30 Most Down Articles
Published in last 1 year | In last 2 years| In last 3 years| All| Most Downloaded in Recent Month | Most Downloaded in Recent Year|

All
Please wait a minute...
For Selected: Toggle Thumbnails
A new pathway for mitochondrial quality control: mitochondrial-derived vesicle
GUAN Wei-kang Lü Jing YANG Chao-xian
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2021, 52 (1): 152-156.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.01.025
Abstract2108)      PDF(pc) (864KB)(2167)       Save
Mitochondria are very complex dual membrane organelles in eukaryotic cells. Under physiological conditions, the regeneration and degradation of mitochondria are balanced. When the components of the proteins, lipids and DNA in the organelles are damaged, the steady state of the mitochondria is maintained by means of division, fusion, autophagy and the like, so as to maintain the integrity of the mitochondrial structure and function, which is commonly referred to as a “mitochondrial mass control”. Mitochondrial-derived vesicle (MDV) is a newly discovered pathway of mitochondrial quality control, which plays an important role in the early stage of cell stress and helps maintain the stability of mitochondrial function. In this paper, the discovery of MDV, the transport pathway, the choice of goods and the physiological effects on cells are reviewed.
Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Trends in neuroanatomical research
LI Yun-qing
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2023, 54 (3): 368-373.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2023.03.016
Abstract447)      PDF(pc) (820KB)(2034)       Save
The basic structure of the nervous system is neurons and the connections formed by nerve fibers. Identifying different types of neurons in different parts of the nervous system, revealing the efferent and afferent nerve fibers they constitute, and elucidating the neuroactive substances and receptors involved, provide the basis for the regulation of neuronal activity and the uncovering of how the nervous system works. It is also the goal of neuroanatomy research. The rapid development of modern science and technology and interdisciplinary penetration require us to conduct in-depth neuroanatomy studies on specific neural pathways composed of specific types of neurons using specific neuroactive substances for specific neural functions. This also provides a good opportunity for us to clarify the structure of nervous system and analyze its working principle from macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic levels. 
Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Anatomical analysis of muscle spindles in tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscle of C57BL/6 mice
LIAN Wen-xi DUAN Hong-mei HAO Fei HAO Peng ZHAO Wen GAO Yu-dan YANG Zhao-yang LI Xiao-guang
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2022, 53 (2): 203-209.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2022.02.010
Abstract2696)      PDF(pc) (2375KB)(1886)       Save
Objective To locate the distribution of muscle spindles in tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) and the anchoring mode of muscle spindles in skeletal muscles, and perform statistics analysis of their morphological character by anatomical parameters.   Methods Five adult wild type C57BL/6 mice were sacrificed, and TA and EDL were dissected and frozen with improved ultra-low temperature cryopreservation technology avoiding myofibers damaged by possible ice crystal. Continuous frozen transections were obtained and operated by HE staining, followed by microimaging to spot the muscle spindles location. Some parameters including regions length and cross section area (CSA) of muscle spindles were noticed for the discovery of some general characteristics of spindles by statistics.   Results For TA and EDL, the scattered characters of muscle spindles were distributed as follows: the spindles were located at the upper third of the mid-belly of both TA and EDL from caudal to rostral position, while near the enter point to muscle of the deep peroneal nerve in dorsal-ventral orientation. The peripheral of muscle spindles anchored to extrafusal fibers to hold in the muscle. And in term of length, region A, connected with sensory nerve ending, demonstrated a significant correlation with region B, which located at the poles of region A and twined by motor nerve ending (correlation index=0.75) when considering the muscle spindles with four intrafusal fibers only. And no correlation was discovered in any others pairwise parameters.    Conclusion The scattered diagram of muscle spindles in TA and EDL of C57BL/6 mice might provide anatomic basis for evaluation of lower limb motor function, especially for the spinal cord injury and recovery research. And the correlationship between the length of region A and B might improve exploring the variability of electrophysiological characters.
Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Discussion on racial concept#br#
XI Huan-jiu LI Wen-hui
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2023, 54 (5): 605-614.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2023.05.016
Abstract277)      PDF(pc) (1114KB)(1561)       Save
We reviewed the concept of race and its development, analyzed the chaotic application of “race”, “ethnicity” and “ethnic group” at present, put forward the importance of distinguishing these concepts and put forward specific suggestions for distinguishing them. It was also pointed out that although the boundaries of race were blurred, the differences between races were narrowing, and the concept of race was fading, the concept of race can not be abolished. In practice, these concepts were used correctly according to context. At present, the concept of race was questioned, but whether the concept of race had a biological basis or not, it cannot be used as the reasons for racism. 
Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Mechanism of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis
LIU Li-li LIU Jian-hua JIAO Lu-lu LIU Si-ming GONG Zheng ZHANG Lin-lin BIAN Fang-zi ZHANG Lin-jing YAN Zhan-feng LIU Qiao-ping
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2018, 49 (6): 852-857.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.027
Abstract292)      PDF(pc) (332KB)(1482)       Save

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1) pathway is a non selective cation pathway, which can be activated by various stimulators such as capsaicin and high temperature, and participate in many physiological and pathological processes. As is confirmed by the latest research that the TRPV1 pathway is a core factor of mechanism of nerve immune regulation network, which plays an important role in nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis. This article is a brief review about the research progress of TRPV1 regulating and controling neuropeptides by neural immunoregulation network which could influence the symptoms of nasal mucosa. It is expected to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Polarization and functional regulation of macrophage
GONG Tian-tian HUANG Shao-gang ZHANG Yue LI Jia LEI Lei SHAN Zhi-yan
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2017, 48 (1): 106-110.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2017.01.019
Abstract2895)      PDF(pc) (253KB)(1339)       Save

Macrophages have the great plasticity in various tissues in vivo, which play important roles in the development and homeostasis. In response to certain inductors, macrophages can change their phenotype and result in polarization. Polarized macrophages can react to the immune response and participate in tissue repair and remodeling, which have the significant clinic application value. In this review, the classification, regulation mechanism and reprogramming of polarization are addressed, which may provide a theory basis for research of macrophage polarization.

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Positive effects of neuroligin-1, -2 on oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination
ZHANG Xiao-jiao ZHU Ming-mei WANG Jia-yan TANG Xin
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2024, 55 (2): 125-132.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2024.02.001
Abstract395)      PDF(pc) (3670KB)(1334)       Save
Objective  To investigate the effects of neuroligin-1, -2 (NLGN-1,-2) on oligodendrocyte(OLs) differentiation and myelination in the central nervous system.   Methods  OLs were cultured in vitro in the presence of different concentrations of NLGN-1 and NLGN-2. Morphological differentiation of OLs was observed by immunofluorescent staining and mRNA expression levels of myelin-associated genes were detected by Real-time PCR. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of myelin-related proteins. Results  NLGN-1, -2 accelerated the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature OLs, and promoted the ability of myelin sheath formation. In vitro culture conditions, the dosage of 500 μg/L had the best promotion effect on OLs differentiation and maturation, and NLGN-2 had better promoting effect than that of NLGN-1. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of myelin-associated genes myelin protein P0(MPZ), myelin basic protein(MBP) increased after the neuroligins treatments detected by  Real-time PCR. Western blotting result  showed that the expressions of MBP and MPZ increased significantly after 500 μg/L treatment with NLGN-1 and NLGN-2 for 12 hours. Conclusion  NLGN-1, -2 promote OLs differentiation and myelination. The positive effect of NLGN-2 is greater than that of NLGN-1 significantly, suggesting that the treatment with inhibitory synaptic-associated cytokines may improve the ability of myelin sheath formation in the central nervous system.

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
 Roscovitine rescuing neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in brain regions associated with Parkinson’s disease mice
LIU Ye CHU Ya-nan XU Ce-lu HE Jia-cheng SU Bing-yin TAI Hao-ran
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2023, 54 (6): 635-643.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2023.06.003
Abstract241)      PDF(pc) (10218KB)(1175)       Save
 Objective  To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of cell cycle-dependent kinase  (Cdk)5 inhibitor Roscovitine on 1-methyl4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced pathological changes in brain regions associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) model mice.     Methods  The effect of Roscovitine on the relative expression levels of P25 and Cdk5 proteins was detected by Western blotting in MPP+-treated cells. The ELISA method detected the effect of Roscovitine on the release of dopamine. Fifteen male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, PBS group, MPTP group, and MPTP + Roscovitine group, 5 mice in each group. PD model mice were prepared by intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/(kg ·d) MPTP for 7 consecutive days from the 3rd day in the MPTP + Roscovitine group, and 10 mg/(kg ·d) Roscovitine was injected intraperitoneally for 10 days in the MPTP + Roscovitine group, and the PBS group was given the same volume of PBS. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, the effect of Roscovitine on the behavior of PD model mice was detected by gait analysis, open field experiment, and rod rotation experiment. The effect of Roscovitineon the expression of neurons, glial cells, neuroinflammation and other related indexes in PD model mice such as nigrostriatal tyrosine hydrogenase (TH) and PD-related brain regions was detected by immunohistochemistry.     Results  Western blotting and ELISA showed that the expression levels of P25 and Cdk5 proteins and the release of dopamine decreased relatively low in MPP+ treated cells (P<0.01), Roscovitine could reduce the expression level of P25 and Cdk5 protein (P<0.05), increased the release of dopamine (P< 0.05); Compared with the PBS group, the PD model mice in the MPTP group had motor dysfunction and decreased the number of TH+ cells in the substantia nigra and striatum (P< 0.01). The number of positive cells in PD-related brain regions increased in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba1, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) kinase subunit α(IKKα), and p-IKK (P<0.05), and Roscovitine intervention significantly improved exercise capacity (P<0.01), increased TH(P<0.01), reduced GFAP, Iba1, IKKα, p-IKK (P< 0.05).    Conclusion  Roscovitine can reduce the loss of dopaminergic neurons and glial cell activation in PD-related brain regions of MPTP model mice, and inhibit the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects. 
Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Body characteristics of adults from 17 minorities of the Tibeto-Burman language group in China
GAO Wen-fang ZHENG Lian-bin XU Fei ZHANG Xing-hua YU Ke-li
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2023, 54 (1): 104-112.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2023.01.016
Abstract1461)      PDF(pc) (1317KB)(1128)       Save
Objective To understand the body characteristics of adults from the Tibeto-Burman language group.   Methods Totally 14 837 adults (6578 males and 8259 females) from 17 minorities were selected for investigation during 2015 to 2019 and these surveys were carried out in regions including Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan and Tibet Autonomous Region. Eight physical parameters (stature, sitting height, etc.) along with 4 corresponding indexes (stature-sitting index and the like) were carefully analyzed. The body characteristics of the Tibeto-Burman language group were then compared to those of certain minorities as well as Han in both northern and southern part of China based on our collected data.   Results Among 17 minorities of the Tibeto-Burman language group, people from Pumi and Tibet were relatively tall and have longer trunk and limbs. The presence of wider trunk and thicker limbs appeared to be common in Tibetan individuals. Subjects from Lahu, Jino and Derung were in possession of shorter stature and limbs while the trunk of Naxi, Lisu and Achang people seemed wider. Compared with other ethnic groups in China, individuals from the Tibeto-Burman language group tended to own shorter stature accompanied by medium trunk width, probably sharing similar physical characteristics with those minorities in southern China, especially She and Li.   Conclusion Among ethnic groups dotting in southern China, individuals from the Tibeto-Burman language group generally have medium stature, medium trunk height, and wide trunk whereas those from 3 Mon-Khmer groups, Va, Khmus and Blang, are shorter and smaller in width and height of the trunk. 
Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0

Panax notoginseng saponin relieving the inflammatory pain caused by complete Freund’s adjuvant by inhibiting the activation of astrocytes in mice

YUAN Lei YANG Zhi-wei YANG Hui LIU Zheng-hai HE Jie WAN Wei
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2024, 55 (1): 25-31.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2024.01.004
Abstract250)      PDF(pc) (4060KB)(1101)       Save

 Objective To analyse the analgesic effect and possible mechanism of panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) on mouse models of chronic inflammatory pain caused by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA).   Methods A total of 48 male C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into four groups: normal saline control group (Ctrl), CFA group (CFA), CFA + PNS group (CFA+PNS), CFA + dexamethasone (DEX) group (CFA+DEX). Von Frey filaments were used to detect mechanical pain in mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the number and morphological changes of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive astrocytes. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of GFAP, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), Caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 in mice’s spinal cord segments in each group.   Results Compared with the Ctrl group, mice in the CFA group showed a significant decrease in mechanical pain thresholds at day 1, day 3, day 5, day 7, and day 14. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in the spinal cord of the mice. PNS intervention could relieve mechanical pain and down-regulate the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in the spinal cord of mice, with no significant difference compared with the CFA+DEX group. CFA group mice had significantly more GFAP positive cells in their posterior horns than Ctrl group mice, as measured by immunohistochemistry; PNS intervention decreased the number of GFAP positive cells in the posterior horn of the spinal cord in model mice;DEX had no effect on the number of GFAP positive cells in the dorsal horn of spinal cord. According to Western blotting results, GFAP expression in the spinal cord of the CFA group was significantly more than that of the Ctrl group; PNS intervention significantly reduced GFAP expression in the spinal cord of CFA group mice;DEX had no effect on the expression of GFAP in the posterior horn of spinal cord.   Conclusion PNS has a good alleviating effect on inflammatory pain, and its mechanism may be related to inhibition of astrocyte activation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. 

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Comparison between two animal models of depression induced by corticosterone repeated injection and chronic unpredictable mild stress
HUANG Qiao-ling WU Hua-li CAI Min-xuan XIA Zhen-jiang SHANG Jing
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2017, 48 (3): 273-281.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2017.03.005
Abstract1700)      PDF(pc) (625KB)(1022)       Save

Objective To assess the differences in behavior and molecular mechanism of C57BL/6 mice subjected to repeated corticosterone injection (CORT) or chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and to provide a theoretical reference for antidepressants screening and evaluation. Methods Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were divided into control group, CORT group and CUMS group. During the 3 week stress period, body weights of mice were measured every 3 days. After stress exposure, the open-field test, force swimming test and tail-suspension test were used to evaluate the behavioral changes, with serum corticosterone measured by ELISA. Histological studies were carried out the hippocampal neuron damage with Nissl staining, while the expressions of brain CRH, BDNF, p-CREB and p-ERK protein or gene transcripts were analyzed by Western blotting or PCR. Results Compared with the control group, the number of grooming was significantly decreased in the CORT group, with no significant changes in frequency of crossing and rearing. In the CUMS group, the numbers of rearing and crossing were significantly decreased, while the frequency of grooming was not changed. In the force swimming and tail suspension tests, the time of immobility was significantly increased in both CORT and CUMS groups compared with the control group. Serum corticosterone levels were significantly higher in CORT and CUMS groups than control group. Comparing between the two model and the control groups, there was no significant difference in the thymus index, while the spleen index in the CORT group was significantly decreased. The density of CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus regions Nissl stained neurons reduced in both CUMS and CORT group, especially in CORT group. Through PCR detection, levels of brain CRH mRNA in both CORT and CUMS group were significantly higher than the control group. Levels of BDNF, p-CREB and p-ERK protein were decreased in the CORT and CUMS groups relative to control, whereas CRH protein levels were higher in the former two groups. Conclusion Both the CORT and CUMS models present depression behaviors, which appears to reflect dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. There is no significant difference between CORT and CUMS models in behavior alteration, hippocampal formation and protein expression of BDNF-p-CREB and ERK signaling pathway. In conclusion, the CORT model could be a useful model of depression and might be applied for mechanism research and antidepressant screening. The CORT model has an advantage of simple operation and shorter modeling cycle over the CUMS model.

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Effects of different fixing agents on tumor cell morphology and membrane permeability
WANG Xiao-jie ZHANG Yu-xiang
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2019, 50 (3): 392-394.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.03.021
Abstract622)      PDF(pc) (5349KB)(1017)       Save

Objective To observe the effect of different fixative solutions on cancer cell morphology and membrane permeability. Methods Human pancreatic acinar epithelial carcinona(HPAC) cells of human pancreatic cancer and HeLa cells of human cervical cancer were fixed with 4 fixation solutions: freshly prepared 0.25% paraformaldehyde solution; Freshly prepared 4% paraformaldehyde solution; 75% ethanol solution; 90% ethanol solution. The fixation time is 30 minutes. PBS solution and complete medium were used as the controls. Cell morphology of each group was observed under optical microscope. Changes in cell membrane permeability were observed by fluorescence staining with 7-aminoactinomycin (7-AAD), which is not cell membrane permeable in intact cells but permeable in damaged cells. Hoechst33342 was used for staining both intact and damaged cells. Results The cells in the complete medium group were similar to unfixed cells in morphology, and the fluorescence staining of 7-AAD was the weakest. The cells in the complete medium group have typical cell morphology and low 7-AAD permeability. The 0.25% paraformaldehyde solution group had similar cell morphology to the complete medium group, and the 7-AAD fluorescence staining was weak. The morphology of cells in the 4% paraformaldehyde solution group was typical, but the fluorescence staining of 7-AAD was strong. The cells in the 90% ethanol solution group showed swelling, with a larger volume than the unfixed cells and a stronger fluorescence staining of 7-AAD. The cell swelling in 75% ethanol solution group was not as obvious as that in 90% ethanol solution group, and the fluorescence staining of 7-AAD was strong. The cells in PBS group were round, and the fluorescence staining of 7-AAD was strong. Conclusion 0.25% paraformaldehyde solution can not only fix tumor cells, but also maintain the integrity of cell membrane.

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Inhibitory effect of sodium ferulate on inflammatory response in migraine rats based on c-Jun N-terminal kinase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
LIANG Pan-pan YU Ai-mei DU Jing KOU Wen-hui WANG Huan-huan SONG Ai-xia
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2023, 54 (6): 652-659.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2023.06.005
Abstract212)      PDF(pc) (12512KB)(987)       Save
Objective  To explore the inhibitory effect of sodium ferulate (SF) on the inflammatory response in migraine rats by regulating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway.   Methods  The migraine rat model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of nitroglycerin. After successful modeling, the rats were randomly grouped into model group, SF low dose (SF-L) group (50 mg/kg), SF high dose (SF-H) group (100 mg/kg), SF+JNK inhibitor (SF + SP600125) group (SF 100 mg/kg +SP600125 10 mg/kg), and SF+JNK activator[SF + anisomycin(AN) group (SF 100 mg/kg +AN 5 mg/kg), 12 in each group, another 12 SD rats without treatment were taken as blank group. The behavioral changes of the rats in each group were observed 24 hours after the administration, the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum were detected by ELISA, the neuronal apoptosis in brain tissue was observed by TUNEL staining, immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in brain tissue, Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of JNK/p38 MAPK pathway-related proteins in brain tissue.     Results  Compared with the blank group, the number of times of scratching the head and climbing the cage of the rats in the model group increased significantly, and the apoptosis rate of neurons increased significantly; the content of 5-HT in serum decreased significantly, and the levels of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 increased significantly; the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and CGRP, and the ratios of phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK)/JNK and phosphorylated p38 MAPK(p-p38 MAPK)/p38 MAPK in brain tissue obviously increased (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the number of times of scratching the head and the times of climbing the cage of the rats in the SF-L group and the SF-H group reduced significantly, and the neuron apoptosis rate reduced significantly; the content of 5-HT in serum increased significantly, and the levels of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 decreased significantly; the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and CGRP, and the ratios of p-JNK/JNK and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK in brain tissue obviously decreased (all P<0.05). Compared with SF-H group, the protective effect of SF on migraine rats in SF+SP600125 group  enhanced significantly; the protective effect of SF on migraine rats in the SF+AN group reversed significantly.    Conclusion  SF may inhibit the expression of JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway, effectively inhibit neurogenic inflammatory response in migraine rats, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and achieve a protective effect on migraine rats.
Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Mechanisms of pain hypersensitivity in a mouse model of chronic compression of dorsal root ganglia 
TAO Jin WANG Tao ZHU Jie MA Chao
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2019, 50 (2): 152-157.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.02.003
Abstract516)      PDF(pc) (3191KB)(974)       Save

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of pain hypersensitivity to lowdose capsaicin in a mouse model of chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion (CCD). Methods Chronic compression of L4 DRG was performed in mice by inserting an L-shaped stainless steel rod into the L4 intervertebral foramina. Different doses of capsaicin(0.01, 0.1, 1 g/L)1 μl were injected into the skin on the calf area and behavior responses were videotaped on pre-CCD 1 days and post-CCD 1, 3, 5, 7 days. The optimal concentration that led to a significant difference after CCD was determined and was used in the following in-vivoDRG imaging studies. Immunofluorescent staining was conducted to evaluate the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in DRG from na?ve and CCD mice. Results Behavioral tests showed that 0.1 g/L capsaicin elicits a significant difference in pain-like behaviors after CCD(n=8; post-CCD 1 day, P<0.01; post-CCD 5, 7 days P<0.01; post-CCD 3 days, P> 0.05. In vivocalcium imaging showed an enhanced number of activated DRG neurons to the injection of capsaicin in CCD mice, which was 75 in total of 398(n=4) for control mice and 169 in total of 382(n=6) (P<0.01). According to immunofluorescent staining results, there were 148 TRPV1+ neurons in total 653 counted neurons (n=10) for control mice and 237 TRPV1+ neurons in total of 611 neurons (n=6) for CCD mice (P<0.01). Conclusion Chronically compressed DRG neurons show upregulated TRPV1 receptor and enhanced responses to low-dose capsaicin, that produce pain hypersensitivity in the CCD mice.

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Mechanism of melatonin regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in hypothalamus delaying the initiation of puberty in female mice mice
CHEN Zi-xuan SI Li-na SHU Wei-han ZHANG Xin WEI Chen-yang CHENG Lu-yang YANG Song-he QIAO Yue-bing
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2023, 54 (6): 644-651.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2023.06.004
Abstract217)      PDF(pc) (7379KB)(973)       Save
Objective  To explore the effect of melatonin (MLT) on the initiation of puberty in female mice and on the expression level of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the hypothalamus.    Methods  Seventy-eight 20-day-old female KM mice were randomly divided into melatonin (MLT) group and normal saline (NS) group, with 39 mice in each group. Starting at 22 days of age, the MLT group was given a subcutaneous injection of 1mg/kg melatonin and the NS group was given an equal volume of saline. Thirty-two days of age were selected as the sampling point before puberty initiation and 13 mice were executed in each of the two groups, while 37 and 42 days of age were selected as the sampling point after puberty initiation and 13 mice were executed in each of the two groups. Observation of vaginal opening time in mice, weighing of ovaries and uterus to calculate organ indices. HE staining to observe the number of ovarian corpora lutea. The levels of serum luteinizing hormone(LH)were determined by ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in hypothalamus were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting.    Results  Compared with the normal saline group, mice in the melatonin group had significantly delayed vaginal opening time (P<0.05), decreased significantly ovarian and uterine volume and index (P<0.05), decreased significantly serum LH levels (P<0.05), and decreased significantly mRNA and protein expression levels of the hypothalamic PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway(P<0.05).   Conclusion  Melatonin delays puberty initiation in mice by a mechanism that may be related to inhibition of the hypothalamic PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. 
Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Whole-mount intramuscular nerve distribution pattern of medial and lateral plantar muscles and its clinical significance
LUO Lin-fen DENG Qun CHEN Li-yun LI Ya-fang YANG Sheng-bo
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2021, 52 (2): 264-269.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.02.016
Abstract540)      PDF(pc) (5681KB)(968)       Save
Objective  To reveal the whole-mount distribution pattern of intramuscular nerves in the medial and lateral plantar muscles and to explore its clinical significance.    Methods  Twenty-four adult cadavers were dissected to remove the medial and lateral groups of the plantar muscles. The distribution pattern of the intramuscular nerves was demonstrated by modified Sihler’s staining.    Results  The nerve branch for adductor hallucis muscle entered the muscle from the deep surface of the insertion of the muscle, while those nerve branches for abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, abductor digiti minimi and flexor digiti minimi brevis muscles entered the muscle from the deep side of the origin of the muscle. There were one lunate and one rectangular intramuscular nerve dense regions (INDRs) in the abductor hallucis muscle; two reniform INDRs in the transverse head of the adductor hallucis muscle, one reniform and one rectangular INDRs in the oblique head of the adductor hallucis muscle; there were two rectangle INDRs in the flexor hallucis brevis, abductor digiti minimi and flexor digiti minimi brevis muscles. These five muscles were divided into two neuromuscular compartment, but the percentage position of INDR and the center of INDR on muscle length in each muscle were different.    Conclusion  These result  may provide morphological guidance for surgical operation to avoid nerve injury, the selection and matching of muscle transplantation and the injection of botulinum toxin A to block the spasticity of these muscles.
Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Research progress on fenestrated regulation of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic steatosis
WANG Qiao-zhi FAN Jing ZHANG Wei-guang
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2017, 48 (6): 766-770.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2017.06.023
Abstract635)      PDF(pc) (214KB)(967)       Save

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are gossamer-thin cells that line the hepatic sinusoid and they are perforated with pores called fenestrations clustered in sieve plates. There is growing evidence that fenestrations may work as a permselective ultrafiltration installation which is important for the hepatic to uptake substrates, particularly metabolism of lipoproteins. Abnormal fenestratel structure had been considered as a vital factor to liver lipid metabolism disorders. This review mainly focused on the relationship between ultrastructure of the fenestration, the fenestrated mechanism, the regulation factor of fenestration, and hepatic steatosis.

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
A transoral endoscopic approach to locate the parapharyngeal segment of the internal carotid artery
WANG Zhen-lin ZHANG Qiu-hang LIU Jun-qi QI Yan ZHANG Si-yuan HOU Si-yuan
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2020, 51 (5): 677-681.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.05.007
Abstract304)      PDF(pc) (6055KB)(886)       Save
Objective To establish an anatomically-based method  for locating the parapharyngeal segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) via transoral endoscopy.   Methods Applied anatomic study was performed in 4 fresh adult cadaver heads (8 sides) via transoral endoscopy to explore the infratemporal fossa/parapharyngeal space. The localization method  based on anatomic plane was subsequently used in 37 cases of tumor surgery in this area, with the operational accuracy evaluated.   Results Following dissection of the layers of pharyngeal constrictor, anterio fascia of the longus capitis and stylopharyngeal fascia, the junction of the latter two was identified as a potential landmark to locate the parapharyngeal ICA in surgery. Following practice on the patients, a success rate of 93.10% was achieved by using this method  for ICA localization.   Conclusion The parapharyngeal ICA localization method  based on anatomic plane is clinically reliabie.
Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Research progress on the balance regulation of osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell
ZHAN Xiu-wen YANG Lei ZHENG Mei-rong WANG Xin-ping XU Xiao-yuan
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2019, 50 (3): 400-404.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.03.023
Abstract760)      PDF(pc) (997KB)(885)       Save

Osteoporosis (OP), a systemic bone metabolism disease, mainly manifested in the decrease of bone mass, the increase of bone fragility and the microstructure degeneration of the bone. Along with the in-depth research of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, the imbalance differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) (Osteogenic differentiation decrease and adipogenic differentiation increase) is the main reason that causes osteoporosis. In this paper, we summarize the signal pathways of osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Better understand these signal pathways is conducive to elucidate and treat osteoporosis.

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0
Effects of microRNA-103a-3p on osteoporosis through tumor protein 53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1/P53
HUANG Jie-he WANG Qian JIA Shun-jie YANG Sheng
Acta Anatomica Sinica    2024, 55 (2): 174-180.   DOI: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2024.02.007
Abstract199)      PDF(pc) (10692KB)(875)       Save
Objective To investigate the efeects of microRNA(miR)-103a-3p regulates tumor protein 53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1(TRIAP1) on osteoblast differentiation and bone mass in ovariectomized mice.    Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into normal group, miR-103a-3p-NC group, miR-103a-3p mimic group, miR-103a-3p mimic + TRIAP1-NC group, miR-103a-3p mimic + TRIAP1 mimic group. mRNA expression of miR-103a-3p, TRIAP1, P53 were detected by Real-time PCR; Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT test and flow cytometry; cytoskeleton and mineralization of cells were detected by F-actin immunofluorescence staining and alizarin staining; alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity was detected by ELISA. 24 female mice were divided into sham group, osteoporosis(OP) group, miR-103a-3p antagonist-NC group, miR-103a-3p antagonist group(six in each group), extract bilateral ovaries to establish an OP model, sham group mice only isolated fat around ovarian tissue. mRNA expression of miR-103a-3p, TRIAP1, P53, ALP, osteocalcin(OCN), osteopontin(OPN) of bone tissue were detected; microCT detect bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC); haematoxylin eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes of bone tissue.   Results After miR-103a-3p mimic was transfected into cells, the miR-103a-3p and P53 expression increased, TRIAP1 expression decreased, cell proliferation decreased, apoptosis increased, F-actin expression decreased, the number of calcium nodules decreased, and ALP enzyme activity decreased (P<0.01); however, after TRIAP1 mimic was additionally transfected into cells, the above result  caused by miR-103a-3p mimics were significantly reversed (P<0.01). In OP group, the miR-103a-3p and P53 expression in bone tissue increased, the TRIAP1, ALP, OCN and OPN expression decreased, BMD and BMC were decreased, and bone tissue construct was damaged(P<0.05); in miR-103a-3p antagonist group, the miR-103a-3p and P53 expression in bone tissue decreased, TRIAP1, ALP, OCN, OPN expression increased, BMD and BMC increased, and bone tissue construct was improved (P<0.05).   Conclusion MiRNA-103a-3p mediate TRIAP1/P53 to inhibit proliferation and mineralization of osteoblast, while miR-103a-3p antagonistic treatment reduce bone loss in OP mice.

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments0