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    Anthropology
    Fat distribution in Zhuang-Dong ethnic groups and its relationship with age in China
    SUN Si-fan LI Yong-lan ZHENG Lian-bin YU Hui-xin
    2021, 52 (4):  635-642.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.020
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1006KB) ( )  
    Objective  To reveal the relationship between lipid distribution and age in Zhuang-Dong ethnic group in China.    Methods  By bioelectrical impedance analysis method of Zhuang-Dong 13 ethnic body composition in China, u inspection method , for the inspection of body composition differences between the sexes, the indicators by adopting the method  of correlation analysis on body composition and age related analysis, variance analysis method was used to explore three body composition differences between age groups.    Results  The body fat rate was not high and did not reach the obesity level. Half of the men and more than half of the women had fat rates in the standard range. The body fat rate of Dong nationality and Bouyei nationality was higher, but that of Kelao nationality and Kelao nationality was lower. With age, there was no significant change in the upper limb fat rate of males, while the visceral fat rate and trunk fat rate increased, and the lower limb fat rate decreased. There was little change in the total fat rate and the lower limb fat rate. With age, there was no significant change in body mass index (BMI), total fat percentage, trunk fat percentage, and limb fat percentage. Women had a significantly higher percentage of body fat than men. There was no significant correlation between left and right upper limb fat rate and age in males, body fat rate, visceral fat level and trunk fat rate were significantly positively correlated with age, and left and right lower limb fat rate and age were significantly negatively correlated. The left upper limb fat rate, left and right lower limb fat rate were negatively correlated with age, and the trunk fat rate was positively correlated with age. There was no significant correlation between age and total female lipid.    Conclusion  The body fat of Zhuang-Dong ethnic group in China is much thinner than that of north Asian ethnic group, and it has the characteristic of sebum development level of southern Chinese ethnic group.
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    Skeletal muscle content of Han adults working in Tibet by bioelectrical impedance method
    ZHAO Qiu-yue ZHANG Hai-long XI Huan-jiu REN Fu YAN Wen-zhu ZHONG Hua BAIMA-Duoji
    2021, 52 (4):  643-646.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.021
    Abstract ( )   PDF (844KB) ( )  
    Objective  To explore the characteristics and differences of the distribution of skeletal muscle content between the Han adult population in Tibet and Liaoning Han adult population.    Methods  Randomly selected healthy adults of Han worked in Tibet and Liaoning Han nationality as the research object, a total of 223 Han adults worked in Tibet (95 males,128 females); 302 adults of Han nationality in Liaoning (126 males,176 females) were selected by body composition analyzer. The body weight, total muscle mass, trunk muscle mass, left upper limb muscle mass, right upper limb muscle mass, left lower limb muscle mass, and right lower limb muscle mass of the subject were measured.All the result were input into SPSS 22.0 statistical analysis, and related statistical processing such as independent sample t test was applied.    Results  The body weight, trunk muscle mass, left upper limb muscle mass, right upper limb muscle mass, left lower limb muscle mass, and lower right muscle mass of the Tibetan Han population were lower than those of the Han adults in Liaoning, and the comparison result  was significantly different (P<0.01 or P<0.05), the Han adults in Liaoning and the Tibetan Han population, male muscle mass was greater than the female adults (P<0.01 or P<0.05).    Conclusion  After the Han people in Liaoning entered the Tibetan Plateau, the muscle mass of each part of the body decrease significantly. The change of human body composition can be affected by various factors such as gender and high altitude hypoxia environment.
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    Distribution of hypoxia inducible factor 3A gene rs11672731 and rs2072491 single nucleotide polymorphisms in Guangxi Han population
    GU Xi-xi ZENG Zhi-neng HE Yong-ling SHI Xiang WEI Ye-sheng
    2021, 52 (4):  647-651.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.022
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1141KB) ( )  
    Objective  To study the distribution of hypoxia inducible factor(HIF)3A gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Guangxi Han population and compare their distribution differences with different populations.    Methods  We conducted SNPscan technique to detect the genotypes of rs11672731 and rs2072491 on 286 Guangxi Han population included in the study and statistically analyzed the genotype and allele frequency and the HapMap-CEU, HapMap-HCB, HapMap-JPT, HapMap-GIH and HapMap-MEX data differences.    Results Three genotypes, AA, AG and GG, were found in rs11672731 of HIF3A,with frequency of 42.7%, 45.5% and 11.8%, respectively, the allele frequencies of A and G were 65.5% and 34.5%, respectively. Three genotypes of CC, CT and TT, were found for rs2072491 with frequency distributions of 47.6%, 43.0% and 9.4%, respectively, the allele frequencies of C and T were 69.1% and 30.9%, respectively. There was no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of rs11672731 and rs2072491 between different genders in Guangxi Han population (P>0.05). However, compared with the typing data of CEU, HCB, JPT, GHI, TSI and MEX from human genome project (HapMap), the genotype and allele frequencies of rs11672731 and rs2072491 were not significantly different from those of HCB and JPT (P>0.05). The genotype and allele frequencies of rs11672731 and rs2072491 were statistically different with the date of CEU, GIH, TSI and MEX published by the HapMap (P<0.05).    Conclusion  The polymorphisms of HIF3A gene rs11672731 and rs2072491 have differences on different populations.
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    Variation of occipital protuberance and occipital bunning of Holocene Chinese population
    LI Hai-jun HUANG Yu-qing GUO Bei-heng WENG Min-jie ZHAO Yu-jie DAI Cheng-ping
    2021, 52 (4):  652-656.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.023
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1261KB) ( )  
    Objective  To analyze the characteristics and variation of occipital protuberance and occipital bunning of Chinese Holocene population.   Methods  Based on 275 adult male skulls, Neolithic Age (49 cases), Bronze and Iron Age (171 cases) and modern (55 cases), the occipital protuberance and occipital bunning were divided into several categories, and the occurrence rates were analyzed and compared among different time periods.    Results  The characteristics and variation of occipital protuberance and occipital bunning were also different in different ages. The degree of the occipital protuberance was more and more significant with the age, which changed greatly from Neolithic Age to Bronze and Iron Age. In the Holocene, most people did not appear occipital bunning on the skull, but the relatively significant occipital bunning appeared in the Bronze and Iron Age.   Conclusion  The variation of occipital protuberance may be related to the change of skull size and overuse of trapezius muscle in Holocene. The occipital bunning appearance may reflect the relative development speed of the brain and skull to some extent.
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    Cancer Biology
    Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of microRNA-140-3p targeting cell division cycle associated 8 inhibiting invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
    ZHENG Quan HU Ya-qiong BAI Jun YIN Chong-gao LI Hong-li LIU Yu-qing
    2021, 52 (4):  589-600.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.014
    Abstract ( )   PDF (18830KB) ( )  
    Objective  To investigate the effect of microRNA(miR)-140-3p targeting cell division cycle associated 8(CDCA8) on invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells.    Methods  The differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed by GEO2R in GEO database. The target genes of miR-140-3p were searched by TargetScan human7.2 and miRWalk databases. The hub gene was screened by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. GEPIA database was used to query the expression levels of target gene in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and normal lung tissues, the expression levels in different stages of lung adenocarcinoma, and the relationship between the expression levels of target gene and the overall survival rate of lung adenocarcinoma patients. The survival analysis of mi-140-3p in lung adenocarcinoma and the correlation between miR-140-3p and CDCA8 expression levels were searched in starBase database. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of miR-140-3p in normal lung epithelial cells BEAS-2B and lung adenocarcinoma cells A549, as well as the efficiency of infection. Expression levels of CDCA8 mRNA and protein were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting experiments after overexpresion of miR-140-3p. Dual-luciferase reporter assay verified whether miR-140-3p directly binds to CDCA8. Transwell invasion assay detected the effect of overexpression of miR-140-3p and CDCA8 on the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma cells.    Results  Analysis result  from GEO and other databases showed that the expression level of miR-140-3p in normal lung tissues was significantly higher than that in lung adenocarcinoma, and its predicted target gene CDCA8 expression level in lung adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues, and CDCA8 was negatively correlated with the expression level of miR-140-3p in lung adenocarcinoma. The experimental result  showed that the expression of miR-140-3p in A549 cells was significantly lower than that in BEAS-2B cells (P<0.05). The expression level of miR-140-3p increased significantly after lentiviral infection (P<0.05). CDCA8 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly down-regulated after overexpression of miR-140-3p (P<0.05). Dual-luciferase reporter assay result  showed that miR-140-3p could directly bind to CDCA8 (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, overexpression of miR-140-3p inhibited the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma A549, while CDCA8 revrsed the inhibition of miR-140-3p on the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma A549 (P<0.05).    Conclusion  MiR-140-3p targeting CDCA8 inhibits the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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    Bioinformatics analysis of the microRNAs and target genes of microRNAs in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
    LIU Fa-hui HOU Wan-yun LIANG Jia-dong XU Jin-jing LUO Chun-ying
    2021, 52 (4):  601-608.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.015
    Abstract ( )   PDF (11507KB) ( )  
    Objective  To identify potential microRNAs(miRNAs) in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma and to construct a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network to better understand its potential molecular mechanisms.    Methods  Two microarray datasets of SACC were downloaded from the database Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO), and the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNA were analyzed by the R language. FunRich 3.1.3 software was used to enrich and analyze the transcription factors of differential miRNAs and to predict the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs. The target genes of differential miRNAs in SACC were utilized to perform Gene Onotology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, and protein-protein interaction. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed in Cytoscape 3.7.0.    Results  A total of 144 differentially expressed miRNA (DEMs) and 1216 differentially expressed mRNA (DEGs) were screened. The enrichment analysis of KEGG signaling pathway revealed that target genes were mainly involved in the regulation of Rap1 signaling pathway, mitogen active protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. STRING protein interaction analysis shows that ACSL1, SCD, MGLL, FABP4 may be the key proteins in the protein interaction network.    Conclusion  Differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA between SACC tissues and normal tissues were screened out and the signaling pathways and functions of these differential molecules were found in our research.
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    Neurobiology
    Proteomic analysis of uterine luminal fluid in ovariectomized estrogen primed rats with lateral cerebral ventricle injection of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone/RF amide-related peptide-3
    ZHAO Xue-ying SI Li-na WEI Meng QIAO Yue-bing YANG Song-he CHENG Lu-yang
    2021, 52 (4):  499-505.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.001
    Abstract ( )   PDF (7330KB) ( )  
    Objective To explore the roles and effects of gonadotropin inhibitory hormone gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH)/RF amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) on the uterus through the hypothalamic-pituitary reproductive axis.    Methods  Ovariectomized estrogen primed (OEP) rats model was divided into GnIH injection group and normal saline injection group with 15 rats in each group, 2 g/L GnIH (16 μl/kg) and normal saline (16 μl/kg) were injected into the lateral ventricle of rats in the 2 groups respectively. 6 hours after injection, the uterine fluid of rats was obtained. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to separate the differential proteins in uterine fluid and UniProt was used to identify. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed, and the proteinprotein interaction (PPI) network of the differentially expressed proteins was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. Hub proteins were detected from PPI network.    Results  The result  showed that the differentially expressed proteins separating by LC-MS/MS were 419 identified by UniProt. Among them, 279 were up-regulated and 138 were down-regulated. GO analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in response to organic substance, response to oxygen-containing compound, response to endogenous stimulus, response to stress. The top five enriched pathways obtained in the KEGG pathway analysis (P<0.05) were carbon metabolism, gap junction, long-term depression, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, biosynthesis of amino acids. Five hub proteins involved albumin(Alb),alpha-enolase 1(Eno1), peroxiredoxin-6 (Prdx6), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1(Timp1), Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) were obtained by analyzing PPI network.    Conclusion  The result  of this study indicate that GnIH may regulate the secretion of uterine cavity fluid protein through hypothalamic-pituitary reproductive axis. And regulate the physiological and pathological process of uterus by up-regulating Alb, Eno1, Prdx6 and down-regulating Timp1 and Rac1. 
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    MicroRNA-141-3p expression in serum of patients with cerebral hemorrhage and its mechanism
    LI Xiao-bo XIA Ying NIE Liu JIN Hu LI You-jun
    2021, 52 (4):  506-511.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.002
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3014KB) ( )  
    Objective  To analyze the expression level of microRNA-141-3p (miR-141-3) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and explore the effect and mechanism of miR-141-3p on cerebral hemorrhage injury in rats.    Methods  Forty patients with ICH and 40 healthy controls in total were enrolled in this study. The expression of miR-141-3p in peripheral blood serum was determined by the Real-time PCR method . The target relationship between miR-141-3p and nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) 3’ UTR was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. miR-141-3p agonist and agonist NC were injected into rats via the lateral ventricle, respectively. On day 7 after treatment, the neurological function score was evaluated,and then all rats were killed to obtain brain tissue. Brain water content was examined by the dried and wet mass. HE staining was conducted to observe the pathological changes of cerebral tissue. The mRNA expressions of NLRP3 and miR-141-3p were detected by Real-time PCR. The protein expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 were detected by Western blotting analysis.    Results  The expression of miR-141-3p in serum of ICH patients was significantly down-regulated compared to healthy controls and negatively correlated with the severity of edema around the hematoma [(0.068±0.038) vs (0.520±0.028),t=15.93, P<0.001;r=-0.8948,-0.9434 to-0.8087,P<0.001]. The result  of luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-141-3p was related to the regulation of NLRP3 gene expression. The relative expression levels of miR-141-3p in agonist group were significantly higher than those in the agonist NC group (P<0.001), while the expression levels of NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly lower than those in the agonist NC group (P<0.001). Compared with the agonist NC group, the cerebral water content reduced significantly (P<0.001), and the neurological function score was significantly improved on the day 7 after treatment in agonist group (P<0.001). The result  of HE staining showed that injection of miR-141-3p in ICH rats could reduced the severity of edema around the hematoma.    Conclusion  MiR-141-3p alleviates ICH-induced inflammatory injury in rat possibly by modulating miR-141-3p. 
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    Role of Bcl-2 adenovirus/E1B 19kD interacting protein 3 in oligodendrocyte apoptosis after diffuse axonal injury
    WANG Ting-ting MU Jiao LI Mei-yu YU Hong JIANG Cong-zheng ZHANG Xiao-li ZHANG Guo-hui
    2021, 52 (4):  512-519.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.003
    Abstract ( )   PDF (14368KB) ( )  
    Objective  To investigate the role of Bcl-2 adenovirus/E1B 19kD interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) in oligodendrocyte apoptosis after diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in rats.    Methods  Seventy-seven male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=11), DAI group (n=33), and intervention group (n=33). DAI model was made referring to modified Marmarou method  and the rats in intervention group received intracerebroventricular injection of BNIP3 inhibitor, necrostatin-1(Nec -1,30 g/L, 2 μl) immediately after injury. Tested the BNIP3 protein expression, oligodendrocyte apoptosis and myelin histopathology before and after the intervention of Nec-1.    Results  Compared with the sham group, DAI rats upregulated BNIP3 levels and had positive correlation with cell apoptosis in brainstem. Nec-1 significantly inhibited BNIP3 expression, then decreased the number of apoptotic oligodendrocytes, increased the average absorbance of luxol fast blue(LFB) staining and myelin basic protein (MBP) levels, and alleviated the myelin ultrastructure of DAI rats.    Conclusion  BNIP3 participate in the DAI-induced apoptosis of oligodendrocytes, and inhibition of BNIP3 can protect oligodendrocytes and myelin sheath from DAI injury. 
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    Effects of CTNND2 knockout on cerebellar development and motor function in mice
    WANG Lu-yi XU Man TANG Bo-yi ZHANG Xiao-yue WANG Jiang-hang WANG Yu-yin XIE Le-jing LI Ying-bo
    2021, 52 (4):  520-527.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.004
    Abstract ( )   PDF (8252KB) ( )  
    Objective  To investigate the effects of CTNND2 knockout on cerebellar neuronal development and motor function in mice, as well as its possible mechanisms.    Methods  The mice were divided into two groups (n=10 in each group), all of them were 7 weeks old: wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice were treated as control group, and homozygous of CTNND2 knockout (CTNND2-/-) mice were treated as experimental group, the genotype of CTNND2-/-mice were detected with PCR. The motor function of two groups were detected by beam walking test, hanging wire test and gait analysis test. The changes of cerebellar Purkinje cells were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Golgi staining. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of synapse-associated proteins phosphorylated synapsin 1 (p-Syn1), synapsin 1 (Syn1), ELKS and postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD95), as well as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), protein kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR).    Results  Compared with the WT mice, except the increase in time to traverse the beam, there was a decrease in the proportion of pass on the beam, or latency to fall from the hanging wire, or score of hanging wire, or fore-stride length and hind-stride length of CTNND2-/-mice. There was also a decrease in numbers of Purkinje cells and its dendritic arborization in cerebellum of CTNND2-/-mice. The ratio of p-Syn1/Syn1, p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR, as well as the expression levels of ELKS, PSD95 and PI3K were lower than those of WT mice.    Conclusion  CTNND2 knockout can affect the number and dendritic architecture of Purkinje cells, as well as synthesis of synapse-associated proteins in cerebellum by down-regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, resulting in cerebellar developmental disorder, thereby affecting motor function of mice.
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    Improving effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on depression behavior in chronic stress model mice
    ZHAO Bi-chun LI Cheng-gang ZHANG Yu-juan DU Ruo-chen YUAN Yi-tong ZHANG Ru-xin WANG Chun-fang
    2021, 52 (4):  528-535.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.005
    Abstract ( )   PDF (9358KB) ( )  
    Objective  To study the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) tail vein transplantation on depressive behavior in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model mice.    Methods  The third generation hUCMSCs were abtained; Sixty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into the normal model group (+ normal saline), the cell group (+hUCMSCs) and the fluoxetine(flu) group (+flu), with 15 mice in each group. The depression model of CUMS mice with a 6 week duration was constructed; From the third week, hUCMSCs and normal saline were transplanted into the mice by tail vein injection, and the mice were gavaged with flu daily from the fifth week; Weight changes in each group were recorded weekly; The depression model and therapeutic effect of mice were evaluated by sucrose preference test, tail suspension test, forced swimming test and open field test; The cell changes of CA1 and CA3 region in hippocampus were observed by HE staining; Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect the changes of synapses in CA3 region of hippocampus; Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA expressions of synaphysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD-95), which are key proteins of synptic plasticity.   Results  hUCMSCs improved weight decrease in depressed mice; behavioral experiments observed that the model group mice showed depressive behavior, while the cell group and the drug group mice depression were improved; HE staining showed that, compared with the model group, cells in CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus of mice in the cell group and the group were arranged orderly and the number of cells increased; Transmission electron microscopy showed that compared with the model group, the number of synapses in the CA3 region of the hippocampus was more, the synaptic gap was narrower, and the density of synaptic spines was higher in the cell group and the drug group; More mRNA expressions of SYP and PSD-95 were detected by Real-time PCR in the cell group and the drug group than in the model group.    Conclusion  hUCMSCs transplatation showes antidepressant effects, which are associated with improved synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.
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    Effect of calycosin in reducing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by regulating cytochrome C/apoptotic protease activating factor-1 apoptosis signal pathway
    ZHANG Xue-ning GAO Wei-juan ZHOU Xiao-hong ZHANG Yi DONG Xian-hui ZHANG Ying JIN Xiao-fei
    2021, 52 (4):  536-542.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.006
    Abstract ( )   PDF (7110KB) ( )  
    Objective  To investigate the effect of calycosin on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and its mechanism.    Methods  Forty SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, calycosin group (20 mg/kg), nimodipine group (0.7 mg/kg, positive control group). The occlusion model of middle cerebral artery in rats was established by modified thread occlusion method,and the environment of cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury was simulated in vivo. Zea longa score was used to detect the neurological deficit of rats after ischemiareperfusion injury, 2,3,5-triphenyltetranitrogen (TTC) was used to detect the volume of cerebral infarction, HE staining was used to detect the pathomorphological changes of nerve cells, Nissl staining was used to observe the changes of nissl bodies, TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of nerve cells, Western blotting was used to detect the expression of cytochrome C (Cyt C), apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), Caspase-9 and Caspase-3.    Results  Compared with the sham group, the neurological deficit symptoms in the model group were significant (P<0.05), the volume of cerebral infarction increased significantly (P<0.05). Under the microscope, it was found that the nerve cells showed contraction of cell body, hyperchromatic and pyknosis of nucleus and poor growth state, the expression of nissl body reduced significantly (P<0.05), the apoptotic nerve increased significantly (P<0.05), the expression of Cyt C, Apaf-1, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 increased significantly (P<0.05).Compared with the model group, the neurological deficit symptoms of calycosin group and nimodipine group reduced significantly (P<0.05), the volume of cerebral infarction reduced significantly (P<0.05). Under the microscope, the damage of nerve cells reduced significantly , the expression of nissl body increased significantly (P<0.05), the apoptotic nerve reduced significantly (P<0.05), the expression of Cyt C, Apaf-1, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 decreased significantly (P<0.05)   Conclusion  Calycosin can significantly inhibit the apoptosis of nerve cells and reduce the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Its mechanism of action is related to the effective regulation of Cyt C/Apaf-1 apoptosis signaling pathway by calycosin.
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    Inhibition effect of ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase L1 on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
    PENG Zhi-feng LI Chen-xu MA Guo-ying YANG Jing-hui
    2021, 52 (4):  543-547.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.007
    Abstract ( )   PDF (13284KB) ( )  
    Objective  To evaluate the effect of inhibition of ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice.    Methods  Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into sham group, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, UCHL1 small interfering RNA (siRNA)group and scramble siRNA (control) group, 10 mice in each group. I/R model was established by reperfusion 24 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)60 minutes. In the siRNA group and control group, 10 μl UCHL1 siRNA or scramble siRNA was injected into the brain through the lateral ventricle 24 hours before MCAO. The expression of UCHL1 was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting; the volume of cerebral infarction and the rate of edema were assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining; and the score of neurological symptoms was assessed by neurobehavioral scoring.    Results  Compared with the sham group, the level of UCHL1 mRNA and protein in ischemic penumbra of I/R group were significantly higher (P<0.05), while the expression of UCHL1 protein and mRNA in siRNA group were significantly lower (P<0.05); at the same time, the volume of cerebral infarction, edema rate and neurobehavioral damage in I/R group increased significantly, while the volume and edema rate of cerebral infarction and neurobehavioral damage in siRNA group further increased (P<0.05).   Conclusion  Inhibition of UCHL1 can aggravate the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice, suggesting that the induction of UCHL1 after MCAO has a protective effect on the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice.
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    Small ubiquitin-like modifier proteins specific protease 3 in microglia participating in the early progression of photothrombosic ischemic stroke mice model
    DU Juan-juan YE Zhen ZHOU Tao REN Yan-hua LIAO Min
    2021, 52 (4):  548-553.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.008
    Abstract ( )   PDF (11627KB) ( )  
    Objective  To investigate the expression of small ubiquitin-like modifier proteins specific protease 3 (SENP3) in microglia of mice with ischemic stroke and its relationship with the progression of ischemic stroke.    Methods  The experimental animals were divided into control group, ischemic stroke day 1 group and ischemic stroke day 7 group(3 mice per group). The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), argniase-1 (ARG-1), SENP3 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation levels in the striatum were detected by immunoblotting. The expression of iNOS and ARG-1 in mouse striatum microglia was detected by immunofluorescence double labeling.    Results  Compared with the control group, the expression of SENP3 and the phosphorylation level of JNK in the ischemic stroke group increased significantly, and the expression of the marker iNOS of M1 type microglia increased significantly. The expression of the marker ARG-1 of M2 type microglia increased significantly in the day 7 group of ischemic stroke. The immunofluorescence doublelabeled result  of striatum ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and iNOS, Iba1 and ARG-1 were consistent with the result  of immunoblotting.    Conclusion  In the early stage of ischemic stroke, the expression of SENP3 in microglia increases, which promote the cerebral inflammatory response by affecting the level of JNK phosphorylation and the polarization of microglia, and participate in the progression of ischemic stroke.
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    Effect of Lycium barbarum soup on histological structure, inducible nitric oxide synthase activity, Caspase-3 and nuclear factor-κB protein expression in retina of mice injured by heroin
    LI Chong-yang GOU Tao-ran YU Shi-yuan
    2021, 52 (4):  554-560.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.009
    Abstract ( )   PDF (9969KB) ( )  
    Objective  To explore the effects of Lycium barbarum soup on retina histological structure and related active substances in mice injured by heroin.    Method  Totally 120 Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, heroin group, Lycium barbarum 1 group and Lycium barbarum 2 group.The mice were intraperitoneally injected escalation with doses (2,4,6 g/L) heroin 0.2 ml continuous(1-5、6-10 and 11-15 days) for 15 days(twice a day). One hour after injected heroin, Lycium barbarum 1 and 2 group was intragastric administration with (1.0 g/kg, 2.0 g/kg) Lycium barbarum soup for 0.2 ml.The changes of retina tissue structure were observed by biomicroscopy,the changes of plasma lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity and retina inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) activity were detected by colorimetry,the changes of Caspase-3 and nuclear factor(NF)-κB protein expression in retina was detected by immunohistochemistry method.   Result  Compared with the control group, the retina tissue of the heroin group was damaged in varying degrees,ganglion cells decreased, vacuolated degeneration occurred, the structure of the inner and outer nuclear layers was disordered, loose and reticular. The LDH activity of plasma increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The iNOS activity of retina increased significantly (P<0.01).The Caspase-3 and NF-κB protein expression of retina increased, and the average optical density increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the heroin group, the ganglion cell layer vacuolation of the retina in Lycium barbarum 1 and 2 groups was reduced,the inner and outer nuclear layers were arranged orderly.The LDH activity of plasma decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The iNOS activity of retina decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The Caspase-3 and NF-κB protein expression of retina decreased significantly (P<0.01).   Conclusion Lycium barbarum soup can improve the anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory ability of cells, inhibit Caspase-3 expression and NF-κB activation of retina. It can effectively reduce the damage of heroin on the retina and has a certain protective effect on the retina.
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    Review
    Analysis of variation in bone health
    Ⅺ Huan-jiu LIU Da-hua LI Wen-hui LIU Ying-ying
    2021, 52 (4):  662-669.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.025
    Abstract ( )   PDF (928KB) ( )  
    By reviewing the literatures, we retrospectively summarized the human bone mineral variations in ethnicity/race, geography, sex and age and the like, and investigated and summed up the causes of variations in genetics, living styles, bone structure, metabolism etc. It is worth to provide reference for colleagues to study bone health.
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    Research progress on neural mechanism of pancreatic cancer pain
    QIU Xin-tong LI Yi CAO Peng ZHANG Ming-ming
    2021, 52 (4):  670-674.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.026
    Abstract ( )   PDF (875KB) ( )  
    Pancreatic cancer pain is a kind of visceral pain caused by cancer. Patients often have the characteristics of left upper abdominal pain and band radiation on the back, which seriously affects the prognosis and quality of life of the patients. Pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ and distributed with sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve. The mechanism of pancreatic cancer pain is complex, such as the invasion of peripheral nerve by tumor cells, the activation of receptor by mastocyte departiculate action, the proliferation of new capillaries, the involvement of glial cells, and the related molecular mechanisms. It is necessary to understand the neuroanatomical characteristics of pancreas and explore the mechanism of pancreatic cancer pain in order to relieve the pain and improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients with pancreatic cancer. In this paper, the neuropathic pain mechanism of pancreatic cancer is reviewed in order to provide a new target and strategy for clinical treatment.
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    Technology and Methodology
    Construction of corneal neovascularization rabbit model by suture
    DU Li-qun SUN Jia-zhang MI Feng-hua WU Xin-yi
    2021, 52 (4):  657-661.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.024
    Abstract ( )   PDF (5541KB) ( )  
    Objective  To compare the effect of different sutures and suture method  on corneal neovascularization(CNV) in rabbit models.  
      Methods  NV was induced by placing sutures at the corneal periphery of rabbits (n=45). To observe the NV status, 45 rabbits were randomly divided into 5 equal groups. Group A applied 8-0 absorbable suture (A1 single loop parallel suture, A2 single loop vertical suture). In group B, 10-0 nylon suture was used (B1 double loop parallel suture, B2 double loop vertical suture, B3 three loop radial suture). The development of CNV was observed with slit lamp microscope and photographed. Therefore the effective model for neovascularization induction was selected. Histological examination, immunofluorescent staining and ELISA analysis for the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) were performed before suture, 7 and 14 days after suture.    Results  Sutures fell off and CNV gradually atrophied in group A1 and A2; At the 14th day after suture, Sparse or short cluster CNV grew into the corneal margin in group B1 and B2, while CNV was vigorous and grew in bundles in group B3. The expression of VEGF in aqueous humor increased in B3 group after suturing, and increased in 14 days as compared with 7 days after suture. Corneal edema, neovascularization and little immunofluorescence staining for VEGF were detected in group B3 after 7 days suture. More neovascularization and immunofluorescence staining for VEGF were detected in group B3 after 14 days suture.   Conclusion  Corneal NV can be induced successfully in rabbit model by suturing. The method  of 10-0 thread with three sets of circular seams(B3) is stable and effective.
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    Anatomy
    Comparison of the effect between virtual simulation operation and conventional operation for the treatment of kidney stones
    WU Li-bing GAO Shang XU Yang-yang WANG Yi-dan HE Yu-jie WANG Hai-yan LI Xiao-he LI Zhi-jun
    2021, 52 (4):  609-617.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.016
    Abstract ( )   PDF (6728KB) ( )  
    Objective  To provide method  for clinical teaching and research, for young doctors to quickly shorten the surgical learning time,a three-dimensional model of the kidney was reconstructed to simulate the effect of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in virtual and conventional surgery.    Methods  A total of 30 patients with kidney stones treated in Liangxiang Hospital in Fangshan District of Beijing from December 2017 to February 2019 were randomly selected as the experimental group, while the control group was 30 normal subjects who underwent physical examination in same hospital during the same period. After collecting CT scan data of the two groups of patients, Mimics 16.0 was used. The software was used for image segmentation and fusion to reconstruct the threedimensional model of the kidney. Observation indexes such as calix puncture, puncture point, puncture depth and channel selection were recorded in the virtual simulation operation. Total hospital stay, average operation time, average amount of blood loss, average postoperative hospital stay and incidence of postoperative complications were recorded.    Results  Virtual surgery simulation and the actual operation of the puncture point conformity degree was 100%.There was no significant difference of the average length of hospital stay between the two groups (P>0.05). The average blood loss, the average length of hospital stay and  postoperative complications between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The virtual simulation surgery average blood loss reduced, the average postoperative hospital stay shortened, and the incidence of symptoms decreased.    Conclusion  Virtual simulation surgery can realize individualized preoperative evaluation and surgical design of kidney stone patients, and provide accurate diagnosis and treatment basis for clinicians.
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    Classification of peroneal muscle trochlear and its correlation with calcaneus
    LIANG Li-wei LIAO Li-qing
    2021, 52 (4):  618-620.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.017
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4599KB) ( )  
    Objective  To measure and classify the trochlear size of fibular muscle, and to analyze its correlation with calcaneus.    Methods  In 824 calcaneal specimens, the length, width and height of the peroneal muscle trochlear were measured and classified according to the four types of flat, convex, concave and tunnel.    Results  The prevalence of the peroneal tubercle was 62.5%. The average length, width, and height of the tubercle were (11.5±3.32)(2.56-23.14)mm,(6.27±2.20)(1.34-14.99)mm,and (2.69±1.30)(0.41-8.18)mm respectively. The four types of peroneal tubercle were classified as flat in 191(37.09%), prominent in 189(36.7%), concave in 131(25.44%), and tunnel in 4(0.77%).     Conclusion  This data may help understand pathology of peroneus tendon and its relationship with peroneal tubercle,and it may help make standard to define the abnormal peroneal tubercle.
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    Cell and Molecules Biology
    Effect of osteoclast-derived apoptotic body microR-30a on osteogenic activity
    2021, 52 (4):  561-566.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.010
    Abstract ( )   PDF (8947KB) ( )  
    Objective  To explore that whether apoptotic bodies released by osteoclasts mediate osteogenic activity.    Methods  The osteoclasts were induced from mouse(n=10)bone marrow monocytes in vitro, and were identified by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, F-actin, and DAPI double labeling immunofluorescence. The Co-culture system of osteoclasts and mouse osteoblasts MC-3T3E1 was established. The apoptosis of osteoclasts was analyzed by DNA fragment ELISA. Immunoblotting of apoptotic body markers was investigated. Real-time PCR analysis of bone formation markers was tested. MiRNA expression profiling of apoptotic body was identisfied.    Results  Alendronate (ALN) 100 μmol/L induced osteoclast apoptosis and caused apoptotic body release from osteoclasts. The expression of C3b and annexin Ⅴ protein was enhanced by ALN; the expression of C3b in osteoclasts was negatively correlated with the activity of osteoblasts; the microarray screening of apoptotic body showed that miR-30a was correlated with bone formation markers and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP).    Conclusion  Osteoclast-derived apoptotic body miR-30a can inhibit the activity of osteoblasts. Apoptotic body may participate in the dialogue between osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
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    Mechanism of insulin-like growth factor 2 regulating human ovarian granulosa cell proliferation through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B signaling pathway
    DING Xiang-yun MA Yong-zhen YIN Hua-wei DUAN Jun-jun LI Zhen ZHUANG Yuan ZHANG Lin
    2021, 52 (4):  567-573.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.011
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3710KB) ( )  
    Objective  To explore the effect and mechanism of insulin-like growth factor 2(IGF2) on the proliferation of human ovarian granulosa cells (KGN).    Methods  KGN cells cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of IGF2 were divided into control group and IGF2 group (25 μg/L, 50 μg/L, 100 μg/L), and then cells were divided into control group, 100 μg/L IGF2 group, LY294002 group, and IGF2 +LY294002 group after intervened the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway with LY294002. MTS and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) method  was used to detect the effect of IGF2 on KGN cell proliferation, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the contents of estrogen and progesterone in cell culture supernatant. The expressions of insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), protein kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-Akt) and CYP19A1 protein in each group were detected by Western blotting.   Results  With the concentration gradient of IGF2, the proliferation rate of KGN cells and the secretion of estrogen and progesterone gradually increased. The cell proliferation rate and hormone level in the group treated with 100μg/L IGF2 were the highest (P<0.01), while the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was inhibited, and the cell proliferation rate and hormone secretion decreased significantly (P<0.01).The protein expression levels of IGF1R, p-Akt and CYP19A1 in different concentration groups increased significantly (P<0.05). While the expression of the above proteins were affected by intervened the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Compared with the control group, the protein expression of IGF1R and p-Akt increased significantly in IGF2 group and IGF2 +LY294002 group(P<0.01), CYP19A1 increased significantly  in IGF2 group(P<0.01), the protein expression of p-Akt and CYP19A1 decreased significantly in LY294002 group(P<0.05), there was no significant difference in the protein expression of IGF1R.Compared with the IF2 group, the protein expression of p-Akt and CYP19A1 decreased in IGF2 +LY294002 group (P<0.01), there was no statistically significant difference in the protein expression of IGF1R, and the expression levels of IGF1R, p-Akt and CYP19A1 were significantly reduced in LY294002 group (P<0.01).    Conclusion  IGF2 may promote the proliferation and secretion of human ovarian granulosa cells through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway mediated by IGF1R.
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    Expression profile of circular RNA and its regulatory effect on autophagy during rat liver regeneration
    WANG Qi-wen YAO Fen-jie YANG Zhuo-fei GUO Xue-qiang MU Meng-meng ZHOU Yun XU Cun-shuan
    2021, 52 (4):  581-588.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.013
    Abstract ( )   PDF (9244KB) ( )  
    Objective  Studies have shown that circular RNA (circRNA) is a molecular sponge of microRNA(miRNA) and can be used for the treatment and diagnosis of liver diseases. Therefore, this study aims to further investigate the expression profile of circRNA and its effect on autophagy in rat liver regeneration.    Methods  Based on the high-throughput sequencing in regenerated liver of 0 hour, 2, 6, 12, 24, 30, 36, 72, 120 and 168 hours after 2/3 hepatectomy in 60 rats, the expression profiles of circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNA were analyzed and their relationship were predicted by miRanda aug 2010 software. Furthermore, according to gene function → miRNA function → circRNA function, circRNAs and miRNAs that regulating autophagy were obtained in liver regeneration and compting endogenous(ceRNA) network was constructed.    Results  There were 102 circRNAs, 42 miRNAs and 153 mRNAs associated with autophagy involved in liver regeneration. Using bioinformatics analysis, 44 types of circRNAs, 13 types of miRNAs and 17 types of mRNA were found to interact with each other, and their co-expression network was constructed.    Conclusion  In this study, we screened out the circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs related to autophagy in liver regeneration and built the interaction network map.
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    Histology,Embryology and Developmental Biology
    Protective effect of astragaloside on renal injury induced by radiation through toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B pathway
    XU Yu-qin DING Yan-ping LIU Shu-ning KANG Jie SHAO Bao-ping
    2021, 52 (4):  621-627.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.018
    Abstract ( )   PDF (10498KB) ( )  
    Objective  To explore whether astragaloside Ⅳ (AS-Ⅳ) can protect radiation-induced kidney injury through toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)-mediated signaling pathway.    Methods  The mice were randomly divided into normal control group, DMSO solvent group, irradiation group (IR), IR + AS-Ⅳ 20 mg/kg group and IR + AS-Ⅳ 40 mg/kg group. One month after intraperitoneal injection of AS-Ⅳ, the mice were irradiated with 8 Gy 60Coγ and to the content of serum creatinine (Cr) and uric acid (BUA) in serum were determined, HE and immunohistochemical staining, and expression of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway related protein in kidney were performed.    Results  Compared with the control group, the levels of Cr and BUA in the serum of the radiation group increased significantly (P<0.001), glomerular atrophy and tubular expansion, TLR4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88) positive expression increased significantly (P<0.001), and the expression of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins[TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)] increased significantly (P<0.01); AS-Ⅳ pretreatment can reduce the content of Cr and BUA in serum (P<0.05, P<0.01 or P<0.001), significantly improve the pathological response caused by radiation, and reduce the expression of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins (P<0.05 or P<0.01).    Conclusion  AS-Ⅳ may down-regulate the release of inflammatory factors through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby improving radiation-induced kidney injury in mice and playing a protective role.
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    Cell and Molecules Biology
    Determination of carbohydrate chains in two kinds of microvascular endothelial cells by lectin cytochemistry
    YANG Si-yu YANG Zhong-jin ZHANG Zhi-huan MU Xiang ZHANG Yong-hong ZHANG Tao
    2021, 52 (4):  574-580.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.012
    Abstract ( )   PDF (14956KB) ( )  
    Objective  To determine the expression pattern of carbohydrate chains in two kinds of microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs).    Methods  Rat jejunal mucosal MVECs were thawed, and lung tissues were removed from specific pathogen free piglet of 3 days old to isolate and culture porcine pulmonary MVECs by collagerase digestion and differential attachment. By lectin cytochemistry, staining of 8 lectins including concanavalin A (Con A), phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E), ricinus communis agglutinin Ⅰ (RCA-Ⅰ), lycopersicon esculentum lectin (LEL), sambucus nigra lectin (SNA), ulex europaeus agglutinin Ⅰ (UEA-Ⅰ), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) was detected in rat jejunal mucosal and porcine pulmonary MVECs.    Results  In rat jejunal mucosal MVECs, strong positve staining was present for Con A, WGA and LEL, medium one for PHA-E、SNA and RCA-Ⅰ, weak one for DBA, and negative staining for UEA-Ⅰ. In porcine pulmonary MVECs, strong positive staining was present for Con A and PHA-E, medium one in RCA-Ⅰ, weak one for LEL and SNA, and negative staining for UEA-Ⅰ, WGA and DBA.    Conclusion  The carbohydrate patterns in two kinds of MVECs display significant heterogeneity. Both rat jejunal mucosal and porcine pulmonary MVECs express mannose, galactose, 1, 3-N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid at different levels. N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine are detected in the former but not in the latter, and fucose do not in both MVECs.
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    Histology,Embryology and Developmental Biology
    Effects of ginsenoside Re on intestinal mucosa of mice with severe acute pancreatitis and its regulation mechanism
    LONG Run XU Ya-pei YANG Zhu-feng YANG Jing LI Yan-hong
    2021, 52 (4):  628-634.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.019
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4532KB) ( )  
    Objective  To explore the effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Re on the intestinal mucosa of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) mice by regulating the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3) pathway.    Methods  Totally 48 mice were divided into: control group, SAP group, SAP + ginsenoside Re group and SAP+ginsenoside Re+LY2784544 group (n=12). The mice were intraperitoneally injected with caerulein solution (after fasting for 12 hours, 100 μg/kg, 6 times, injection interval 60 minutes) to establish SAP models. Mice in the SAP+ginsenoside Re group were intraperitoneally injected with ginsenoside Re (4 mg/kg, 1 time a day for 7 consecutive days). Intraperitoneal injection of 12.7 mg/kg LY2784544 was used to inhibit the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Pancreatic and intestinal mucosal injury were detected in each group. The wet to dry weight ratio of pancreas, serum amylase and inflammatory factor levels were detected in each group. The intestinal mucosal barrier function was analyzed by detecting the levels of D-lactic acid and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-D). The damage of pancreatic tissue and intestinal mucosa tissue was observed by HE staining. Western blotting was used to detect the levels of apoptotic  proteins Bax and Bcl-2 in the intestinal mucosa. The JAK2/STAT3 pathway expression levels in pancreatic tissue and intestinal mucosa tissue were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting.   Results  The pancreatic index, serum amylase, interleukin 6 (IL-6)  and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), FITC-D, D-lactic acid, Bax protein levels, JAK2 and STAT3 mRNA and protein levels in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while Bcl-2 protein was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The Bcl-2 protein of SAP+ginsenoside Re group was significantly higher than that of SAP group, and other indexes were significantly lower than those in SAP group (P<0.05). The Bcl-2 protein of SAP+ginsenoside Re+LY2784544 group was significantly higher than that of SAP+ginsenoside Re group, and other indexes were significantly lower than those in the SAP+ginsenoside Re group (P<0.05).    Conclusion  Ginsenoside Re may reduce the pancreatic injury in SAP model mice by inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway to alleviate the inflammatory response, and may protect the small intestinal mucosal barrier by alleviating pancreatitis and inhibiting the intestinal mucosal JAK/STAT pathway to inhibit cell apoptosis.
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