Spinal cord injury is a traumatic disease, commonly seen in falling injuries, traffic accidents, heavy injuries, etc, which could cause motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunction below the level of spinal cord injury. Myelin-associated inhibitors play a role in promoting the collapse of growth cones and inhibiting axonal regeneration in the injured spinal cord microenvironment, which is the main reason for the difficult repair of spinal cord injury. Myelinassociated inhibitors (MAIs), such as neurite outgrowth inhibitor (Nogo), oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp) and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), along with their receptor proteins, such as Nogo-A/Nogo-66 receptor 1 (NgR1), paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB), sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), are the important regulatory factors in the spinal cord microenvironment. They can inhibit therepair process of spinal cord injury by affecting the signaling pathway of neuron axon growth. Although the mechanism of spinal cord injury repair is still unclear, the regulation of myelin-related inhibitory factor proteins and downstream signaling pathways remain an important therapeutic approach for spinal cord injury. In this paper, the role of MAI proteins and their receptors in spinal cord injury repair in recent years were reviewed to provide a new target for spinal cord injury repair and provide more ideas for clinical treatment after spinal cord injury.