Planarians have strong regenerative ability, which mainly results from the adult stem cells-neoblasts in their body. Currently, planarians have been an important model organism in the research on regeneration science, and neoblasts have also been the tool cells in biomedical research. But, the scientists still do not find the gene system that effectively regulates planarian regeneration and neoblast proliferation until now. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of endogenous, small and noncoding RNAs widely expressed in eukaryotes. MiRNAs can negatively regulate expression of functional genes through specifically recoganizing and binding the target genes. Recently, a few studies have indicated that microRNAs may participate in planarian regeneration. In this review, we will summarize the new progress on miRNAs regulating planarian regeneration as well as neoblast proliferation and differentiation.