Objective  To reveal the whole-mount distribution pattern of intramuscular nerves in the medial and lateral plantar muscles and to explore its clinical significance.    Methods  Twenty-four adult cadavers were dissected to remove the medial and lateral groups of the plantar muscles. The distribution pattern of the intramuscular nerves was demonstrated by modified Sihler’s staining.    Results  The nerve branch for adductor hallucis muscle entered the muscle from the deep surface of the insertion of the muscle, while those nerve branches for abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, abductor digiti minimi and flexor digiti minimi brevis muscles entered the muscle from the deep side of the origin of the muscle. There were one lunate and one rectangular intramuscular nerve dense regions (INDRs) in the abductor hallucis muscle; two reniform INDRs in the transverse head of the adductor hallucis muscle, one reniform and one rectangular INDRs in the oblique head of the adductor hallucis muscle; there were two rectangle INDRs in the flexor hallucis brevis, abductor digiti minimi and flexor digiti minimi brevis muscles. These five muscles were divided into two neuromuscular compartment, but the percentage position of INDR and the center of INDR on muscle length in each muscle were different.    Conclusion  These result  may provide morphological guidance for surgical operation to avoid nerve injury, the selection and matching of muscle transplantation and the injection of botulinum toxin A to block the spasticity of these muscles.