Objective  To analyse the correlation between the vital capacity and muscle parameters of Han and Zhuang college students in a college in Guangxi.   Methods  A total of 1909 college students from a college in Guangxi were randomly selected to measure their muscle parameters using the MC-180 body composition meter and their vital capacity using a vital capacity tester. We carried out height and weight tests according to “National Student Physical Health Standard”. The subjects’ vital capacity scores were divided into four groups:<60 points, 60-79 points, 80-89 points, ≥90 points. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis.   Results  There were differences in height, age, weight, body mass index (BMI), and muscle parameters among Han nationality male and female college students with different vital capacity scores (all P<0.05). There were a difference in height, weight, BMI, and muscle parameters  between groups among Zhuang female college students (except the left upper limb) (both P<0.05); the height and muscle parameters of Han male college students were mainly concentrated in ≥90 groups, showing an upward trend. The height, weight, BMI and muscle parameters of Han and Zhuang female college students were<60 scores, 60-79 points, and 80-89 groups showed an upward trend. The indicators in the ≥90 group decreased slightly, and there was no significant difference in the left upper limb muscle mass within Zhuang female college students. The male, female college students ’age, height, weight, BMI, muscle parameters were significantly positively correlated with vital capacity (all r>0, both P<0.01); the male, female college student’  height, weight, muscle parameters were significantly positively correlated with lung capacity (all r>0, all P<0.01), the correlation between left upper limb muscle mass and lung capacity was not significant (P>0.05).   Conclusion  The increase in age, height, weight, BMI, and muscle parameters has a positive effect on the increase in lung capacity of college students of the two nationalities. The change in the muscle mass of the left upper limb has no obvious effect on the lung capacity of Zhuang students. The correlation between muscle parameters and lung capacity of Han students is stronger than the same-sex Zhuang college students.