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2010, Volume 41 Issue 2
06 April 2010 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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论著
肝再生机制基础研究专题报道(二)


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BR>Effects of running exercise on the hippocapal formation and the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation of midaged rats 2010, 41 (2):  169-174.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529.1356.2010.02.001 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effects of exercise on the hippocampal formation and the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation of middleaged rats. Methods Ten 14month female SD rats were randomly divided into exercise group and sedentary group.Rats in the exercise group were forced to run on a treadmill for 4 months. After 4 months, spatial learning capacity of two group rats was tested using the Morris water maze.Then, the hippocampal formation and the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation were quantitatively estimated using transmission electronic microscopy and stereological techniques. Results Treadmill running enhanced the spatial learning capacity of the rats. The volume of hippocampal formation and the total length of the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation were significantly increased after 4 months exercise.However,there was no significant difference in the total volume of the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation between the two groups.The absolute distributions of the total length of the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation of two groups indicated that the exerciseinduced increase of the total length of the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation was mainly due to the increase of the myelinated fibers with small diameter. Conclusions Four months running exercise remarkably influence the spatial learning capacity,hippocampal formation and the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation of the middleaged famale SD rats. The present results reveal a potential mechanism for the fact that exercise Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-term enriched environment increases the total length of the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation of midaged male rats 2010, 41 (2):  175-179.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529.1356.2010.02.002 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effects of shortterm enriched environment on the hippocampal formation and the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation of midaged male rats. Methods Twenty 14month old male SD rats were randomly divided into enriched group and standard group. Enriched rats were reared in enriched environment and standard rats were reared in standard environment for 4 months. Then, the spatial learning capacity of enriched rats and standard rats was tested with the Morris water maze. After the Morris water maze test, the total volume of the hippocampal formation and the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation were quantitatively estimated with transmission electronic microscopy technique and stereological methods. Results There was not significant difference in the spatial learning capacity between enriched group and standard group. The total volume of the hippocampal formation of enriched rats was not significantly increased by 46% when compared with that of standard rats. The total volume, total length and mean diameter of the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation of enriched rats were significantly increased when compared with those of standard rats. Conclusions Fourmonths enriched environment significantly affected the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation of midaged male SD rats. The present results might provide an important theoretical basis for searching the etho Related Articles | Metrics

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Protection of testosterone on spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons after sciatic nerve injury in mice 2010, 41 (2):  180-184.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529.1356.2010.02.003 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the protective effect of testosterone on motor neuron after sciatic nerve injury. Methods Twelve adult C57 male mice were randomly divided into two groups: the sesame oil control group (n= 6) and the testosterone experimental group (n= 6). Unilateral sciatic nerve cutting severed as the animal model. Following operation, sesame oil or testosterone was administered for the control and experimental animals respectively via subcutaneous injection every other day for two weeks. The number and soma area of the anterior horn motor neurons in the lumbosacral cord of the sciatic nerve injury side were then measured on Nissl stained sections. Results In the testosterone group the motor neurons appeared healthier than that in the sesame control group. The neurons were plumper and showed more processes. Their number and average soma size were significantly larger than that in the sesame control (P<0.01). Conclusion The findings demonstrate that testosterone has a significant protective effect on sciatic nerve motor neurons after nerve injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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17-β estradiol reduces spinal cord injury of rats through raising thiol antioxidants 2010, 41 (2):  185-190.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529.1356.2010.02.004 Abstract ( )   Objective To examine the protective effects of 17-β estradiol on the experimental model of spinal cord injury (SCI) rats. Methods One hundred and eighty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, after Allen’s model, SD rats were divided into three groups: the sham group, the acute spinal cord injury (control groups) and the acute spinal cord injury supplying with 17-β estradiol treatment group. SCI was made by Allen’s weight dropping, impacting on the posteriors of spinal cord T10.The content of malonyldialdehyed (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined by chromatometry. The expressions of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 family in the injured spinal cord were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results The BBB scores at each time point in 17-β estradiol treatment group were significantly higher than that in SCI group (EM>P/EM><0.05). The contents of GSH, SOD, GSH-Px and the expression of Bcl-2 protein at the majority of time point in 17-β estradiol treatment group were significantly higher than that in SCI group(EM>P/EM><0.05), however, the MDA, Caspase-3 and Bax were markedly decreased (EM>P/EM><0.05). Conclusions This study suggests that 17-β estradiol administration Related Articles | Metrics

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Notogisenoside Rg1 upregulates the thiol antioxidants and resists aging in rats 2010, 41 (2):  191-196.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529.1356.2010.02.005 Abstract ( )   Objective In order to investigate anti-ageing mechanisms of the notoginsenoside Rg1，we used AβSUB>1-42/SUB> and D-galactose to establish aging rat model. Methods Ninety rats were divided into three groups at random: sham group, model group, treatment group. Aging rat models were established by injecting peritoneally Dgalactose (100 mg/kg) to the rats for 56 days and after 35 days aggregated AβSUB>1-42/SUB>(μg) was injected to the right lateral ventricle of rats. Meantime, rats were treated by intragastric administration the notoginsenoside Rg1 Then spatial memory of experimental rats was examined with the Morris water maze(MWM). The thiol antioxidants including glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were examined by colorimetric method. The concentration of the proCaspase-3 and Bcl-2 were examined by the immunohistochemistry and Western blotting method. Results In aging model rats escape latercies were significantly prolonged (P<0.05), while decreases were seen in the time of staying the third quadrants of platform, the number of crossing over a platform, the concentration of the GR, GSH-Px, and proCaspase-3 as compared with the sham group(P<0.05). After treatment of the notoginsenoside Rg1, the aging model rats exhibited significant increases in the time of staying the third quadrants of platform, the number of crossing over a platform, the concentration of the GR, GSH-Px, and proCaspase-3(P<0.05), while a decrease was observed in escape latercies as compared to control group(P<0.05). Moreover there was no significant difference in the expression of the Bcl-2(P>005). Conclusion The results from our study indicate that the notoginsenoside Rg1 could improve the oriented Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of phosphorylated ERK 1/2 and EM>c-fos/EM> in the medial prefrontal cortex of posttraumatic stress disorder rats 2010, 41 (2):  197-200.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529.1356.2010.02.006 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the changes of phosphorylated extracellular signalregulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) and EM>c-fos/EM> in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and PTSD model group. The model group rats were exposed to the singleprolonged stress (SPS) to set up the rat PTSD model. The expression of pERK1/2 was detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, and the expression of EM>c-fos/EM> mRNA was detected using reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The result of immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the number of pERK1/2-positive cells of control group and model group were 10.4±2.07 and 48.8±10.08 respectively （EM>P/EM><0.01）, and integral optical density were 24.955±3.691 and 110.810±10.643 respectively （EM>P/EM><0.01）. And Western blotting showed that relative expression quantities of pERK/βactin were 0.510±0.052 and 1.109±0.106 Related Articles | Metrics

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Mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is involved in apoptosis in hippocampus of post-traumatic stess disorder rats 2010, 41 (2):  201-205.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.007 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the expressions of Caspase-9,Caspase-3, cytochrome C and their relationships, and investigate apoptotic mechanisms in hippocampus of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) rats. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were used in the present study. The singleprolonged stress (SPS)method was used to set up the rat PTSD models. There were six groups：after SPS 1 day，4 days，7 days，14 days，28 days groups and control group. The expressions of Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and Cytochrome C proteins were detected with immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent results showed that the expression of cytochrome C peaked at 4 days and maintained higher level at 7days after SPS. Expressions of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 were increased and peaked at 7days after SPS. Western blotting results showed that compared with control group, cytochrome C protein was upregulated and peaked at 4 days after SPS in the cytosol. Compared with the control group, cytochrome C tended to decrease in mitochondrial fractions. The activated form of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 were not detected in control group. They were pres Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Tolllike receptor 4 induced by extravasated IgGand peripheral LPS in rat brains 2010, 41 (2):  206-210.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.008 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasated from blood circulation on the expression of tolllike receptor 4 (TLR4) induced by peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat brain. Methods The rats were divided into four groups in random, 5 rats in each. Group one received LPS 100μg/kg by intraperitoneal administration, normal saline was given by intravenous injection 6 hours later; group two was injected with adrenalin (AD) 15μg/kg intravenously; group three was treated with LPS intraperitoneally, AD was injected 6 hours later; group four was injected normal saline intravenously as control. For all groups, the animals were sacrificed 30 min after the last injection, and the brains were taken for investigation of the TLR4 expressions by immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR. Result Immunofluorescence staining showed that IgG immunoreactive product was patchlike, distributed in the brain parenchyma in all the animals that received AD. In the LPS+normal saline group, IgG was found merely around the blood vessels. Meanwhile, in LPS+AD animals, TLR4 immunoreactive product coexisted with microglia marker Iba1 within the IgG extravasated area. The double-labeled cells dispersed in the brain parenchyma and near to the cerebral vessels. In the LPS+saline group, TLR4 positive cells were endotheliallike RT-PCR results indicated that the expression level of TLR4 in the LPS+AD group were significantly higher than that in the LPS+saline group or AD grou Related Articles | Metrics

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Normal development of Cajal-Retzius cells in mouse hippocampus and their changes in APPswe transgenic mice 2010, 41 (2):  211-218.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.009 Abstract ( )   Objective In order to compare the alteration of reelin-immunoreactive. Cajal-Retzius cells (CR cells) in molecular layer of dentate gyrus of APPswe transgenic mice with wild type, the histochemical and developmental characteristics of CR cells were studied, therefore, the roles of CR cells in Alzheimer’s disease would be revealed further. Methods The Thioflavine S staining, reelin immunofluorescence with or without reelin/glutamate and reelin/GABA immuno-double staining were carried out in the study. In the meantime, Western blotting was used to study the expression of reelin in hippocampi of the both wild type and transgenic mice. Results Reelin positive CR cells could be double-labeled with either glutamate or GABA immunostaining. Caspase-3 immunofluorescence demonstrated that some CR cells went through apoptosis during their development. Compared with wild type, CR cells in APPswe transgenic mice had significantly decreased in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The result was supported with Western blotting analysis of reelin expression in hippocampus. Conclusion Reelin could be co-expressed with either glutamate or GABA, suggesting CR cells would be glutamatergic exciting neurons and GABAergic interneurons. The loss of CR cells during development probably was caused by the neuroapoptosis. Significant decrease of CR cells in hippocampus of APPswe transgenic mice Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of short-term enriched environment on the hippocampal formation and the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation of mid-aged female rats 2010, 41 (2):  219-223.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529.1356.2010.02.010 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effects of shortterm enriched environment on the hippocampal formation and the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation of midaged female rats. Methods Twenty 14month female SD rats were randomly divided into 10 enriched environment (EE) rats and 10 standard environment (SE) rats. EE rats were reared in enriched environment and SE rats were reared in standard environment for 4 months. Then, five rats were randomly selected from each group. The spatial learning capacity was assessed with Morris water maze. The hippocampal formation and the myelinated fibers in the rat hippocampal formation were quantitatively investigated with transmission electronic microscopy technique and stereological methods. Results Short-term enriched environment enhanced the spatial learning capacity of the mid-aged female rats. The total length and total volume of the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation of the EE rats was significantly increased by 43.3% and 47.4%, respectively, when compared to the SE rats. There was no significant difference in the hippocampal volume and the mean diameter of the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation between two groups. The increase of the total length of the myelinated nerve fibers in the hippocampal formation was mainly due to the increase of the myelinated fibers with small diameter. Conclusion Short-term enriched environment had significant effects on the spatial learning capacity and the myelinated fibers in the hippocampal formation Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of lipopolysaccharide on mice iron metabolism related genes mRNA expression 2010, 41 (2):  224-227.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.011 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on mRNA expression of iron metabolism related genes. Methods Ten male mice （2 months） were injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide（0.5 μg/g） After 6 hours, mice were sacrificed and then sera, liver and spleen were collected. The mice blood routine was measured. The serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were determined with reagent kit. The quasi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for mRNA of hepatic hepcidin(HP), ferroportin1(Fpn1), transferrin receptor 1(TfR1) and spleenic HP, Fpn1 and interleukin6(IL-6). Results The serum iron and TIBC were reduced in mice injected LPS, which exhibited mild anemia(EM>P/EM> 0.5). LPS can increase the expression of hepatic hepcidin and decrease Fpn1 and TfR1 in liver after LPS administration 6 hours(EM>P /EM>0.05). In spleen, IL-6 was upregulated and Fpn1 downr Related Articles | Metrics

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Triazole Schiff base derivative induces cannibalism of SMMC-7721 cells EM>in vitro/EM> 2010, 41 (2):  228-231.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.012 Abstract ( )   Objective To a nalyze the morphologic features of SMMC-7721 cannibalistic cells that induced by triazole Schiff base derivative(LH-37) EM>in vitro/EM>. Methods The SMMC-7721 cells （1×10SUP>4/SUP>/ml）were cultured in the medium containing of 1×10SUP>-5/SUP> mol/L LH-37 for 24h,48hThe character of cells was detected by Papanicolaou and Wright′s Staining. Immunohistochemical method was used to observe the cleaved Caspase-3 positive cells. The ultrastructure of cannibalism cells was observed by JEM 100CXII transmission electronic microscope. Results Microscopic analysis demonstrated the complete internalization of one cell within another. We noted that some cannibalistic cells in small aggregates appeared to be inside of large vacuoles, suggesting that they were internalized within a neighboring cell. The proportion of cannibalistic cells were increased after SMMC-7721 cells were cultured in the presence of LH-37 for 48 hours. The proportion of the cannibalistic cells in control and LH-37 group was 0.47% and 5.23% respectively. Many internalized cells were positive for cleaved Caspase-3 staining . Ultrastructural analysis of engulfed cells from 24 hours exhibited evidence of livecell internalization consistent with cannibalism, The most common fate for internalized cells was death after treatment with LH-37 for 48 hours, as evidenced by nuclear degradation and the Related Articles | Metrics

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Losartan intervenes chronic heart failure of rats 2010, 41 (2):  232-236.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.013 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the reasons and mechanism of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in chronic heart failure by using Losartan and to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of chronic heart failure. Methods The models of chronic heart failure were produced by injecting Adriamycin and Losartan as intervention agents, the expression of apoptotic protein Bax, Bcl-2 and channel protein ERK1, JNK1 and P38MAPK were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR．Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial ultrastructure are detected by transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL staining. Results Compared with the model group of heart failure, after Losartan treatment, the ultra structure of myocardial cells were significantly improved, Apoptosis index was decreased significantly (EM>P /EM><0.01), The level of Bax and JNK1 decreased (Bax χSUP>2/SUP> =6.6149, EM>P/EM> =0.0078; JNK1 EM>q/EM> =22.156，EM>P /EM><0.01）. However, the expressions of ERK1 and Bcl-2 were significantly increased (ERK1 EM>q /EM>=15.3514，EM>P /EM><0.01；Bcl-2 χSUP>2/SUP> =6.81,EM>P Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic polymorphism of 3 STR loci in Bouyei ethnic group in Guizhou 2010, 41 (2):  237-240.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.014 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate genetic polymorphism of 3 STR loci in Bouyei ethnic group in Guizhou. Methods The DNAs of 101 healthy unrelated Bouyei individuals in Guizhou were extracted using chelex100 method and were multiplex amplificated by PCR technique and the denatured PAGE was used, the PCR product was typied using silver stain method. The data was statistically analysed by modifiedpowerstat software package. Results A total of 21 alleles and 50 genotypes were observed in the 3 loci and the distributions of these genotypes were consistent with the law of EM>Hardy-Weinberg/EM> equilibrium. The heterozygosity(H) of CSF1PO, TPOX and TH01 loci were 0.7287,0.5423 and 0.6904; the polymorphism information content(PIC) were 0.6805,0.4479 and 0.6426; the discrimination power(DP) were 0.8782,0.7361 and 0.8563 and the probabilities of paternity exclusion (PPE)were 0.6148、0.3643 and 0.5737 respectively. Conclution CSF1PO and THOX are highly genetic polymolphism, which is valuable for population genetic research and forensic individual ident Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of different culture conditions on the phenotype,proliferation and cytoskeleton of VSMCs from rats 2010, 41 (2):  241-246.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.015 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the influence of different culture conditions EM>in vitro/EM> on phenotype, proliferation and cytoskeletal proteins expression of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs). Methods The cultured VSMCs from rat aorta were divided into six groups: P2 control,P2 starvation,P4 control,P4 starvation,P6 control and P6 starvation. The proliferating cells were labeled by 5bromodeoxyuridine (5-BrdU); The mRNA expression of smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) was detected by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction method (RT-PCR); The cytoskeletal proteins including SMα-actin,β-Tubulin and Desmin were observed through immunohistochemical staining, Results With the increase of cell passage, cytoskeletal proteins expression of VSMCs decreased,cellular organs increased and secretory vesicles were abundant; in serumfree cultured cells mitochondria increased and electron density enhanced in cytoplasm of VSMCsOn the contrary the expression of SMα-actin decreased, and the expression of SMα-actin increased, The expression of β-Tublin and Desmin decreased more obviously, and at 6 passages failed to express. Conclusion The conditioned medium and serumfree had the different effects on the phenotype,proliferation and cytoskeleton of VSMCs in different passage, and there was Related Articles | Metrics

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Temporal and spatial expression of Wnt5a in prenatal female mouse reproductive tract 2010, 41 (2):  247-251.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.016 Abstract ( )   Objective To develop a method of location of prenatal female mouse reproductive tract based on paraffin block serial sections of female fetuses, and get high quality paraffin sections of fetuses containing female reproductive tract (FRT).And to investigate the role of Wnt5a during the development of FRT of prenatal mice. Methods The sex of fetuses at gravidity 155 days( G15.5d), G17.5d, G19.5d) and G21.5d was identified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and the female fetuses were embedded in paraffin block, the specimen was sectioned serially . One of every four sections was stained by hematoxylineosin(HE), and the next one being used laterThe images of specimen were taken with digital camera and the serial sections were obtained. The paramesonephric duct /uterus were located and recognized. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the location and intensity of Wnt5a staining in the middle of the paramesonephric duct / uterus. Results The morphology of the paramesonephric duct /uterus was recognized first and the sections of fetuses with paramesonephric ducts were obtained. The intensity of Wnt5a immunohistochemical staining was increased from G155d to G215d in mesenchymal cells(EM>P/EM> <0.01). Conclusion Wnt5a plays a marked role in early period of female mouse reproductive tract, and is possible to Related Articles | Metrics

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P>Expression and significance of TRH-R1 and TRH-R2 in the testis of EDS-treated adult rats/P> 2010, 41 (2):  252-256.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.017 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the expression of thyrotropinreleasing hormone receptor (TRH-R) type1 and type2 in ethane dimethanesulphonate （EDS）treated rat testis, and to discuss the significance of its expression in Leydig cells. Methods To make the injured testis Leydig cells rat model with EDS treatment. Western blotting, immunohistochemical ABC and immunofluorescence double labeling methods were used to detect the expression and location of TRH-R1 and R2 in the testicular tissues of EDStreatedday 2,day 7,day 14,day 21 and day 28 rat mode, respectively. Results Western blotting results showed that the positive immunochemical staining was not found in the testicular tissues of the EDS-treated day 2 to day 14, on the other hand,they were found in EDS-treated-21 day and EDS-treated-28 day. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that TRH-R1 and R2 expressed in the spindleshaped cells reappeared around seminiferous tubules of postEDS 21 days and 28 days groups. Immunofluorescence double labeling confirmed that these TRH-R1 and R2 positively stained cells were newly regenerated progenitor Leydig cells. Conclusion TRH-R1 and R2 ar Related Articles | Metrics

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Bacterial peritonitis damages enteric nerve-ICC network in rats 2010, 41 (2):  257-261.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.018 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the morphological changes of enteric nerve-interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) network in rats with the bacterial peritonitis, and to investigate the main cause of gastrointestinal dysfunction and gastrointestinal failure with the bacterial peritonitis. Methods Sixty Wistar rats of both sexes were randomly divided into two groups. The model of the bacterial peritonitis was established.To record the frequency and amplitude of slow wave in myoelectricity of intestine EM>in vivo/EM> to assess the function of the intestine motility. The proximal 10。0 cm segment of jejunum beginning 2 cm distal to the pylorus from each group was studied using cKit and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT)/ neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunohistochemical double-staining with wholemount preparation technique and laser scanning confocal microscopy(CLSM). Results Compared the result of the bacterial peritonitis group with the normal group, it was found that the frequency and amplitude of slow wave in myoelectricity of intestine of the bacterial peritonitis group were slower and lower than the normal group, CLSM scanned ICC network showed that compared with the control group, the distributions and densities of ICC of intestine in the bacterial peritonitis group decreased significantly(EM>P /EM><0.01）, the number of ICC synapse decreased, the cell junction between ICC and the ICC network was disrupted, and the fluorescence intension of cell decreased. CLSM scanned enteric nerveICC network indicated that compared with the control group, in the bacterial peritonitis group, the distributions and densities of cholinergic nerves (P <0.01）/ nitrergic nerves(EM>P/EM> <0.01）and ICC(EM>P /EM><0.01）of intestine significantly decreased respectively, the cell junction between enteric nerve and enteric nerve-ICC network was disrupted, and the fluorescence intension of enteric nerve-ICC network decreased. the network of cholinergic/nitrergic nerve-ICC was disrupted. Conclusion The number of cholinergic nerves and nitrergic nerves were reduced, and the enteric nerveICC network was damag Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between the expression of Dishevelled2 and Vangl2 and the embryonic neural tube defects induced by excessive retinoic acid in Kunming mice 2010, 41 (2):  262-266.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529.1356.2010.02.019 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of Dishevelled2 and Vangl2 and the embryonic neural tube defects (NTDs) induced by all-trans retinoic acid (RA)in Kunming mouse. Methods Fifty pregnant mice were randomly divided into control and RA-treated groups．RA-treated mice were fed with 30mg/kg RA dissolved with peanut oil on embryo 7.75 days, while the mice of control group were administrated with an equal volume of peanut oil on the same time. Then all the embryos were sampled from pregnant mice at the 4th, 18th, 42nd, 66th and 90th hour after treatment. EM>In situ/EM> hybridization and immunohistochemical staining technique were used to detect the expression of Dishevelled2 and Vangl2 in embryonic neural tube. Results The two proteins both existed in the epithelial tissue of the mouse embryonic neural tube and displayed different expression modes at various developmental stages.Compared with the control group， the RA treated group showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) at the 18th and 42nd hour and a significant increase (EM>P/EM>≤0.05) at the 66th hour in Dishevelled2 protein after maternal treatment, and no significant difference was found at the 90th hour. Compared with the control group, the Vangl2 mRNA expression in the RA treated group displayed a significant decrease (EM>P/EM>≤0.05) at the 4th and 18th hour and a significant increase EM>(P/EM>≤0.05) at the 66th hour after RA treatment, and no difference was found at the 42nd hour. Compared with the control group, the expression of Vangl2 protein in the RA treated group decreased (P≤0.05) at the 18th and 42nd hour, and increased (EM>P/EM>≤0.05) at the 90th hour after RA treatment, no difference was found at the 66th hour. Conclusion Excessive RA may interfe Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of interleukin-8 protein in villi and decidua of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion 2010, 41 (2):  267-270.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529.1356.2010.02.020 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the expression of interleukin8 (IL-8) protein in villi and decidua of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA). Methods The local and quantitative expressions of IL-8 in villi and decidua of 30 RSA patients were shown and measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results IL-8 protein immunohistochemical signals were located in the chorioepithelium cytoplasm and decidual cells plasma in RSA group. While in control group the immunohistochemical staining was negative in decidul cells, but positive in glandular epithelium. The quantitative analysis of IL-8 protein by Western blotting, intensity of the immunostaining was higher in RSA group than that in the control group. Conclusion The higher expression of IL-8 in villi and decidua is releated to RSA, IL-8 might take part in the pathologic process of RSA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution, cloning and analysis of partial sequence of GPR30 in submaxillary gland of rats 2010, 41 (2):  271-275.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529.1356.2010.02.02１ Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the localization G protein couple receptor 30 (GPR30) and its mRNA in submaxillary gland, and to supply theoretic evidence for further studying functional significance of the GPR30 in submaxillary gland of rats. Methods Four male SD rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after the intraperitoneal anesthesia, and excised the submaxillary glands. The distribution of GPR30 and its mRNA were studied through immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in the experiment. After isolation of the total RNA from the submaxillary gland, RT-PCR was conducted to obtain GPR30 cDNA by using the specific primers. The products of PCR were analyzed by sequencing with Sanger’s method. Results The serous acinus epithelial cells and granular convoluted epithelial cells in submaxillary gland of rats showed GPR30 immunoreactivity, which were located in cytoplasm with negative nuclei. GPR30 mRNA hybridized signals were also detected in cytoplasm in the above cells. The products of PCR is identical to that of the GPR30 sequence of rats. Conclusion The serous acinus and granular convoluted epithelial cells not only express GPR30 but also may be a target organ by rapid estrogen signaling pathway in submaxillary gland of rats. This may be involved in the functional regulation of submaxillary gland. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of combined administration of low dose gossypol with steroid hormones on spermatocyte apoptosis and phagocytosis of sertoli cells 2010, 41 (2):  276-280.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529.1356.2010.02.02２ Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate effects of combined regimen of low dose gossypol with steroid hormones on apoptosis of spermatocyte and phagocytosis of sertoli cells. Methods Adult male rats were divided into four groups randomly, group GH: rats were fed orally with gossypol(GA) ［12.5mg / (kgI>&#/I>8226;d) ］ and desogestrel(DSG)［125μg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d) ］/ethinyloestradil(E)［25μg/ (kgI>&#/I>8226;d) ］/testosterone undecanoate(TU)［100mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d) ］; group G: a single does of GA［12.5mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d ) ］ was given; group H: DSG［125μg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d) ］/E［25μg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d) ］/TU［100mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d) ］ were administered; group C: rats only received vehicle(1% methyl cellulose). Testes from all the rats were removed at 4, 6 and 8 weeks after treatment for counting of spermatocyte and round spermatid using stereological assay, and for detecting apoptosis of spermatocyte and phagocytosis of sertoli cell by TUNEL and oil red O staining respectively. Results In GH group, the number of spermatocyte and round sperm Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of TGF-βRⅡand fibronectin in developing mouse kidney 2010, 41 (2):  281-284.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529.1356.2010.02.023 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the chronological and spatial expressions of transforming growth factorβ receptor typeⅡ（TGF-βRⅡ）and fibronectin (Fn )in developing mouse kidney and investigate the relationship between the expressions and kidney development. Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to observe and measure the expression of TGF-βRⅡ and Fn in embryos and postnatal mouse kidneys. Results The expression of TGF-βRⅡ was noticed in all stages of glomeruli, renal tubes and collecting ducts, and increased gradually with ages; The expression of Fn was noticed too in all stages of glomeruli, renal tubes and collecting ducts, except for the c Related Articles | Metrics

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Threedimensional MRI study on the morphology and lateral asymmetry of Chinese female calcarine sulcus 2010, 41 (2):  285-290.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.024 Abstract ( )   P> Objective To study the morphology, normal values and lateral asymmetry of Chinese calcarine sulcus on MRI. Methods Highresolution and transverse MRI were obtained from 40 female volunteers. Brainvisa software was used to reconstruct the calcarine sulcus and measure its average length, depth and width automatically. Results The posterior branch of calcarine sulcus showed six types in the median sagittal plane: bifurcation(32.50%), single peak(25.00%), flat (16.25%), S-shaped (15.00%), double peak(7.50%) and other shape (3.75%); its location had three types: inferior(72.50%), middle（21.25%）and superior（6.25%）. The depth of left calcarine sulcus was (15.24±2.67)mm, and the right one was (16.97±3.25)mm, which revealed great statistical significance (EM>P/EM>0.000 1）. The width of left calcarine sulcus was (3.14±0.91)mm, and it was (3.19± 0.83)mm in the right side. The bottom length of calcarine sulcus: the left was (86.47±16.85)mm, the right was (83.62±17.10)mm. The top length of calcarine sulcus: the left was (70.52±12.40)mm, the right was (64.90±15.17)mm. There were not statistical significance in width, bottom length and top length between left and right calcarine sulci. More than half of the end part of calcarine sulci turned to the lateral surface of cerebral hemisphere.T Related Articles | Metrics

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Anatomy of the attachment of the medial patellofemoral ligament of human knee 2010, 41 (2):  296-299.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.026 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the anatomic characteristic of the attachment of medial patellofemoral ligament and its function in patellar stability. Methods Thirty adult cadaver knees were used for anatomic study, and the attachments of medial patellofemoral ligament were observed and measured. Results The femoral attachment of medial patellofemoral ligament was anchored to the bone between the medial femoral epicondyle and the adductor tubercle. The fibers here were thin and narrow, and became thick and wide to the anterior. The patellar attachment was in the superior twothirds of the medial margin of the patella. The fiber here were the thickest and the widest. Conclusion The anatomic characteristic of the attachment of medial patellofemoral ligament was revealed, providing anatomical bases for surgery. Related Articles | Metrics

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Threedimensional construction and anatomical variations of hepatic arteries based on 64slice spiral CT scanning data 2010, 41 (2):  300-301.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.027 Abstract ( )   P>Objective To study the types of anatomical variations of hepatic arteries. Methods Hepatic arteries of 64-slice spiral CT scanning data were three-dimensional constructed by using selfdesigned software. The types of anatomical variations were analyzed and classified with Michels’ classification criteria. Results The model presented with realistic profile of hepatic arteries which allowed vivid three-dimensional observation. Of these patients, 40 had normal hepatic arteries (60.61%), 26 had variations (3939%), and 5 had infrequent aberrant hepatic arteries that was not included in Michels’ classification (7.58%). Conclusion Threedimensional model of hepatic arteries can volum Related Articles | Metrics

肝再生机制基础研究专题报道(二)

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Transcript atlas of cell immunityassociated gene uncovers physiological activities in 8 liver cell types of rat regenerating liver 2010, 41 (2):  302-306.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.028 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the transcript atlas of cell immunityassociated genes in 8 liver cell types including hepatocytes, bile duct epithelial cells, oval cells, hepatic stellate cells, sinus endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, pit cells and dendritic cells from the rat regenerating liver. Methods The 8 liver cell types were isolated respectively by Percoll density gradient centrifugation combined with immune magnetic beads separation method. Their expression changes in the regenerating livers were detected by Rat Genome 230 20 Array, the expression patterns and the predicted physiological activities of cell immunityassociated genes were analyzed by Cluster program, and the methods of bioinformation and systematic biology. Results A total of 40 cell immunityassociated genes yielded the meaningful expression changes in liver regeneration, the corresponding gene numbers in 8 liver cell types were 19, 19, 9, 19, 19, 21, 22 and 21, respectively. It suggested that the formation of antigen peptide-MHC complexes, the NF-κB kinase activity and the production of cytokines like IL-2 were enhanced at the priming and progressing phases of liver regeneration. The biological activities, such as NF-κBpromoting cell differentiation and Caspase-induced T cell apoptosis, were elevated at termina Related Articles | Metrics

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Gene transcript profiles of liver cells predict that EM>AI408225/EM> promotes antigen peptide combining with TCR in rat regenerating liver 2010, 41 (2):  307-312.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.029 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the correlation of unknown geneEM> AI408225/EM> and humoral immunity involved in rat regenerating liver. Methods Isolation of rat 8 liver cell types, detection of their genes expression change were accorded to Percoll density gradient centrifugation combined with immune magnetic beads separation method, and their genes sequence homoeology and coexpression relation were analyzed by Microsoft Excel, BLAST software, and the prediction physiological activities were analyzed by bioinformatics and systematic biology. Results A total of 93 humoral immunityass ociated genes yielded the meaningful expression changes in liver regeneration, the corresponding gene numbers in 8 liver cell types included hepatocytes, bile duct epithelial cells, oval cells, hepatic stellate cells, sinus endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, pit cells and dendritic cells were 33, 46, 17, 59, 48, 35, 53, 68 Among thatEM>AI408225/EM>and EM>cd/EM>4 are homology and coexpression. Conclusion The rat liver regeneration is closely associated with humoral immunity, and AI408225 participat Related Articles | Metrics

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Transcript atlas of blood coagulationassociated gene uncovers physiological activities in 8 liver cell types of rat regenerating liver 2010, 41 (2):  313-317.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.031 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the transcript atlas of cell immunity-associated genes in 8 liver cell types including hepatocytes, bile duct epithelial cells, oval cells, hepatic stellate cells, sinus endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, pit cells and dendritic cells from the rat regenerating liver. Methods Isolation of rat 8 liver cell types, detection of their genes expression change and the prediction physiological activities were accorded to cluster program, and the methods of bioinformation and systematic biology, and their gene expression patterns were analyzed by Microsoft Excel software. Results A total of 40 blood coagulation-associated genes yielded the meaningful expression changes in liver regeneration. serpine1 , a2m in eight liver cell types, vwf , klkb1 in seven liver cell types other than Kupffer cells, and other genes in the two or more liver cell types yielded the meaningful expression changes. It suggested that the synthesis of kallikrein and prothrombin、the formation of thrombin were enhanced at the priming and progressing phases of liver regeneration. The biological activities, such as fibrin monomer aggregated into fibrin polymers, were elevated at termination phase. Conclusion The rat liver regeneration is closely associated with the blood coagulation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Visualization analysis in international liver stem cells research 2010, 41 (2):  318-322.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.031 Abstract ( )   Objective To provide decisionmaking information support for recognizing research trends, selecting frontier science and technology, shaping reasonable science and technology distribution, a visualization analysis was applied to the international liver stem cell research. Methods Based on bibliometric method and visualization analysis tools, various fields including publication years, countries of publications, journals and organizations were analyzed exhaustively on publications of international liver stem cells which were searched in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE).In addition, details on main subjects, evolution and research fronts were presented in this paper. Results 1092 publications were searched in SCIE,which were growing rapidly since 2000.The production of China is far behind United States of America and Japan. Publications were distributed in concentrated journals but involved multidisciplinary. Liver stem cells research evolution basically experienced identification,sources,basic application. Research fronts include cell identifications, liver regeneration, cell differentiation, expression of exogenous genes,etc. Conclusion China should increase the liver stem cell funding, strengthen cooperation with the top institutes, independent innovation, leading liver stem cells research from basic research to clinical research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in hepatic stellate cells 2010, 41 (2):  323-325.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.032 Abstract ( )   Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a group of nonparenchymal cells of liver, and play an important role in lipid, especially vitamin Astoring, extracellular matrix synthesis, microcirculation regulation of hepatic sinusoid, etc. They are also closely related to lots of liver diseases, e. g. hepatofibrosis. In this review, the latest research advance on HSCs including their isolation, identification, proliferation and regulation, and role in liver regeneration, hepatofibrosis, and so on is summarized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in liver pit cells 2010, 41 (2):  326-327.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.033 Abstract ( )   Pit cells (PCs) are hepatic natural killer cells(HNKCs), and play an important role in resisting tumor, resisting virus, regulating hepatocyte growth and differentiation, inhibiting liver fibrosis and so on. In the paper, research progress in liver pit cells is briefly summarized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on hepatic oval cells 2010, 41 (2):  328-330.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.034 Abstract ( )   ［Abstract］ BR>Hepatic oval cells (OCs) are the stem cells of the liver. They can differentiate into liver cells, bile duct epithelial cells and other cells, and also are closely related to liver regeneration and liver diseases. In this article, we give a brief summary focused on the source, location, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, transplantation of hepatic oval cells, and its role in liver regeneration and liver disea Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on Kupffer cells 2010, 41 (2):  331-332.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2010.02.035 Abstract ( )   Kupffer cell is a member of the liver nonparenchymal cells, it participates in a variety of physiological activities through phagocytosis, secreting cytokines, antigenpresenting pathways, and is closely related to a variety of diseases such as liver cancer, liver fibrosis, liver injury. This paper presents the progress of research on physiological functions of kupffer cells and its relations with liver. Related Articles | Metrics