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    Review
    Relationship of pathogenesis between ischemic stroke and vascular dementia
    SHI Qian-yu CHENG Quan-cheng CHEN Chun-hua
    2021, 52 (5):  834-838.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.025
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1327KB) ( )  
    Ischemic stroke could cause brain damage and subsequent cognitive or behavioral disorders. Studies have shown that ischemic stroke is a risk factor of vascular dementia, involving common pathophysiological processes and similar risk factors, which are related in pathogenesis, including endothelial dysfunction and the disrupted blood-brain barrier permeability. Micro infarct, microvascular changes, brain atrophy and neurodegenerative changes may be the pathological mechanism of secondary vascular dementia. However, the specific mechanism of the two is still not fully clarified, which will become the focus of future research.
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    Cancer Biology
    Low expression S100 calcium ion binding protein A6 promoting the proliferation and migration of esophageal adenocarcinoma SK-GT-4 cells#br#
    HUANG Ke-ke QI Bo GU Cheng-wei HUO Shu-hua LIU Yu-zhen ZHAO Bao-sheng
    2021, 52 (5):  737-743.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.010
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3588KB) ( )  
    Objective  To explore the effect of S100 calcium ion binding protein A6 (S100A6) on proliferation and migration of esophageal adenocarcinoma SK-GT-4 cells.    Methods  Lentiviruses were used to construct stable transfected cell lines (shNC and shS100A6). Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of S100A6. The inverted microscope and MTT were used to detect cell proliferation. The Transwell assay was used to detect cell migration. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of S100A6, p-ERK, p-Akt and its downstream molecular involved in proliferation and migration. Using U0126 (inhibitor of MER1/2) and LY294002 (inhibitor of PI3K) to detect the effect of these two inhibitors on cell proliferation and migration and the expression of p-ERK, p-Akt and its downstream molecular involved in proliferation and migration in shS100A6 cells.    Results  Stable cell lines of knockdown S100A6 were constructed. Knockdown S100A6 promoted cell proliferation and migration. Western blotting result  displayed that in shS100A6 cells, the levels of p-Akt and p-ERK increased, p21 decreased, cyclinD1 increased, and the expression of β-catenin and vimentin, increased. U0126 and LY294002 inhibited the migration of shS100A6 cells. U0126 had no effect on the proliferation of shS100A6 cells, however LY294002 could inhibit the proliferation of shS100A6 cells. U0126 treatment on shS100A6 cells could decrease p-ERK and β-catenin expression. After shS100A6 cells treated with LY294002, p-Akt and β-catenin expression decreased, p21 expression increased and the expression of cyclinD1 decreased.    Conclusion  Low expression of S100A6 promotes cell proliferation and migration, which may be mediated by activation of p-Akt regulating cell cycle progression to promote cell proliferation and by activation of p-Akt/p-ERK to regulate β-catenin to promote cell migration.
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    Abnormal expression of glypican-3 and ubiquitin D in hepatocellular carcinoma and the associated interaction#br#
    TAN Yu-jing DAI Zi-wei TANG Biao
    2021, 52 (5):  744-750.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.011
    Abstract ( )   PDF (7538KB) ( )  
    Objective  To explore the abnormal expression of ubiquitin D(UBD) and glypican-3(GPC3) among patients of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) by using analysis tools of genomics and epigenetics, so as to study their prognostic effects.    Methods  The online tools called ULCAN(http://ualan.path.uab.edu) and Gene Expression Profiling Interative Analysis(GEPIA) were used to perform expression analysis in genomics and epigenetics of UBD and GPC3. Moreover, GEPIA was conducted to evaluate the survival effects on HCC patients. The GeneCards was used to find the localization of UBD and GPC3 in tumor tissue and normal tissue. The STRING was utilized to perform the construction of PPI network and gene annotation. The correlation between UBD and GPC3 in progress of HCC was revealed based on Pearson correlation coefficient.    Results  UBD and GPC3 were dramatically up-regulated in HCC tissues, with downregulation of methylation level. UBD was located in 6p22.1 with primary expression in the nucleus, while GPC3 was located in Xq26.2 with main expression in the plasma membrane, extracellular matrix, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome and golgi apparatus. The enrichment analysis showed that, UBD was enriched in activities involving proteasome, such as post-translation protein modification, ubiquitination and deubiquitination. GPC3 was enriched in the biosynthetic and catabolic process of glycosaminoglycan, possessed relationship with proteoglycans in cancer, ECM-receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Both of UBD and GPC3 were shown to exhibit a positive linear correlation, which suggested that GPC3 and UBD mediated the pathological process of HCC in cooperation. The survival analysis showed that, GPC3 exhibited a critical effect on survival of HCC patients.    Conclusion  UBD and GPC3 represent up-regulation in tumor tissue, in which GPC3 possesses a greater impact on the prognosis of HCC. GPC3 could be potential to serve as a practical biomarker for early diagnosis and medical intervention.
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    Melatonin inhibiting the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901#br#
    XU Li JIN Qing-dong CHEN Xiu-jiao CHEN Chao ZHENG Wei-nan ZHOU Rui-xiang
    2021, 52 (5):  751-758.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.012
    Abstract ( )   PDF (9163KB) ( )  
    Objective  To investigate the inhibitory effect of melatonin on the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell and the underlying molecular mechanism.    Methods  Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were treated with different concentrations of melatonin (0.1, 1, 2 and 4 mmol/L) for 24 hours, and the changes in the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells were detected by scratch test and Transwell assay. The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in the supernatant were detected by ELISA kit. The changes of MMP-2, MMP-9,  intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and CD44 expressions were detected by using Real-time PCR. The protein expressions of ICAM-1, CD44, p-P38, P38 and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase(p-MKK)3/6 were detected by Western blotting.    Results  Melatonin inhibited the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the blank control group, melatonin reduced the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, ICAM-1 and CD44, and inhibited the expressions of p-P38, P38 and p-MKK3/6 in gastric cancer cells.    Conclusion  Melatonin inhibits the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, ICAM-1 and CD44. Inhibition may be related to the p38MAPK signaling pathway. 
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    Solute carrier family 6 member 1 promoting the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells through affecting the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
    JI Lei XU Yang TANG Nan
    2021, 52 (5):  759-766.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.013
    Abstract ( )   PDF (11773KB) ( )  
    Objective  To investigate the effects of solute carrier family 6 member 1 (SLC6A1) on migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and its molecular mechanism.    Methods  Data sets GSE125989 and GSE100534 were downloaded and comprehensively analyzed to screen the key genes. Protein interaction network of key genes was constructed by STRING database and Cytoscape 3.6.1 software, and hub genes were screened. Expression of hub gene SLC6A1 in breast cancer and its effect on prognosis were detected by Ualcan datebase and GEPIA datebase. SLC6A1-siRNA plasmid was transfected to interfere with SLC6A1 expression in breast cancer cells. Migration and invasion of breast cancer cells were detected by wound healing assay and Transwell assays. The mechanism of SLC6A1 in breast cancer was detected by gene set enrichment analysis and Western blotting. SC79 was used to activate the Akt pathway, and then detect changes in cell migration and invasion were detected.    Results A total of 92 differentially expressed genes between metastatic breast cancer and carcinoma in situ were selected, and 20 hub genes including collagen Ⅰα1(COL1A1),vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA) and SLC6A1 were selected. SLC6A1 were highly expressed in breast cancer tissues (P<0.001) and correlated with prognosis (P=0.01). After SLC6A1 interference, the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells decreased significantly (P<0.05). Inhibition of SLC6A1 expression can inhibit the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway (P<0.05). Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway eliminated the inhibitory effect of SLC6A1-siRNA on migration and invasion of breast cancer cells (P<0.05).    Conclusion  SLC6A1 promotes the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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    Cell and Molecules Biology
    Effect and mechanism of fibroblast growth factor on proliferation and transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts in rats#br#
    LIU Meng-xin SUN Chang-ye Li Duo REN Ming-fen GUO ZhI-kun
    2021, 52 (5):  712-719.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.007
    Abstract ( )   PDF (17301KB) ( )  
    Objective  To investigate the effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on the proliferation and transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into myofibroblasts (MFs).    Methods  Rat CFs were isolated and cultured, and then induced by FGF. CCK-8 was used to detect the cell activity and proliferation. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen Ⅰ (ColⅠ).    Results  The expression and activation of α-SMA and ColⅠ increased with the increase of CFs culture generation. The number of CFs induced by FGF did not increased significantly; the expression of α-SMA in CFs induced by FGF1 and FGF2 decreased, and the number of activated MFs decreased.    Conclusion  FGF family has no effect on the proliferation of CFs, but FGF1 and FGF2 can inhibit the activation of CFs and reduce the differentiation into MFs.
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    Effect of intranasal acupuncture on the pathology of nasal mucosa in rabbits with allergic rhinitis and related regulatory mechanism of transient receptor potential vanillic acid receptor 1-substance P axis#br#
    LIU Li-li GONG Zheng JIAO Lu-lu LIU Si-ming BIAN Fang-zi ZHANG Lin-jing LIU Qiao-ping YAN Zhan-feng
    2021, 52 (5):  720-727.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.008
    Abstract ( )   PDF (7117KB) ( )  
    Objective  To investigate the pathological changes of nasal mucosa by intranasal acupuncture,and to explore the possible signal transduction mechanism〓through the distribution and expression of transient receptor potential vanillic acid receptor 1 (TRPV1)-substance P (SP) axis in nasal mucosa of experimental allergic rhinitis.     Methods  An animal model of allergic rhinitis was constructed by ovalbumin and aluminium hydroxide gel treatment. Twenty five New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into normal group, model group, sham acupuncture group, acupuncture Wai Ying Xiang group and intranasal acupuncture group, with 5 rabbits in each group. To observe the effect of intranasal acupuncture on animal behavior, nasal mucosa pathology, eosinophils (EOS) count and IgE content in arterial blood. In addition, HE staining was used to determine the distribution of EOS in nasal mucosa and immunohistochemistry was used to observe the distribution and expression of TRPV1 and SP in nasal mucosa membrane.     Results  Compared with the model group, the behavioral score of the sham acupuncture group did not decrease significantly, while the behavioral score of the Wai Ying Xiang acupuncture group and the intranasal acupuncture group showed a downward trend, and the decrease degree of the intranasal acupuncture group was more significant. Compared with the normal group, the eosinophil count in the model group increased slightly(P>0.05); Compared with the model group, the number of eosinophils in the intranasal acupuncture group decreased (P>0.05). Compared with the normal group, the serum IgE content in the model group increased  significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, there was no significant change in the sham acupuncture group (P>0.05). Compared with the model group, serum IgE content in the Wai Ying Xiang acupuncture group and the internal acupuncture group decreased significantly (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference between the internal acupuncture group and the Wai Ying Xiang acpuncture group (P>0.05). HE staining found that eosinophilic distribution increased significantly in the model group and the sham acupuncture group compared with the normal group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the distribution of eosinophil reduced in the nasal acupuncture group and the Wai Ying Xiang group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical found that TRPV1 and SP expressed significantly in the nasal mucosa of the model group and the sham acupuncture group compared with the normal group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, TRPV1 and SP expression decreased significantly in the intranasal acupuncture group and the external yingxiang group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).     Conclusion  Intranasal acupuncture can alleviate the nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis model by reducing the chemotaxis of eosinophils in nasal mucosa and the content of IgE in serum. 
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    MicroRNA-193a regulating Wilms’tumor gene 1 to promote mouse podocyte apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy#br#
    GAO Fei ZHANG Xin-xin YANG Bing CHEN Su-zhi YANG Feng-wen TAN Miao TAN Jin-chuan
    2021, 52 (5):  728-736.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.009
    Abstract ( )   PDF (26635KB) ( )  
    Objective  To explore the effect of microRNA(miR)-193a on the apoptosis of mouse podocytes in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its mechanism.    Methods  The DN model was replicated by culturing podocytes with high glucose in vitro and intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) in mice in vivo The cells or 60 mice were randomly divided into normal control(NC) group, model control group, and miR-NC inhibitor group, miR-193a inhibitor group, miR-NC mimic group and miR-193a mimic group. Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL, Real-time PCR, Western blotting were used to examine the apoptosis of DN mice and mouse podocytes.    Results  The expression of Nephrin and Podocin in podocytes was weakened in DN mice and renal podocytes induced by high glucose, the apoptotic rate increased significantly, miR-193a was highly expressed, the levels of cleaved-Caspase-3 and Bax protein increased significantly, the level of Bcl-2 protein decreased significantly, and miR-193a inhibitor could improve this process. Wilms’tumor gene 1(WT1) mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly reduced in DN mice and podocytes cultured with high glucose. WT1 protein expression increased significantly after miR-193a inhibitor intervention, and WT1 protein expression was significantly reduced after miR-193a mimic transfection. Up-regulating WT1 could reduce the effect of miR-193a on the apoptosis of mouse podocytes induced by high glucose. The dual luciferase reporter experiment confirmed the targeting relationship between miR-193a and WT1.    Conclusion  MiR-193a down-regulates the expression of WT1 and promotes apoptosis of DN podocytes.
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    Histology,Embryology and Developmental Biology
    Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products inhibits myocardial fibrosis of ischemia/reperfusion mice
    CAO Xian-xian HAN Xue-jie WANG Hong-xia ZENG Xiang-jun GUO Cai-xia
    2021, 52 (5):  772-776.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.015
    Abstract ( )   PDF (7078KB) ( )  
    Objective  To investigate the effect of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) on inflammation in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) mice and its mechanism.    Methods  Myocardial I/R injury model was conducted by left anterior descending ligation for 30 minutes and reperfusion for 2 weeks in male C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks. The mice were randomly divided into four groups with five C57BL/6 mice in each group. The cardiac function was detected by echocardiography, the inflammatory cells infiltration was observed by HE staining, the myocardial fibrosis was detected by Masson and Sirius red staining, the expression of galectin-3 was detected by immunohistochemical staining.    Results  Compared with the sham group, the cardiac function decreased, the inflammatory cells infiltrated increased among the myocardial tissue, the percentage of myocardial fibrosis area increased, and the expression of  galectin-3 increased in I/R groups. After exogenous sRAGE treatment, the cardiac function of mice was significantly improved, the inflammatory cells infiltration decreased, the myocardial fibrosis area decreased, and the expression of galectin-3 decreased as well.    Conclusion  sRAGE may reduce inflammatory cells infiltration in mice heart by inhibiting the expression of galectin-3, and then alleviating myocardial fibrosis during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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    Effect of inhibition of heat shock protein Gp96 expression on alcoholic liver fibrosis in mice by CRISPR/Cas-9 technique
    ZHU Wen-feng LI San-qiang SONG Xiao-gai GUO Wei YANG Huan ZHANG Bing-bing
    2021, 52 (5):  777-783.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.016
    Abstract ( )   PDF (17973KB) ( )  
    Objective  To investigate the effects of heat shock protein Gp96 on alcoholic liver fibrosis in mice.    Methods  A total of 220 male healthy C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (n=10), saline+alcohol induced liver fibrosis group (n=70), the injection of CRISPR expression Gp96-sgRNA3 by tail vein+alcohol induced liver fibrosis group (n=70), the intraperitoneal injection of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) inhibitors PDTC+alcohol induced liver fibrosis group (n=70). The blood was got from eyeballs and the mice were killed after 8 weeks of ethanol induction. We detected the activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in mice of different groups. The pathological changes were detected by HE staining, sirius red staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining in the liver of mice. The expression of Gp96 and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)were detected by Western blotting.    Results  Compared with the normal control group, the AST enzyme activity and liver fibrosis increased significantly, glycogen decreased significantly in other three groups (P<0.01). Compared with the saline+alcohol group, the AST enzyme activity and liver fibrosis increased more significantly, glycogen decreased more significantly, Gp96 expression decreased significantly and TGF-β1 expression increased significantly in Gp96-sgRNA3+ alcohol group and NF-κB inhibitors PDTC+alcohol group (P<0.01 or P<0.05).    Conclusion  The injection of CRISPR expression plasmid Gp96-sgRNA3 by tail vein significantly inhibited the Gp96 expression, promoted the degree of alcoholic liver fibrosis in mice, and NF-κB signaling pathway played a certain role in regulating the expression of Gp96.
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    Morphometry of the capillary loop stage glomerulus in developing mice
    SONG Ke-xin ZHANG Jie WANG Kai-yue XING Jia FU Yuan-yuan DENG Si-qi ZOU Yu GU Ling ZHAI Xiao-yue
    2021, 52 (5):  784-788.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.017
    Abstract ( )   PDF (7411KB) ( )  
    Objective  To describe quantitatively the development of the capillary loop stage glomerulus (capG) with respect to the volume density of capillaries in the glomerulus based on the morphogenesis of the kidney.   Methods  The kidneys were obtained from mice at various developing time points and prepared for paraffin sections. The volume density of CD34 positive endothelial cells and surrounded capillary lumen in glomeruli was measured using a combination of immunohistochemical staining and the stereological grid system.    Results  The capG was divided into early, middle, and late phases, and middle phase capG was subdivided into early-middle and late-middle phases, according to the morphology of developing glomeruli and the arrangement of podocytes. As result, the volume density of capillary loops in early phase capG could not be measured due to the complex “glomerular” shape. The volume density of capillary loops increased from (35.95±6.45)% in the early-middle phase capG, to (58.36±6.30) % in the late-middle phase capG, and to (79.89±5.21) % in the late phase capG, compared to (93.61±1.96) % in the mature glomerulus. Furthermore, the volume density of capillary loops remained constant at same stage even though at different developmental time points.    Conclusion  This study demonstrated a significantly increased volume density of capillary loops with the kidney development. In addition, the results provide a descriptive and reliable parameter for the evaluation of glomerular development.
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    Three-dimensional visualization of the renal proximal tubules in developing mice
    CONG Jing GU Ling ZHANG Jie SONG Ke-xin ZHAI Xia-yue WANG Xiao-jie
    2021, 52 (5):  789-794.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.018
    Abstract ( )   PDF (6076KB) ( )  
    Objective  Adult proximal tubule (PT) is not only the segment most frequently involved in acute renal tubule injury, but also the easiest to repair. It may be consistent with the rapid growth and differentiation mechanism of this segment during the development of the kidney, while the developing information is insufficient. Therefore, we three-dimensional visualized the developing PT to analysis its spatiotemporal morphogenesis.    Methods  The kidneys were obtained from mice at various developing time point, embryonic day (E), postnatal day (P). The volume density of Claudin-2 positive PT in the cortex was measured using a stereological method  in paraffin sections. After image recording and alignment of the serial sections, the spatial courses of the developing PT were traced and visualized in three dimensions using computer-assisted program. The length of the developing PT was calculated at the same time.    Results  The volume density of PT in the cortex of P1 mice was significantly higher than that in the embryonic stage. Then it experienced a decline (P3, P5), an increase (start at P7) to a stable adult level (P28). The tubular tracing showed that the lengths of developing PT and the number of convolutions of their convoluted part increased with the maturation, but lower than that of adultin E14.5, E17.5 and P5 PT in E14.5 and E17.5 mice were similar to that of adult with respect to general spatial courses. They were, however, significantly different from adult in the initial direction of PT and the arrangement of the straight part of PT in the medullary rays. While, it was in P5 that the spatial pattern of some PT was gradually approaching to the adult model.    Conclusion  This study demonstrated that the development of PT was consistent with the kidney development in terms of its volume density in cortex, length and spatial course. It started at the S-shaped body, kept throughout the embryonic period and continued to postnatal, ended at kidney maturation (P28).
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    Effects of budesonide on proliferation and apoptosis of airway smooth muscle cells in asthmatic rats
    QI Yu-xin YANG Wen-ping LIU Shuang HAN Fan-jie WANG Hai-bin SU Xin-yun
    2021, 52 (5):  795-802.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.019
    Abstract ( )   PDF (10483KB) ( )  
    Objective  To investigate the effect of budesonide (BUD) inhalation on the proliferation and apoptosis of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in asthmatic rats and its molecular biological mechanism.    Methods  Totally 40 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, asthma model group, low (0.25 mg/kg) and high (2 mg/kg) BUD group . The rat asthma model was induced by ovalbumin (VOA) combined with aluminium hydroxide Gel sensitization stimulation. After sensitization, the intervention group inhaled different doses of BUD before stimulation. The related parameters of lung tissue and airway were measured and calculated by medical image analysis system, immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of type Ⅰ collagen(Col Ⅰ)and Col Ⅲ in rat airway smooth muscle (ASM), and the protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, phosphorylated ERK 1 and 2(p-ERK 1 / 2), p-p38 MAPK were detected by Western blotting. The proliferation activity of ASMCs was detected by MTT method , and the apoptosis rate of ASMCs was detected by flow cytometry.   Results  Compared with the control group, airway remodeling occurred in the asthmatic model group, and the airway wall thickness (WAt/Pbm), inner wall thickness (WAi/Pbm) and smooth muscle thickness (WAm/Pbm) increased, compared with the model group, the airway remodeling was inhibited in BUD intervention group, and the tracheal WAt/Pbm, WAi/Pbm and WAm/Pbm decreased in bud treatment group. BUD could decrease the proliferation activity of ASMCs, increase the apoptosis rate of ASMCs, inhibit the expression of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ, deregulate the expression of Bcl-2, upregulate the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 (all  P<0.05), and inhibit the activity of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK signal pathway.    Conclusion  BUD can inhibit the proliferation and the promote apoptosis of ASMCs in asthmatic rats, which may be related to the inhibition of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK signal pathways.
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    Bibliometrics
    Research status and hotspot analysis of body donation based on CNKI and Web of Science Core Collection Database
    LIU Run-zhu TANG Ke-yun LEI Shu-bin LI Xian-mei ZHANG Han-lin MA Chao
    2021, 52 (5):  827-833.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.024
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1269KB) ( )  
    Objective  To provide references by analyzing the history, hotspot, and trend of the research in body donation.    Methods  CiteSpace software was used to conduct a co-occurrence network analysis. Totally 196 articles in CNKI database and 114 articles in Web of Science Core Collection Database were included.    Results  The number of articles in China increased in recent years. “Political and legal organizations” and “medical schools and departments” were main research institutions. “Death”, “donation attitude”, “ethics”, and “humanity educations” were new emerging research directions in recent years. National studies of body donation were mainly conducted by USA and New Zealand, while most institutions were universities. High frequency keywords were “dissection”, “cadaver”, “anatomy”   Conclusion  Research in body donation in China shows a trend of increasing depth and diversity, while most research still lacks innovation and cooperation compared to national studies, especially studies in legislation and human ethics of body donation.
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    Anatomy
    Morphological classification and clinical significance of inferior angle of scapula based on CT three-dimensional reconstruction
    HU Ding-xiang LI Chang-hui CHEN Liang MA Chen-xi HUANG He ZHENG Rui-qing
    2021, 52 (5):  767-771.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.014
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3074KB) ( )  
    Objective  To research the morphological classification of inferior angle of scapula based on CT 3D reconstruction and its clinical significance.    Methods  A total of 290 scapular bones data were collected from People’s Hospital of Lu Xian County and measured based on CT 3D reconstruction.The scapular bones images were reconstructed by CT 3D technique.Reference points: g was the inferior scapular angle, n was the inferior glenotubular nodule, m was the intersection of the scapular ganglion and the medial edge of the scapula, k was the upper scapular angle, r was the notch of the scapular glenoid, h was the intersection of point g to mr. The parameters of inferior angles of 290 scapular bones, including the thickness of point g (the thickest part of inferior angle of the scapula), the length of the line gn, line gm, and line gh, and the angle of ∠ngm, ∠gmk (the projection of the scapular coronal plane), and ∠gmk’(the projection of the scapular sagittal plane) were observed and measured by CT 3D technique.    Results  Under the CT three-dimensional reconstruction, the inferior angle of scapula was classified into three types: accessory angle-type (175, 60.34%), U-type (81, 27.93%) and V-type (34, 11.73%). In addition, there was a significant difference between the auxiliary angle type and the Ⅴ type on the thickest part of the g point and gn (P<0.05); U-type and V-type with paragonal gm-significant difference (P<0.05); There was a significant difference between the auxiliary angle type and the U shape on gh (P<0.05); there was a significant difference between the auxiliary angle type and the U shape on ∠gmk’ (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the inferior angle of the bilateral scapula on mngm (P<0.05).    Conclusion  Based on the result  of CT three-dimensional reconstruction, the inferior angle of scapulae have three anatomical types, with the accessory angle-type as the main type, and the morphology and classification of it are of certain clinical implication.
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    Anthropology
    Regional differences of anthropometric traits in Han population
    WU Jia-zi SUN Chang WEN Sha-qing TAN Jing-ze
    2021, 52 (5):  803-811.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.020
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4570KB) ( )  
    Objective  To explore the regional differences of body anthropometric traits in the Han population.    Methods  From 2015 to 2019, thirty-one body anthropometric traits of three Han ethnic groups were measured from Nanning (Guangxi), Zhengzhou (He’nan), and Taizhou (Jiangsu). The gender and regional difference analysis of each trait, and the correlation analysis between age and traits were carried out. Based on the principal component analysis of individual data of body phenotypic traits, the traits with significant regional difference were extracted to finely describe the physical characteristics of the Han peoplpe in the three regions.    Results  Most of the anthropometric traits of the three Han populations were statistically different in gender and region, and there was a positive or negative correlation between certain traits and age. The result  of principal component analysis based on individual data showed that there were obvious regional differences in body anthropometric traits of the Han people. The difference between the Han Chinese in Guangxi (south of the Yangtze River) with He’nan (north of the Huaihe River) and Jiangsu was relatively large, and difference was relatively small between He’nan and Jiangsu Han Chinese. Meanwhile the Han Chinese in Jiangsu had its own characteristics in part of the phenotypic traits, which could be distinguished from the Han Chinese in He’nan.    Conclusion  The research on the body anthropometric traits confirmed that there were significant regional differences in Han population, and suggested that the Yangtze River might be the largest geographic barrier for the population migration and genetic exchange between the north and south population.
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    Relationship between body composition of Zhuang-Dong ethnic groups and natural geographical factors
    ZHU Na LI Yong-lan YU Hui-xin
    2021, 52 (5):  812-816.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.021
    Abstract ( )   PDF (885KB) ( )  
    Objective To discuss the law of the change of body composition of Zhuang-Dong ethnic groups with the change of natural geographical factors(longitude, latitude, annual average temperature and annual average sunshine).    Methods  The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure the body composition data of 5098 cases of 13 ethnic groups of ZhuangDong group in China. At the same time, collect the relevant data of longitude, latitude, annual average temperature and annual average sunshine of 13 ethnic groups, and use per capita disposable income as a control variable to perform partial correlation analysis about body composition with longitude, latitude, annual average temperature, and annual average illumination.    Results  Zhuang-Dong group fat rate decreased and little change in muscle mass, presumption of bone mass, and water content with the increase of longitude. With the increase of latitude, the fat rate of males in the Zhuang-Dong ethnic group decreasesd, muscle mass increased (mainly muscles in the extremities), female fat rate increased, and muscle mass decreased (mainly in upper limbs and trunk muscles).In general, with the increase of the average annual temperature, the fat rate of males in Zhuang and Dong ethnic groups increased, lower limb muscles decreased, female fat rate decreased, and muscle mass increased. With the increase of the average annual sunshine, the body fat rate of men increased and the muscle mass decreased; the body fat rate of women decreased and the muscle mass increased.    Conclusion  Natural geographical factors (longitude, latitude, annual average temperature, and average annual sunshine) have significant effects on the body composition of the Zhuang-Dong ethnic group.
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    Heath-Carter anthropometry on the somatotypes of Hui adolescents in Nanyang area
    HU Qing-ru XU Guo-chang XU Fei YANG Mu-yu LIU Rong-zhi WANG Qing
    2021, 52 (5):  817-821.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.022
    Abstract ( )   PDF (888KB) ( )  
    Objective  To explore the characteristics and regularity of somatotype development of Hui adolescents in Nanyang area.    Methods  The Heath-Carter body type method  was used to evaluate the body type of 1357 Hui adolescents in Nanyang area. 
      Results  The height and weight of adolescents aged 7-18 increased with age. Except for the 8-year-old group, the body fat rate of girls in other age groups was greater than that of boys. The average somatotype of Hui boys in Nanyang area was mesomorphic endomorph (5.3-4. 0-3.4), while the average somatotype of Hui girls was ectomorphic endomorph (5.0-2.5-3.3). Both boys and girls were endomorph mainly (boys 40.0%, girls 29.0%). Except for the 17-year-old group, in terms of endomorphy, boys was greater than that of girls in other age groups; as for mesomorphy, boys was greater than that of girls in all age groups; as far as ectomorphy was concerned, girls was greater than boys in the 7-13 years old groups, and in the14-18 years old groups boys was greater than girls.    Conclusion  The Hui girls in Nanyang area are thinner and less subcutaneous fat than the boys. Compared with the girls, the Hui boys’ bodies have higher linear shape and more fullness. The Hui adolescents in Nanyang area have more body fat, which may be related to their unreasonable diet and living habits.
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    Influence of fat and muscle on sit-ups in female college students
    HUANG Bin-bin HUANG Liqian SHU Wen-bo WANG Ze-rong YANG Ya-zhu TANG Cheng WU Hua-qian CHEN Run LI Qiao-li LIU Peng
    2021, 52 (5):  822-826.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.023
    Abstract ( )   PDF (896KB) ( )  
    Objective  To explore the influence of muscle and fat distribution on sit-up ability of female college students.   Methods  A total of 1560 female students majoring in non-physical education in a Guangxi University were randomly selected. Body composition was measured by the bioresistance antibody component meter. According to the National Physical Health Test Standard, the height, weight and sit-ups of female college students were measured. The students were divided into four groups according to the score of sit-ups:<60 points,60-69 points,70-79 points, ≥80 points. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data.    Results  There were statistically significant differences in body fat rate, total fat mass, trunk fat mass, trunk fat rate, visceral fat area, visceral fat mass and subcutaneous fat mass in different sit-ups (F value were 3.414, 2.914, 2.881, 3.347, 3.064, 3.235, 2.766,  P<0.05). That was, the fat parameters in the 60-69 group were the highest and ≥80 the lowest. However, there was no significant difference between total muscle mass and trunk muscle mass in each score segment. After correcting for age, height, and weight factors, except for visceral fat area and visceral fat mass, the correlation between other fat parameters and sit-up score were negatively correlated, which were statistically significant (r<0, P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between each muscle parameter and sit-up performance (r>0, P<0.05). Compared with other parameters, the correlation coefficient between trunk muscle mass and sit-ups was the largest.    Conclusion  The distribution of fat and muscle has different effects on sit-up ability. Female college students’sit-up ability is greatly affected by subcutaneous fat and trunk muscle, and has nothing to do with visceral fat.
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    Neurobiology
    Judging the degree of brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia in living neonatal mice in the early stage
    YAN Lin ZHANG Ru-qiu HUA Hai-rong WANG Qian ZENG Xiang-fei LI Juan-juan JIANG Ping LI Fan
    2021, 52 (5):  675-680.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.001
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2585KB) ( )  
    Objective  To explore the method  of distinguishing the degree of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in living mice in early stage, so as to lay a foundation for the follow-up study of the molecular mechanism of different degrees of HIBD.    Methods  The modified Rice-Vannucci method  was used to duplicate the HIBD model of C57BL/6 J mice. On the 1 day and 3 days after the model, the scalp of mice were cut and the brain tissue were observed to distinguish between mild and severe lesions in living mice, and then 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, laser speckle cerebral blood flow imaging, HE staining, Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining and body weight difference before and after operation were used to verify the reliability of observation in living mice.
      Results  Through the gross observation of brain tissue in living mice, HIBD could be divided into mild injury (HI-M) group and severe injury (HI-S) group. On day 1 and day 3 after HIBD, a significant decrease in cerebral blood flow, obvious gray infarction and a large number of necrotic neurons were observed in the HI-S group, and the body weight was significantly lower than that before operation. In the HI-M group, the cerebral blood flow of the injured side decreased only on the 3rd day after HIBD, and the loose arrangement of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of the injured side was observed morphologically. The body weight was lower than that before operation.    Conclusion  Gross observation of brain tissue by cutting the scalp is a reliable method  to distinguish mild and severe brain injury in the early stage of HIBD in living mice.
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    Dexmedetomidine alleviates formaldehyde induced pain by inhibiting astrocytes activation in spinal cord
    ZENG Xue-qing YANG Bin ZHOU Xin YUAN Jing XIE Zhi-yan LI Wei WAN Wei LIU Zhi-wen CAO Wen-yu
    2021, 52 (5):  681-685.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.002
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2855KB) ( )  
    Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine(DEX)on formaldehyde-induced acute inflammatory pain.    Methods  Thirty female ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups, including normal saline control (NS) group, formaldehyde(F)group and dexmedetomidine + formaldehyde (DEX+F) group. 0.1% formaldehyde solution was injected into subcutaneous tissue of mice right hind paw to establish acute inflammatory pain model. An hour before formalin injection, mice were intraperitoneal injected with DEX in DEX+F group, and mice were intraperitoneal injected with equal volume saline in NS group and F group. The expression of spinal cord glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is a astrocytes marker, was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.    Results  Spontaneous pain score showed that compared with the NS group, the F group had typical biphasic pain response; while compared with the F group, the DEX+F group showed a significant decrease in the first (P<0.001) and second phase pain (P<0.001). Immunohistochemical result  showed that compared with the NS group, the F group had an increase number of GFAP positive cells in the posterior horn of the spinal cord (P<0.001). However, the DEX+F group showed a decrease number of GFAP positive cells in the posterior horn of spinal cord compared with the F group (P<0.001). Western blotting result  showed that compared with the NS group, the F group had increased expression of GFAP in the spinal cord (P<0.05). Compared with the F group, the DEX+F group showed decreased GFAP expression in the spinal cord (P<0.05).    Conclusion  DEX may improve formaldehyde-induced acute inflammatory pain in mice by inhibiting the activation of astrocytes in the spinal cord.
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    Voluntary wheel running prevents the formaldehyde induced negativeemotion through up-regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis in mice#br#
    LI Wei ZHOU Xin XIE Zhi-yan ZHANG Tian-le YANG Hui CAO Wen-yu LIU Zhi-wen ZENG Jia-yu
    2021, 52 (5):  686-691.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.003
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2601KB) ( )  
    Objective  To investigate the effect of voluntary wheel running on negative affective of mice induced by formaldehyde.    Methods  Thirty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into three groups, including normal saline control group (NS), formaldehyde model group (F), and voluntary wheel running with formaldehyde injection group (R+F). The pain model was established by right hindpaw intraplantar formalin injection, the mice of R+F group experienced voluntary wheel running for three weeks before intraplantar formaldehyde injection. The spontaneous pain behavior was determined by the cumulative time of licking paw. The anxiety-like behavior of each group was determined by open field test (OFT) and elevated plus-maze test (EPM) while the depression-like behavior of each group was determined by forced swimming test (FST). The expression of doublecortin(DCX)in the hippocampus was determined by immunohistochemistry.    Results  Compared with the NS group, the typical two-phase pain response was observed in the F group, and compared with the F group,the second phase pain duration was significantly reduced in the R+F group (P<0.01).  In the open field test, the F group showed remarkably reduced time in the inner area(P<0.001) compared with the NS group, while the R+F group increased time in the inner area (P<0.05) compared with the F group. In the elevated plus-maze test, the F group showed remarkably reduced time (P<0.001)spent in the open arm compared with the NS group,however,compared with the F group, R+F group increased time spent in the open arm (P<0.05). In the forced swimming test, the immobility time of the F group significant increased (P<0.01) compared with the NS group, which was decreased in the R+F group (P<0.05). The Immunohistochemistry showed that the area of DCX positive cells in the hippocampus of the F group was downregulated compared with the NS group, which was upregulated in the R+F group.    Conclusion  Our findings indicate that voluntary wheel running can improve anxiety and depression-like in mice induced by formaldehyde injection, which may be related to enhanced neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
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    Gray matter abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder by voxel-based morphometry research#br#
    LI Ruo-chuan TANG Jie YANG Yong-feng FAN Ling-zhong ZHANG Hai-dong
    2021, 52 (5):  692-697.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.004
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2391KB) ( )  
    Objective  To investigate the abnormalities of gray matter volume in obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) patients relative to controls using the method  of voxel-based morphometry(VBM), and to analyze the extent of change relative to clinical symptom.    Methods  Using VBM to compare the MRI images of 31 adult OCD patients with 31 healthy controls. Correlation analyses were conducted between the structural abnormalities of gray matter volume in each brain area among patients relative to their clinical scores.    Results  Compared with the healthy controls, the OCD patients showed reductions of gray matter volume in left putamen, insula, premotor area, superior parietal and right angular gyrus (P<0.01,Alphasim corrected). The gray matter volumes of left putamen and insular in the OCD patients showed a negative correlation with the Beck anxiety inventory(BAI) scores.    Conclusion  The changes in gray matter volumes of left putamen, insula, premotor area, superior parietal lobule and right angular gyrus may be related to the pathogenesis of OCD. The declines of left putamen and insula are related to the abnormal anxiety in the OCD patients.
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    Relationship between DEAD-box helicase 5, transcription factor 12 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis#br#
    LIN Bao-yong XU Jin-chao YING Han-tao JIANG Xin LIU Huan-cai WANG Qing WANG Qiao-zhen CHEN Yan-chun
    2021, 52 (5):  698-705.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.005
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3636KB) ( )  
    Objective  To explore the relationship between the expression of DEAO-box helicase 5(DDX5) and transcription factor 12(TCF12) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) hippocampal lesions by detecting the expressions and the interaction of DDX5 and TCF12 in the hippocampus of SOD1-G93A mutant ALS transgenic mice.    Methods  Forty-two pairs of SOD1-G93A mutant ALS transgenic mice and wild-type mice were divided into three groups at the age of 95 days (early onset stage), 108 days (middle onset stage) and 122 days (late onset stage). RT-PCR, Western blotting and double immunofluorescence labeled technique were used to detect the expressions of DDX5 and TCF12 in the hippocampus. Co-immunoprecipitation assasy was used to detect the interaction between DDX5 and TCF12.    Results  Compared with the wild-type mice of the same age, DDX5 and TCF12 mRNA in the hippocampus of SOD1-G93A mutant ALS transgenic mice were unchanged, but DDX5 and TCF12 protein were up-regulated significantly at day 95, 108 and 122. DDX5 and TCF12 positive cells were found in both DG area and hippocampus proper, and DDX5 and TCF12 were co-localized with neurons. The immunoreactivities of DDX5 and TCF12 in the hippocampus of SOD1-G93A mutant transgenic mice were elevated compared with wild-type mice at the same time point. Co-immunoprecipitation assasys confirmed that there existed interactions between DDX5 and TCF12 protein.    Conclusion  DDX5 and TCF12 protein are up-regulated in the hippocampal tissues of SOD1-G93A mutant ALS transgenic mice. The abnormal expressions of DDX5 and TCF12 are involved in the hippocampal lesions of ALS.
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    Histone deacetylase 3 inhibitor ameliorates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in PC12 cells by reducing oxidative#br#
    LEI Lei LU Xuan YANG Jing-song YOU Yu-zhen MEI Yan
    2021, 52 (5):  706-711.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.05.006
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2731KB) ( )  
    Objective  To investigate the role of histone deacetylase 3(HDAC3)inhibitor (HDAC3I) in hypoxia-reoxygenation(H/R) injury of PC12 cells.    Methods  H/R cell injury model was established by using PC12 cells for 4 hours hypoxia and then reoxygenation for 24 hours. HDAC3I treatment group was pretreated with RGFP966 for 1 hour and then subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. The experiment was divided into three groups: normal control group, model group and HDAC3I treatment group, and 3 repetitions for each group. Cell viability was determined using MTT. Cellulose dehydrogenase (LDH) was detected by colorimetry. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined by xanthine oxidase method . The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method . Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved-Caspase-3 and HDAC3 proteins.    Results  Compared with the control group, the cell viability of the model group and HDAC3I treatment group  decreased significantly  (P<0.05), and the cell LDH (P<0.05) and apoptosis (P<0.05) increased significantly. The cell viability of HDAC3I treatment group was significantly higher than that of the model group (P<0.05), while the LDH (P<0.05) and apoptosis of HDAC3I treatment group were lower than the model group (P<0.05). In addition, compared with the control group, the ROS and MDA (P<0.05) of the model group and the HDAC3I treatment group increased significantly, and the SOD decreased significantly (P<0.05). ROS and MDA in the HDAC3I treatment group (P<0.05) were significantly lower than the model group, while the SOD level was higher than the model group (P<0.05). Western blotting analysis showed that compared with the control group, Bax and cleaved-Caspase-3 in the model group and HDAC3I treatment group increased significantly, and Bcl-2 decreased  significantly (P<0.05). The Bax and cleaved-Caspase-3 in the HDAC3I treatment group were significantly lower than the model group, and Bcl-2 was significantly higher than the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of HDAC3 protein in the model group increased significantly (P<0.05), while the HDAC3 protein in the HDAC3I treatment group decreased significantly (P<0.05).    Conclusion  HDAC3I reduces PC12 cell apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation by reducing oxidative stress.
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