Objective  To investigate the 20 facial morphological characteristics of Xibo ethnicity adults in Chabchar in Xinjiang, and to explore the causes of the features, so as to provide basic data for the basic study of minority anthropology.   Methods  A random sampling method  was used to determine 677 Xibo ethnicity adults, and 20 facial morphologyical characteristics was measured and statistically analyzed.   Results  In terms of age groups, a total of 3 indicators which were opening height of eyeslits(χ2=27.47, P<0.05), hair shape(χ2=16.10, P<0.05) and brow ridges(χ2=13.92, P<0.05)were statistically significant in different age groups among the Xibo males; and a total of 6 indicators which were cleft gap (χ2=16.56, P<0.05), eyebrow(χ2=22.62, P<0.05), maximum diameter of nostrils(χ2=12.74, P<0.05), lower jaw(χ2=12.64，P<0.05), brow ridges (χ2=22.00，P<0.05), nasal profile(χ2=50.49, P<0.05) were statistically significant in different age groups among the Xibo females, other indicators had no statistical significance. From the perspective of gender, a total of 8 indicators which were statistically significant between males and females among the 20 features of the Xibo ethnicity adults, they were hair vortex (χ2=11.68, P<0.05), frontal slope (χ2=12.99, P<0.05), direction of eyeslits(χ2=27.67, P<0.05), ear tip(χ2=19.11, P<0.05), hair shape(χ2=87.26, P<0.05), eyebrow(χ2=30.82, P<0.05), brow ridges(χ2=33.74, P<0.05), a d Opening height of eyeslits(χ2=8.43，P<0.05), while other 12 indicators have no statistical significance.   Conclusion  The facial morphological characteristics of the Xibo ethnicity adults in chabchar in Xinjiang showed the unique characteristics of anthropology in the region, and the reasons for those may be related to various factors such as genetic, living environment and habits.