Objective To investigate the expression and role of roundabout guidance receptor 1 (Robo1) in the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) induced by valproate (VPA).   Methods The hippocampus NSCs of SD rats were isolated and cultured. Normal NSCs and VPA-treated NSCs were extracted from 10 SD rats. After VPA treatment, the proportion of neuron-specific marker β-tubulin Ⅲ (Tuj1) positive neurons differentiated from NSCs were detected by immunofluorescence. The differentially expressed mRNA in normal NSCs and VPA-induced NSCs were detected by gene chip technology. After VPA treatment, the expression levels of Robo1 mRNA and protein were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting. The dynamic changes of Robo1 mRNA were detected by Real-time PCR after the differentiation of NSCs. After the expression of Robo1 was down-regulated in NSCs by small interfering RNA, the expression of Robo1 protein was detected by Western blotting, and the expression levels of neuron-specific markers Tuj1 and microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2) were detected by Real-time PCR and immunofluorescence.   Results VPA induced NSCs to differentiate into neurons. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of Robo1 mRNA and protein in the differentiation of NSCs were significantly up-regulated during valproate treatment. After interference of Robo1 expression, not only Robo1 upregulation was inhibited during the differentiation of NSCs induced by VPA, but also the proportion of NSCs differentiated into neurons decreased.   Conclusion VPA may promote the differentiation of NSCs into neurons by up-regulating the expression of Robo1.

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of estradiol (E2) regulating sortilin-related receptor A (SorLA) expression on hippocampal spine density and synaptic protein expression of mouse.   Methods Thirty-two C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into sham group, ovariectomized(OVX) group, OVX+E2 group, and OVX+fulvestrant(Fu)+E2 group; The SorLA expression in hippocampal CA1 region of mouse was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Forty C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into sham+NC-sgRNA group, OVX+NC-sgRNA group, OVX+NC-sgRNA+E2 group, and OVX+sortilin-related receptor 1(Sorl1)-sgRNA+E2; the spine density in hippocampal CA1 region was detected by Golgi-Cox staining and the postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and synapsin-1 (SYN1) expression in hippocampal CA1 region were detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining.   Results Compared with the sham group, the SorLA expression in OVX group and OVX+Fu+E2 group decreased significantly (P<0.05), but OVX+E2group had no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with the sham+NC-sgRNA group, the density of dendritic spines, and the PSD-95, SYN1 expression of OVX+NC-sgRNA group and OVX+Sorl1-sgRNA+E2 group decreased significantly (P<0.05), but OVX+NC-sgRNA+E2 group had no significant difference (P>0-05).   Conclusion E2 may upregulate SorLA expression through estrogen receptor and then promote the hippocampal spine density and synaptic protein expression of mouse.

Objective To explore the feasibility and accuracy of sex determination by morphology of the distal humerus in North China population.   Methods Observing sexually dimorphic differences of olecranon fossa shape, trochlear symmetry, trochlear constriction and angle of medial epicondyle. Each characteristic was divided into three categories: male, unknown and female. The morphological characteristics of the humerus of 70 individuals (35 males and 35 females) from the Ming and Qing Dynasties in North China were counted to compare the occurrence rate of different categories of distal humeral morphology and the accuracy rate of sex determination.   Results There were statistically significant differences in the performance of the four traits of the distal humerus between males and females. The accuracy rate of angle of medial epicondyle was the highest at 76%, while the lowest accuracy rate of trochlear constriction was only 52%. The accuracy of the combined four traits was higher than the single ones, with an accuracy rate of 76% (83% for males and 68% for females).   Conclusion Distal humerus morphology can be used to determine sex when skulls and pelvis are absent.

The basic structure of the nervous system is neurons and the connections formed by nerve fibers. Identifying different types of neurons in different parts of the nervous system, revealing the efferent and afferent nerve fibers they constitute, and elucidating the neuroactive substances and receptors involved, provide the basis for the regulation of neuronal activity and the uncovering of how the nervous system works. It is also the goal of neuroanatomy research. The rapid development of modern science and technology and interdisciplinary penetration require us to conduct in-depth neuroanatomy studies on specific neural pathways composed of specific types of neurons using specific neuroactive substances for specific neural functions. This also provides a good opportunity for us to clarify the structure of nervous system and analyze its working principle from macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic levels. 

Objective To establish an inflammation model by stimulating BV2 microglia by lipopolysaccharide, and to explore the regulation effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on inflammation by activating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ(PPARγ) receptor protein.  Methods BV2 microglia were randomly divided into control group, model group, ginsenoside Rg1 group, rosiglitazone group and GW9662 group. The control group did not do any treatment, the model group was treated with 1 mg/L lipopolysaccharide, and the other groups were treated with lipopolysaccharide added with 0.4mmol/L ginsenoside Rg1, 10 μmol/L rosiglitazone or 10 μmol/L respectively. GW9662. The proliferation of BV2 microglia in each group was detected by CCK-8 method; PPAR-γ, phospho-NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65), induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and human arginase 1(ARG-1) proteins. ELISA was used to detect the inflammatory factors interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8) and the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).   Results Compared with the control group, the cell proliferation rate in the model group was significantly increased, and the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α increased significantly. The results of immunofluorescence and Western blotting showed that iNOS and p-NF-κB p65 increased significantly, and the positive expressions of PPARγ and ARG-1 decreased significantly(both P＜0.01). The expression level of TNF-α decreased, the positive expressions of iNOS and p-NF-κB p65 decreased significantly, and the positive expressions of PPARγ and ARG-1 increased significantly(all P＜0.01).   Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits the inflammatory response of BV2 microglia after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of PPARγ/NF-κB pathway to promote the M2-type polarization of microglia.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the Han, Zhuang and the world populations by comparing the frequency of dental non-metric traits.   Methods From 2015 to 2019, ten dental non-metric traits were sampled from He’nan, Jiangsu and Guangxi Zhuang Autonmous Region, with sample size of 1785(674 He’nan, 547 Jiangsu, 388 Guangxi Han, 176 Guangxi Zhuang). Principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling and neighbor network were carried out.   Results East Asian populations could be clearly divided into two major groups, Northeast Asian and Southeast Asian. Han and Zhuang populations were close to the Northeast Asian populations, but were far from the Southeast Asian populations. There were also some north-south differences within Han populations.   Conclusion Both Sundadonty and Sinodonty are existed in East Asian populations. Han and Zhuang populations dental non-metric traits are closer to the Sinodonty.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced Parkinson’s disease in  mice and the effect on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and Caspase-1.   Methods Totally 36 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, PD group and PD+sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS) group, with 12 mice in each group. PD group was intraperitoneally injected with MPTP (30 mg/kg), once a day, for 7 consecutive days to induce Parkinson’s disease mouse model. PD+NaHS group was intraperitoneally injected with 5.6 mg/kg NaHS(donors of H₂S) 30 minutes before modeling，and control group was given the same amount of normal saline. The behavioral changes of mice were evaluated by tremor paralysis score and suspension test, and the morphological changes of neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) were observed by HE staining. The expressions of tyrosine hydrogenase (TH), MMP-9 and Caspase-1 in the SN were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.   Results Compared with the control group, the score of tremor paralysis in PD group increased (P<0.05), and the score of suspension test decreased (P<0.05). Under the light microscope, the number of neurons in the SN decreased significantly, and the arrangement was disordered. The number of TH positive cells and TH protein expression in the SN decreased (P<0.05), while the number of MMP-9 and Caspase-1 positive cells and the expression levels of MMP-9 and Caspase-1 increased (P<0.05). Compared with the PD group, the tremor paralysis score in PD+NaHS group decreased (P<0.05), the suspension test score increased (P<0.05), and the number of neurons in the SN increased significantly. The number of TH positive cells and TH protein expression levels in the SN increased (P<0.05), while the number of MMP-9 and Caspase-1 positive cells and the expression levels of MMP-9 and Caspase-1 decreased (P<0.05).   Conclusion Exogenous hydrogen sulfide has a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons in the SN of PD mice, which might be related to the inhibition of MMP-9 and Caspase-1 mediated neuroinflammatory response.

Objective To investigate the effects of glucose and serum deprivation under hypoxia（GSDH）treatment on oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), so to provide an experimental support for improving the therapeutic efficacy of BMSCs.   Methods The cell injury model was established by hypoxia (1% O2), hypoglycemia (1.0 g/L) and serum deprivation in vitro with extracted and purified rat primary BMSCs. The proliferation ability of BMSCs was detected by colony formation assay, cell cycle assay and CCK-8 assay; the migration ability was observed by wound healing assay and Transwell assay; BMSCs apoptosis was detected by apoptosis assay kit(AnnexinV-FITC/PI), mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit(JC-1) staining and mitochondrial fluorescence probe(Mito-Tracker) staining; Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium ion were used to detect the levels of cellular oxidative stress; Western blotting was conducted to measure the expression level of anti-oxidative stress-related protein glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) and the key protein expression of nuclear factor erthroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) pathway.   Results Rat primary BMSCs highly expressed CD29 and CD71 and lowly expressed CD45 and CD34; GSDH treatment inhibited cell proliferation (P<0.05) and migration (P<0.05)  of BMSCs, increased ROS and calcium ion levels (P<0.05), and suppressed the protein expression of anti-oxidative stress-related protein GPX4 and GCLC (P<0.01); compared with the blank control group, the apoptosis of BMSCs was significantly increased after GSDH treatment (P<0.05) and the mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.01) and network size (P<0.01) was reduced. The expression levels of Nrf2 protein as well as the downstream key proteins in the Nrf2 signaling pathway were decreased (P<0.05).   Conclusion The oxidative stress and the further apoptotic damage induced by GSDH treatment in BMSCs are related to the inhibition of Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Objective To observe the effects of 4-week low intensity treadmill exercise on the learning and memory, amino acid levels and the protein expression of protein kinase A(PKA), cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein(CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the vascular dementia (VD) rats.   Methods Thirty-nine SD rats were randomly allocated to 3 groups, sham group (sham, n=13), vascular dementia group (VD, n=13) and vascular dementia treaded with exercise group (VD+EX, n=13). Chronic cerebral ischemia model in VD group and VD+EX group rats were established by permanent ligation of bilateral, then VD+EX group rats were submitted to 4-week low intensity treadmill exercise. After exercise, spatial learning and memory ability were evaluated by Morris water maze test (MWM), glutamic (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the PFC were measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC); the protein expression of PKA, CREB and BDNF in the PFC of rats were detected by Western blotting.   Results The result  of the MWM showed the average escape latency of rats in the VD group on the 1-5 days was significantly higer than sham group, the time to first find the original platform was significantly prolonged and the platform crossings decreased significantly(P<0.01). The average escape latency of rats treated with four-week low intensity treadmill exercise on the 1-5 days was significantly lower than VD group, the time to first find the original platform was significantly shortened and the platform crossings  increased  significantly(P<0.01). HPLC and Western blotting detection showed that the levels of Glu and GABA and the protein expression of PKA, CREB and BDNF in the PFC decreased significantly in VD group rats when compared with sham group (P<0.01). Glu level and the protein expression of PKA, CREB and BDNF in the PFC of rats increased significantly(P<0.05) in VD+EX group rats when compared with VD group rats, but GABA level was not significant difference (P>0.05) between the two groups.   Conclusion Four-week low-intensity running exercise improves the learning and memory ability of VD rats through enhancing the Glu level and activating PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling in the PFC of rats.

Objective To study the effects of pranlinide on cognitive behavior, β amyloid(Aβ) protein 6E10, inflammatory factors and neuronal cell morphology in brain and retina of 5×FAD mice and WT mice.   Methods Thirty two 5×FAD mice and 16 WT mice were selected. All were female 5×FAD mice were randomly divided into blank group and treatment group; No treatment was given in WT group. Blank group was intraperitoneally injected with PBS; treatment group was received intraperitoneal injection of pranlinide once a day for 8 weeks. The changes of cognitive ability were measured by Morris water maze test. The expression of Aβ6E10 protein in mice hippocampal cells and retina was detected by immunohistochemistry. Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The same method  was also used for interleukin-1β(IL-1β) detection (the content of inflammatory factors). The arrangement and morphology of nerve cells in mouse hippocampal tissue were determined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.   Results  The latency time of treatment group was shorter than that of 5×FAD group，and the times of crossing the platform and the percentage of target quadrant stay in the treatment group were higher than those in the 5×FAD group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the retinal area and the brain area of Aβ6E10 in the 5×FAD group and in the treatment group, the content was halved (P<0.05). There was positive correlation between Aβ6E10 in retina and brain (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in TNF-α and IL-1β in brain and retina between treatment group and 5×FAD group (P>0.05). Compared with the 5×FAD group, the nerve cells in the treatment group were arramged in order and clear relatively. The distribution of glial cells was concentrated; The surrounding clearance was small.   Conclusion Pranlinide can improve the cognitive ability of mice. The arrangement of nerve cells is regular, the shape is regular and the boundary is clear; The distribution of glial cells is concentrated; Surrounding of clearance decrease. Aβ6E10 is synchronized in brain and retina.

Objective  To explore the range of normal female pelvic diameter lines in Tibetan nationality.    Methods  The subjects were Tibetan nationality female who underwent pelvic CT examination in the Radiology Department from January 2016 to December 2019 at the General Hospital of the Tibet Military Region of PLA. Ninty-six samples between the ages of 22 and 65 years, with an average age (46.06±11.42)years were recruited. Mimics 19.0 software was used to construct the digital three-dimensional model of pelvis, and to measure transverse diameter(TD), obstetric conjugate(OC), interspinous distance(ISD), sagittal midpelvic diameter(SMD), intertuberous distance(ITD), sagittal outlet diameter(SOD),diagonal conjugate diameter(DCD),sacrum length(SL), penal height(PH).Analysis of variance was used to compare different age groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between age and pelvic diameter.    Results  The linear measurement of TD was (132.08±6.15) mm, OC was (112.44±9.43) mm, ISD was (107.30±8.70), SMD was (129.06±7.73) mm, ITD was (123.02±12.08) mm, SOD was (118.80±8.87) mm, DCD was (127.49±9.80) mm, SL was (102.56±10.88) mm and PH was (36.57±4.57) mm.Cluster analysis showed that Lhasa Tibetans were closest to Uygurs.    Conclusion  The close clustering relationship between Tibetans and Uygurs in Lhasa suggests that there is a possibility of gene exchange between Tibetans and Uygurs in Hotan area in ancient times. The pelvic diameter of Tibetan women in Lhasa has changed significantly. Narrower OC, SL and PH make the pelvis flat, which is more and more detrimental to natural childbirth.

Objective To investigate the effect of 6-gingerol treatment on cognitive behavior after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIE) in neonatal mice, and to explore the protective mechanism of 6- gingerol on HIE brain injury in neonatal mice by observing the effects on neuronal survival and neural stem cell proliferation.   Methods The right common carotid artery was ligated in Kunming mice（78）on the 7th day after birth and HIE model was established after 90 minutes of hypoxic treatment.  6-gingerol was injected intraperitoneally. The cognitive behavior was detected by Morris water maze test; 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining was used to observe the changes of brain injury; The changes of synaptic structure and number were obseved by transmission electron microscopy; HE staining, Nissl staining and dihydroethidium(DHE) staining were used to observe the pathomorphological changes of hippocampus in each group; The proliferation of neural stem cells and the expression of related transcription factors were detected by immunofluorescence and Real-time PCR; The changes of Akt signal pathway were detected by Western blotting.   Results 6-gingerol treatment could improve the long-term learning and memory ability, reduce the brain injury and brain edema of neonatal mice after HIE, and improve synaptic plasticity of mice after HIE. In the 6-gingerol treatment group, the disorder of hippocampal cells in the diseased side of HIE was improved, the number of necrotic cells decreased, the proliferation ability of hippocampal neural stem cells and the expression levels of nestin and sex determining region box transcription factor 2(Sox2) related transcription factors increased significantly, and the level of phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt) increased.     Conclusion It  is found that 6-gingerol can improve the learning and memory ability of HIE mice in adulthood and reduce brain tissue injury after HIE. 6-gingerol may play a role in inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), reducing neuronal injury and upregulating the expression of Akt signal pathway, promoting the proliferation of hippocampal neural stem cells, so as to provide potential drugs for the treatment of neonatal HIE.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of endurance exercise and intermittent cold stimulation on brown adipose tissue activity and white adipose tissue browning in obese rats.   Methods Totally 52 SD male obese rats were divided into normothermic control group (NC group)，intermittent cold stimulation group (IC group)，endurance exercise group (EE group) and endurance exercise combined with intermittent cold stimulation group (EI group),13 pieces per group. The ambient temperature of the normothermic control group was 24-26℃；The exercise group used animal running table exercise with a running speed of 20 m/min and a slope of 0°，50 minutes per exercise，exercise 2 times with 20 minutes interval; The cold stimulation group was exposed to an ambient temperature of 4℃ for 4 hours （in the cold storage）, and stimulated 6 days per week for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of continuous stimulation, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was applied to detect the metabolism of interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) in rats. Weighting，measuring body length，sampling tissue and collecting blood samples were detected the four lipids. The expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)，vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGF-A)，p38 MAPK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1α) in interscapular brown adipose tissue and inguinal white adipose tissue of rats were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.   Results The body weight，serum total cholesterol （CHOL），triglyceride（TG）and  low density lipoprotein （LDL）of IC，EE and EI groups decreased significantly. PET/CT showed that, in BAT，SUVmax increased significantly in IC，EE and EI groups；In iWAT，maximum standard intake value (SUVmax) increased significantly in EI group. Immunohistochemistry showed: in BAT and iWAT, the number and the density of adipocytes of IC, EE and EI groups increased，and iWAT adipocytes appeared brown adipocytes. Western blotting showed that, in the BAT, the expression level of UCP1 protein in IC，EE and EI groups increased significantly；In the iWAT, the expression levels of UCP1 and PGC-1α in IC group，EE group and EI group increased significantly ；The expression level of p38 MAPK protein in IC group and EI group increased significantly；The expression level of VEGF-A protein in EE group and EI group decreased significantly.  Conclusion All three experimental protocols can promote brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue browning in obese rats after intervention，with intermittent cold stimulation combined with endurance exercise having the most significant effect.

Objective To explore the effect of 3D print-based navigation module assisted placement of thoracolumbar pedicle screws.   Methods From January 2019 to May 2021, we received 70 thoracic and lumbar fracture patients, divided into 3D technical group and conventional method group according to the surgical method, with 35 patients in each group. In the 3D technology group, pedicle screws were placed under the sight of the navigation module, while in the conventional group, pedicle screws were placed under the conventional C-arm fluoroscopy. The amount of intraoperative bleeding and time of C-arm were counted in each patient. According to the different number of pedicle screw implantation in each patient, the average amount of blood loss, time and C-arm fluoroscopy times of each screw implantation were compared between the two groups. Ideal screw angles were designed for patients in both groups before surgery. Compared with the preoperative design, the difference between preoperative and postoperative screw angle and head angle was calculated and set as the deviation value. Two sets of data were compared. Visual analogue score(VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) score, Oswestry disability index(ODI), vertebral height recovery ratio and Cobb’s angle were compared between the two groups.   Results The amount of blood loss, required time and exposure times of C-arm in 3D screw implantation group were significantly lower than those in conventional screw implantation group(P<0.05); After operation, the deviation of ininclination and head angle in the conventional method  group was higher than that in the 3D technique group, and the difference was significant(P<0.05); The VAS, JOA score, ODI, vertebral height recovery ratio and Cobb’s angle were significantly improved compared with the preoperative groups(P<0.05); Three months after surgery, the VAS, JOA score, and ODI were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05); In terms of Cobb’s angle and vertebral height recovery ratio, the 3D technique group was better than the conventional method  group (P<0.05).   Conclusion The 3D printed navigation module can assist the precise placement of thoracolumbar pedicle screws, shorten the operation time, reduce intraoperative bleeding and c-arm exposure times, facilitate the recovery of the injured vertebral height, improve the efficacy.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of astrocytes on the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in adult and juvenile hippocampus microenvironment.    Methods  Hippocampal astrocytes were isolated and cultured from 5 female SD rats at day 1 and week 30 postnatal, respectively; Embryonic hippocampus NSCs was isolated and cultured from 1 SD rat at day 15 of gestation; Conditioned astrocyte culture medium（CM） was collected for NSCs culture; Flow cytometry and CCK-8 were used to detect the proliferation of NSCs cultured in CM. Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) with differential expression was screened by mass spectrometry after cultured astrocyte CM. Western blotting and ELISA were used to verify the result  of mass spectrometry. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and CCK-8 were used to detect the proliferation of NSCs treated with different concentrations of CSF-1 recombinant protein （20 μg/L,  100 μg/L, 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L）.    Results  Compared with the adult group, the CM of hippocampal astrocytes in the young group could promote the proliferation of NSCs(P<0.01); Compared with the conditioned medium of hippocampal astrocytes in the juvenile group, the expression of CSF-1 in the hippocampus of the elder group was significantly up-regulated(P<0.01); At 20 μg/L, CSF-1 promoted the proliferation of NSCs(P<0.01), and 5 mg/L CS-1 inhibited significantly the proliferation of NSCs(P<0.01).     Conclusion The secretion of CSF-1 by astrocytes in hippocampal microenvironment can regulate the proliferation of NSCs with the development of the times.

Objective To establish the three-dimensional finite element model of lumbar spine(L) 3-5 segments of the normal spine of 14-year-old adolescents to analyze the biomechanical changes of the lumbar spine after different degrees of lumbar foraminal plasty, and to provide reference for improvement of adolescent foraminoplasty.   Methods A14-year-old female volunteer with no previous history of lumbar spine was selected to collect lumbar CT image data and we imported it into Mimics 16.0 software for modeling. ABAQUS software was used to conduct finite element model force analysis. Models M1 (1/4 of the left superior facet area of L5 was removed), M2 (1/3 of the left superior facet area of L5 was removed) and M3 (1/2 of the left superior facet area of L5 was removed) were established on the basis of the normal vertebral column L3-L5 segment model M. The stress of facet joints of corresponding segments was measured and compared under six loading conditions, such as neutral position, forward flexion and extension.   Results The established three-dimensional finite element model and variance analysis model were effective. There was a statistically significant difference between the stress value of L5 in model M1 and that in model M under loading conditions of extension and right-rotation of the left superior articular process (P< 0.05). The stress value of L4 left superior articular process in model M2 under left flexion and loading condition was significantly different from that in model M (P<0.05). The model M3 L4 in the upper left articular process in the condition, L5 upper left articular process in a left turn, bow, bow on the right side, right the upper right of the L4 joints on the right side bends, right rotation condition, the upper right of the L5 joints in the stretch, left flexion, left rotating under the condition of loading stress value compared with model M articular process stress value difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).   Conclusion In adolescent foraminoplasty, the lumbar biomechanical stability is obviously damaged when the medial area of the superior facet of one side and one segment is excised. It is recommended to carefully remove the facet facet of more than 1/2 in clinical practice to avoid lumbar instability.

Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) FokⅠ（rs2228570/rs10735810）of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) in Han nationality women of Qinghai province.   Methods A total of 137 Han nationality HDCP subjects (HDCP group) and 146 Han nationality normal pregnant subjects (control group) were selected from Qinghai province. The FokⅠ polymorphism typing in HCDP group and control group was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The mutation was confirmed by sequencing. SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used to test whether there were significant differences between two groups in general clinical data, genotype and allele frequency distribution.   Results The frequency of FF Ff ff genotype of FokⅠ in HDCP group and control group were 51.82%, 37.96%, 10.22% and 34.93%, 43.15%, 21.92% respectively (χ²=11.099, P<0.05, the distribution of genotype was different significantly between the two groups), the frequency of FF genotype in HDCP group (OR=2.004, 95%CI=1.243-3.231) was higher than that in control group; The frequency distribution of alleles F and f of FokⅠ was significantly different between HDCP group and control group (χ²=12.454, P<0.001), F allele frequency in HDCP group (OR=1.253, 95%CI=1.105-1.421) was higher than that in control group.   Conclusion The FokⅠ polymorphism of VDR gene is significantly correlated with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy of Han nationality in Qinghai. The F allele may be the susceptibility gene of HDCP, the FF genotype may be the susceptibility genotype of HDCP.

Objective To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) alpha-2-macroglobulin antisense RNA 1 (A2M-AS1) targeting microRNA (miR）-106b-5p on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced injury of human brain microvascular endothelial cells.   Methods Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (ox-LDL group) were induced by ox-LDL, normal cultured cells were control group (Ctrl); A2M-AS1 overexpression (pcDNA-A2M-AS1 group), empty vector (pcDNA group), miR-106b-5p inhibitor (anti-miR-106b-5p group), negative control (anti-miR-NC group), pcDNA-A2M-AS1 with control mimic NC (miR-NC group), pcDNA-A2M-AS1 with miR-106b-5p mimic (miR-106b-5p mimics group) were transfected into cells and treated with ox-LDL, n=9. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of A2M-AS1 and miR-106b-5p; Kits were used to detect malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)); Flow cytometry and TUNEL detected apoptosis; Dual luciferase reporter gene assay detected A2M-AS1 and miR-106b-5p targeting; Western blotting detected Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression.   Results Compared with the Ctrl group, the expression level of A2M-AS1 in the ox-LDL group decreased, and the activity of SOD and CAT and the protein level of Bcl-2 decreased (P＜0.05), while the expression level of miR-106b-5p and the level of MDA increased (P<0.05), and the rate of apoptosis and the protein level of Bax increased (P<0.05). Overexpressing A2M-AS1 or interfering with miR-106b-5p decreased the MDA level, apoptosis rate and Bax protein level after ox-LDL-induced cells, and increased SOD, CAT activity and Bcl-2 protein level (P＜0.05). A2M-AS1 targeted miR-106b-5p; up-regulation of miR-106b-5p reversed the effect of overexpressed lncRNA A2M-AS1 on ox-LDL-induced injury of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (P<0.05).   Conclusion A2M-AS1 attenuates ox-LDL-induced injury of human brain microvascular endothelial cells by targeting miR-106b-5p.

 Oligodendroglial lineage cells (OLGs) are important cell reserves for myelination and remyelination. Recent studies of central nervous system (CNS) indicated that besides traditional CNS immune cells like microglia, primitive cells of oligodendroglial lineage, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) can also actively participate immune responses. Simulated by physiological or pathological factors, OPCs can express a series of receptors，signaling and/or regulatory molecules et al, in this way，OPCs can play a critical role in both development and maintenance of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB), and most essentially, in initial stage for recruitment of peripheral immune cells and initial immune activation. Besides, in neurological disorders, recent research has revealed that OPCs can transform to disease-specific cell states, characterized by activation of immune cell exclusive genes. These findings may provide the basis for a new insight into the therapeutic strategy of neuron disorders and neurovascular diseases by effectively regulating OPCs. 

Objective  To elucidate the important role of Nogo-A in climacteric neurodegeneration such as memory impairment by observing memory function and the expression of Nogo-A in hippocampus and striatum of rats under low estrogen condition.    Methods  Fouthy-five female SD rats were divided into sham operation group, ovariectomized group and ovariectomized estrogen treatment group with 15 rats in each group. Medication was given 2 weeks after ovariectomized. Estrogen treatment group was subcutaneously injected in groin with estrogen ［25 μg/(kg·d)］ dissolved in sterile sesame oil. The sham operation group and the ovariectomized group were given the same amount of aseptic sesame oil. Samples were collected after 6 weeks of drug treatment. The difference of memory function of rats in three groups was observed by conditioned fear training experiment, and the expression of Nogo-A in hippocampus and striatum was observed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.     Results  Compared with the sham and estrogen treatment group, memory function in ovariectomized group decreased significantly and the number of Nogo-A positive neurons in hippocampus and striatum of ovariectomized rats was significantly higher than that of sham operation group (P< 0.05). There was no difference between the estrogen treatment group and the sham operation group with the memory function and the Nogo-A expression (P> 0.05). The result  of immunoblotting was consistent with the above-mentioned immunohistochemical result.    Conclusion  The increased expression of Nogo-A in hippocampus and striatum under low estrogen condition may be one of the key reasons for memory impairment in climacteric women.