Objective To research the clinical significance of the tibiofibular syndesmosis based on the anatomical characteristics of the tibiofibular syndesmosis.   Methods A total of 51 tibiofibular syndesmosis collected from Southwest Medical University were measured based on the anatomical characteristics of the lower tibia and fibula of anticorrosive specimens.   Results The geometrical data of the anterior tibiofibular ligament, posterior tibiofibular ligament and transverse tibiofibular ligament were measured respectively, and mean ± standard deviation was described. Include: the length, width, thickness of the anterior tibiofibular ligament (8.53±0.69, 19.06±1.34, 15.99±1.44) mm, the length, width, thickness of the posterior tibiofibular ligament (9.34±0.63, 16.92±1.76, 14.36±0.89) mm, the length, width, thickness of the transverse tibiofibular ligament (18.42±2.48, 21.93±2.59, 4.56±0.17) mm. The angel between the anterior tibiofibular ligament and the coronal surface and the angle of the horizontal plane were (20.49±4.86, 42.20±3.42)°. The angel between the posterior tibiofibular ligament and the coronal surface and the angle of the horizontal plane were (13.2±2.06, 40.92±3.13) °. The angel between the transverse tibiofibular ligament and the coronal surface and the angle of the horizontal plane were (13.45±1.57, 32.73±3.70)°. According to the data analysis, the anterior, posterior and transverse tibiofibular ligaments have statistical difference between men and women, but there is no statistical difference between left and right feet.   Conclusion The tibiofibular syndesmosis is of great significance to the stability of the ankle joint and the anatomical structure has important guiding significance for clinical treatment.