父源基因组重编程中组蛋白变体的作用

doi:10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.01.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

卵母细胞具有重编程精子基因组以确保胚胎正常发育的能力。精子入卵后,父源基因组会经历组蛋白替换鱼精蛋白，全基因组去甲基化等过程,从而启动胚胎发育。组蛋白H3的变体H3.3可以替换核小体中的典型组蛋白H3.1和H3.2,从而修饰染色质结构和影响基因表达。在早期胚胎发育过程中H3.3的缺失将导致染色体的过度凝集和错误分离。我们综述了组蛋白变体H3.3及其分子伴侣在精子发生、受精和早期胚胎发育中的作用，特别是H3.3对父源基因组重编程的重要性,这对理解受精后全能性合子的形成及着床前发育具有重要意义。

关键词: 受精, 组蛋白, 重编程, 鱼精蛋白

Abstract:

Oocytes have the ability to reprogram the sperm genome to ensure normal embryonic development. After sperm enters into the egg, the paternal genome undergoes protamine to histone exchange, whole genome demethylation and other processes, which start embryonic development. Histone H3 variant H3.3 can replace canonical histones H3.1 and H3.2 in nucleosomes, thereby modifying chromatin structure and regulate gene expression. The absence of H3.3 during early embryonic development will lead to excessive chromosomal aggregation and mis-isolation. This article reviews the role of histone variant H3.3 and its chaperones in spermatogenesis, fertilization and early embryonic development. In particular, the importance of H3.3 in the reprogramming of the paternal genome is of great significance in understanding the formation of totipotent zygotes after fertilization and their preimplantation development.

Key words: Fertilization, Histone, Reprogramming, Protamine

王楠黄星卫程香荣姜琦庞楠雷蕾. 父源基因组重编程中组蛋白变体的作用[J]. 解剖学报, 2019, 50(1): 132-136.

WANG Nan HUANG Xing-wei CHENG Xiang-rong JIANG Qi PANG Nan LEI Lei. Role of histone variants in the reprogramming of parental genomes[J]. Acta Anatomica Sinica, 2019, 50(1): 132-136.

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