Objective   To investigate the effects of exercise on autophagy of the hippocampal neurons and learning and memory abilities in APP/PS1 transgenic Alzheimer’s disease（AD）model mice.  Methods   Four-month-old male APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into AD model sedentary group (AS) and AD model exercise group (AE). C57BL/6 mice of the same age were used as control group (CS), with 12 mice in each group. Among them, AE group mice underwent regular treadmill exercise at 10 m per minute(the first 10 minutes) and 12 m per minute(the following 50 minutes) for 60 min, 0° slope, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. Morris water maze, novel object recognition test, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and Nissl staining were used to detect learning memory abilities, amyloid β-protein (Aβ), human microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B), Beclin1, p62 protein expression, autophagy lysosomes and neuron number.  Results   Eight weeks of exercise intervention could significantly improve the learning and memory abilities of AD model mice in the Morris water maze and novel object recognition test. The expression levels of Aβ plaques and p62 protein in the hippocampus of mice in the AS group increased significantly, while the levels of LC3B, Beclin1, autophagy lysosomes and neurons decreased significantly. Exercise intervention significantly reduced the expression levels of Aβ plaques and p62 protein in the hippocampus of AD model mice, and increased the levels of LC3B, Beclin1, autophagolysosomes and neurons.  Conclusion   Exercise could effectively improve the damage of neuronal autophagy in the hippocampus of AD model mice and protect the neurons through promoting autophagy lysosomes to degrade pathological Aβ in the hippocampus. These result might underlie the mechanisms for the treadmill exercise-induced improvement of learning and memory abilities.