Objective  To investigate the relationship between body composition and serum lipids and uric acid among adults in Maonan, and to analyze the effect of body composition changes on blood lipid and uric acid.    MethodsTotally 584 Maonan adult volunteers in Maonan village of Maonan Autonomous County in Guangxi, the age from 20 to 80 were recruited. The height was measured by the personal height tester; the body composition was measured by the ANITAMC-180 instrument; and the blood lipids and blood uric acid were measured by the Hitachi 7600 instrument. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 20.0.    Results  The age，height, weight, free fat mass, muscle mass, presumptive bone mass, body water, proptein，extracellular water, intracellular water, and waist-to-hip ratio were greater in Maonan men than in women (P<0.05). However, whereas male fat content, body fat rate, and subcutaneous fat content were smaller than those of female (P<0.01). The total prevalence of hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia in Maonan nationality was 13.9% and 28.4%, respectively. The prevalence of hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia in males was higher than in females. In males, the body mass, body mass index, free fat mass, fat mass, muscle mass, presumptive bone mass, protein, extracellular water, body fat rate, visceral fat content, subcutaneous fat content and waist-hip ratio of the hyperlipidemia group were higher than the normal group (P<0.05); and in females, the age, body mass index, fat mass, body fat rate, visceral fat content and waist-hip ratio of the hyperlipidemia group were higher than the normal group. In male, The body mass, free fat mass, presumptive bone mass, body water, extracellular water of the hyperuricemia group were higher than the normal group (P<0.05); In females, the age, body mass, body mass index, fat mass, extracellular water, body fat ratio, muscle mass, visceral fat content, subcutaneous fat content, and waist-hip ratio of the hyperuricemia group were higher than the normal group.    Conclusion  The detection rate of hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia in males of Guangxi Maonan nationality is all higher than that in females. The body composition is significant differences between the normal adults and the patients with hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia of Maonan nationality in Guangxi.