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2009, Volume 40 Issue 2
06 April 2009 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Proteomics analysis during foreign nerve regeneration after somatic-autonomic nerve anastomosis 2009, 40 (2):  169-174.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 001 Abstract ( )   Objective Using proteomics to explore the phasic expression profiles of proteins in rat during foreign nerve regeneration after somatic-autonomic nerve anastomosis. Methods The artificial somaticautonomic nerve anatomosis were established in rats. Foreign nerves and contralateral somatic nerves were collected at 7,14 and 28 days respectively after operation. Extracts of foreign nerves were analyzed by two-dimensional gel eletrophoresis and the differential proteins were measured by matrix asisisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The data obtained from peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) were used in protein database search and the protein identification. Results Mass spectrometric analysis identified 25 proteins displayed different function, including proteins in myeline sheath, inflammatory factors at acute stage, nerve cell cytoskeletal proteins and lipid metabolism proteins etc. The differential proteins may play a part at the process of Wallerian degeneration,axon regeneration and remyelinization. Conclusion Through proteome study we acquired time sequence protein expressions of regenerated foreign nerve,and successfully identified 25 proteins correlated with the process of foreign nerve regeneration. These results suggest that Schwann cells and macrophage cells may play important roles in the process of the foreign nerve regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects on the structure of cerebral temporal lobe cortex and activities of ADA，SDH，NOS and GSH of filial mice after injecting heroin in pregnant mice 2009, 40 (2):  175-182.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02.002 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the effects of heroin on the structure of cerebral temporal lobe cortex and activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA)， succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)， nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and glutathione (GSH) of developmental filial mice. Methods Forty-eight pregnant mice at the eighth day began to be continuously injected with three different concentrations (1.0g/L，1.5g/L and 2.0g/L) of heroin and the same amount of saline until the birth of filial mice. Cerebral weight of filial mice was weighted. And it was observed that the changes of the cerebral temporal lobe cortex of filial mice by bio-microscopy，and detected that the activities of ADA，SDH，NOS and GSH by colorimetry at embryo 15 days and postnatal ages of 1 day， 7 days， 15 days from all experimental groups. Results The development of filial cerebral was affected by heroin. The cerebral weight of experimental group was significantly lighter than that of the control group. The structure of filial cerebral temporal lobe of experiment group was not clear. The thickness of filial cerebral decreased and the number of neurons reduced except those in the cerebral temporal lobe cortex Ⅵ at embryo 15 days and postnatal 1 day Compared with the control group，ADA，SDH and NOS activities in brain increased while GSH activity decreased significantly at embryo 15 days after administration of heroin (EM>P/EM><0.01 or EM>P/EM><0.05)，but the recovery of these activities at postnatal 15 days varied with different doses. All of these activities subsequently recovered to the normal level slowly in heroin administration (1.0g/L)；Activities of NOS and SDH also recovered to the normal level while others remained significantly affected at the dose of 1.5g/L；ADA，SDH and NOS activities were still higher and GSH activity was lower than that of the control in 2.0g/L group. Results of EM>Two-Way AN Related Articles | Metrics

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The developed expression of neural adhesion molecule NB-3 in the transgene mice 2009, 40 (2):  183-186.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 003 Abstract ( )   Objective Investigated the expression of NB-3 in the mouse during the development of the central nervous system. Methods We utilized the heterozygote of NB-3 transgenic mouse which labeled by the EM>Lac Z/EM> gene. X-gal staining was used to detect the expression and location of NB-3 in brain of E12, E14, E16, E18, P0, P7, P14 and adult mice. Results 1. NB-3 was detected first in the E14 during embryonic development. Then it was also detected in the surrounding lateral cerebral ventricle, cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus and hippocampus. It mainly focused on the region of the Ⅱ/Ⅲ, Ⅴ layers of the cortex. 2. Early in the postnatal period in the cerebrum, the expression of NB-3 increased abruptly to a high level, reaching maximum at the postnatal seventh day. Thereafter, the expression declined a little, and it maintained during adulthood. 3. The distribution of NB-3 was widespread in the cerebrum of adult mouse. The strongest expression was detected in the layers Ⅱ/Ⅲ and Ⅴ, the piriform cortex, the amygdala, the thalamus, the hypothalamus and CA1 of the hippocampus etc. Conclusion NB-3 is widely expressed not only in the embryonic period but also in the adulthood although the expression intensity is different. These results suggest that NB-3 may pl Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of eukaryotic expression vector containing rat Hes1 gene and expression in neural precursor cells for the study of its differentiation functions 2009, 40 (2):  187-192.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 004 Abstract ( )   Objective To clone rat Hes1 gene cDNA, construct its eukaryotic expression vector and obtain positive neural precursor cell clones expressing Hes1 gene stably，Then to study their effects to the differentiation of neural precursor cells. Methods The total RNA was extracted from 14 days Wistar rat brain. The full-length cDNA encoding Hes1 gene was obtained using RT-PCR method and inserted into pGEM T Easy cloning vector. After the sequencing was confirmed, the gene was subcloned to pCDNA3.1 to construct recombinant eukaryotic expression vectors of pCDNA3.1-Hes1. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into neural precursor cells from cortex of 14 days Wistar rat brain by lipofectamine method and positive cell clones were screened with G418. The existence of Hes1 gene in the transfected cells genomic DNA， and the over-expression of their mRNA in the transfected cells were confirmed with Fluorescent quantitative real-time RT-PCR(FQ-PCR). Results Enzyme digestion analysis and sequencing showed that the target genes were cloned into recombinant vector. The existence and over-expression of Hes1 gene in the transfected neural precursor cells was identified with FQ-PCR and it display that HES1 mRNA have high expressed in the transfected neural precursor cells.Conclusion The eukaryotic expression plasmid containing Hes1 genes were successfully constructed. The positive neural precursor cell clones expressing Hes1 gene stably were obtained, which may be a promising cell model for studying the biological function of Hes1 genes and the role of Hes1 genes in the differentiation of neural precursor cells. The experiment manifested that the high expression of Hes1 can restrain the expression of Ngn1 gene，and enhance the neural precursor cells differentiation to Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion on β-amyloid peptide in the brain of rats 2009, 40 (2):  193-198.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 005 Abstract ( )   P>Objective To investigate the changes of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the distributions of Aβ subtype in rat brain under the condition of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods Cerebral blood hypoperfusion rat model by bilateral common carotid artery permanent ligation was made. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the distributions and expressions of APP, Aβ SUB>1-40/SUB> and Aβ SUB>1-42/SUB> The amyloidosis of the blood vessels was observed by Congo red staining. Radioimmunoassay and Western blotting were employed to test the levels of Aβ and APP in cortex and hippocampus. Results Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the both APP and Aβ/P> P>SUB>1-40/SUB> were increased in hippocampal CA1 district after 90d hypoperfusion (both P<0.05), APP, Aβ/P> P>SUB>1-40/SUB> and Aβ SUB>1-42/SUB> did so in cortex and hippocampal CA1 district after 180d hypoperfusion (Aβ/P> P>SUB>1-40/SUB> in cortex EM>P/EM><0.01, others EM>P/EM><0.05). Aβ SUB>1-40/SUB> distributed homogeneously, while Aβ SUB>1-42/SUB> was aggregated in cytoplasm. Cerebral amyloid an Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of SDF-1 in hippocampal formation during spatial learning and memory in rats 2009, 40 (2):  199-203.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 006 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the relation between spatial learning and memory and expression of SDF-1 chemokin in rat hippocampal formation. Methods Immunohistochemistry, Westernblotting and RT-PCR were used to study changes of SDF-1 protein in hippocampual formation during spatial learning and memory in rats. Results 1. The immunohistochemistry result showed that the SDF-1 immunoreactive positive neurons were mainly distributed in each subregion and each layer of hippocampus, and were mainly round in shape the while positive pyramidal and fusiform neurons were rare. The number of the positive neurons was more in trained group than that in control groups(P<0.01). 2. The Western blotting result showed that expression of SDF-1 protein was significantly higher in trained group than that in control groups(P<0.01). In trained group, expression of SDF-1 was gradually increased with training. 3. The RT-PCR result showed that level of SDF-1 mRNA transcription was significantly higher in trained group than that in control groups(P<0.01), and the level of SDF-1 mRNA in the trained group was gradually increased with training duration. There was no group differences between control group and swimming group as shown by immunochemistry, Western blotting and RT-PCR shown. Conclusion The spatial learning and memory induced expression of SDF-1 in rat hippocampus and it may have relation with formation of new microcircle pathway in hippocampus during the period of spatial learning and memory. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of RAGE and LRP-1 in the cortex and hippocampus of rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion 2009, 40 (2):  204-210.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 007 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the change of receptor for advanced glycation and products(RAGE) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1(LRP-1) in rats’ brain under the condition of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods Chronic cerebral blood hypoperfusion rat model made by bilateral common carotid artery permanent ligation was used, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were employed to test the distribution and levels of RAGE and LRP-1 in cortex and hippocampus. Results Compared to controls, the immunoreactivity of RAGE was increased in microvascular endothelium from 10 days after hypoperfusion and decreased in neurons from 30 days after hypoperfusion in cortex and hippocampus, whereas the expression of LRP-1 was decreased in endothelium and increased in neurons. Western blotting results showed that levels of RAGE in cortex and hippocampus began to increase from 10 days after hypoperfusion significantly, while LRP-1 was significantly increased from 180 days after hypoperfusion. Conclusion Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion could lead to the changes of distribution of RAGE and LRP-1 between neuron and microvascular and increased expression of both protein, which implies that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion may play a very important role in early pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of sonic hedgehog on the proliferation and differentitation of neural stem cells 2009, 40 (2):  211-214.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 008 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the effect of sonic hedgehog on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Methods NSCs isolated from the cortex and hippocampus of rat embryos. were divided into SHH group, RA group and PBS group, which were treated with sonic hedgehog (SHH), retinoic acid (RA) or PBS condition medium respectively. Effect of these treatments on the proliferation and differentiation of the NSCs were detected by immunocytochemistry. Results NSCs could grow quickly and form neurospheres in culture. The cells in the neurospheres were positive for nestin which is one of the NSC markers. After the medium was supplemented with BrdU for 3h, the percentage of BrdU positive cells in the SHH group was significantly higher than that of the RA group and PBS group. However, there was no obvious difference between RA group and PBS group. After the NSCs were cultured in differentiating condition medium for 7 days, the percentages of βⅢ-ubulin and Rip positive cells in the SHH treated group were significantly higher than that in the RA and PBS treated groups. Conclusions SHH could promote NSC proliferation and differentiation into neurons and oligodendrocytes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphology and protein expression features of the mono-clone human pancreatic stem cell 2009, 40 (2):  215-218.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 009 Abstract ( )   Objective Cell morphology and expression features of the monoclonal human pancreatic stem cell line were studied. Methods Pancreatic tissues were taken from ten abortive fetuses of 4-5 month-old by sterile procedures, and digested with collagenase. Primary pancreatic cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagles’s Medium. These cells were further digested with trypsin for propagation. Pancreatic stem cells were gradually purified during generations. The monoclonl human pancreatic stem cells were selected by clone-ring, and further proliferated. Cells which had better viability were preserved in liquid nitrogen. Morphological features of the monoclonal human pancreatic stem cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin and giemsa staining. Ultrastructure was analyzed by transmission electron microscope. Expression characteristics were demonstrated by immunocytochemistry staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results A monoclonal human pancreatic stem cell line which was derived from a male abortive fetus of 4 month-old was established, and had been passed though 50 generations. More than 1×10SUP>9/SUP> monoclonal human pancreatic stem cells were cryo-preserved in liquid nitrogen. The monoclonal human pancreatic stem cell had a polygonal epithelioid morphology with a round or oval caryon and mono or double or poly-nucleolus. The ratio of caryon and cytoplasm was large. There were underdeveloped endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and no excretory granule in cytoplasm. These cells were positive for the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor 1 (pdx1), glucagon, nestin and cytokeratin 19 (CK19), and negative for the insulin, cyclin-dependent 34 (CD34), CD44 and CD45 protein expression. Also, transcription factors of the pdx1, glucagon and nestin were expressed. Conclusion A monoclonal human pancreatic stem cell line which co-expressed the pdx1, glucagon, nestin and CK19 proteins was established and identified for the fir Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and significance of vascular endothelial growth factor C and its receptor 3 in malignant melanoma 2009, 40 (2):  219-222.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 010 Abstract ( )   Objective To elucidate the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3), in malignant melanoma lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis, we observed the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in proteins and mRNA level in malignant melanoma. Methods The expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 protein was examined in 48 human malignant melanoma cases (30 paraffin-embedded specimens and 18 fresh tumor specimens) by immunohistochemistry and VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 mRNA was examined in 18 fresh tumor specimens using RT-PCR. lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor(LYVE-1) was measured for detecting lymphatic vessels, and lymphatic vessel density (LMVD) was observed in lymph node metastatic and non-metastatic malignant melanoma. Results VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 proteins were detected in malignant melanoma cells, vascular endothelium and lymphatic endothelium in peritumor stroma also showed VEGFR-3 expression. The expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 protein in lymph node metastatic malignant melanoma was significantly higher than that in the non-metastatic group respectively (P<0.05). Eighteen fresh tissue samples were examined for gene expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 using RT-PCR, the VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the lymph node metastatic group than that in the nonmetastatic group, respectively (P<0.01). LYVE-1 was mainly expressed mainly in the lymphatic endothelium in peritumor stroma, LMVD was 9.845±2.454 and 6.534±2.193 in the metastatic and non-metastatic group, respectively, and the LMVD was significantly higher in the lymph node metastatic group than that in the non-metastatic group (P<0.01). Conclusion Higher expression of VEGF-C in malignant melanoma can up-regulate the expression of VEGFR-3, and the interaction of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 can facilitate tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in malignan Related Articles | Metrics

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Curcumin induces apoptosis of immortalized human epithelial cell line HaCaT 2009, 40 (2):  223-227.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 011 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the apoptosis effect of curcumin(Cur) on the immortalized human epithelial cell line HaCaT. Methods The apoptosis effect were detected cell by cell count, flow cytometry analysis, DNA gel electrophoresis, Hoechst33258 staining,HE staining, and electron microscopy. Results After treated with 7.5mg/L curcumin the proliferation of HaCaT cells were inhibited, and the inhibitory rate was 83.03%. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that curcumin could induced the emergence of the phase of apoptosis, and the rate was 13.1%,the cell cycle were arrested in GSUB>2/SUB>/M phase. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that cell DNA fragment exhibited characteristic “DNA ladder”. Cell nucleus concentrated and appeared granular fluorescence by Hoechst33258 staining. Light microscope and electron microscope showed that the cells treated with curcumin shrinked, cell nucleus concerntrated.chromatin agglutinated, mitochondria swelled, and apoptosis body formed. Conclusion This study suggests that curcumin could induce apoptosis of immortalized human epithelial cell line HaCaT effectively, and provided an important foundation for further studying the consenescence and apoptosis mechanisms of the epid Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship of both 5-HT immunoreactive endocrine cells and mast cells in gastrointestinal tract with liver regeneration 2009, 40 (2):  228-234.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 012 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the relationship between 5-HT immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) endocrine cells and mast cells (MCs) in gastrointestinal tract and liver with liver regeneration. Methods One hundred and fifty adult SD rats were divided into three groups: control, operation control (OC) and test group. After 2/3 rat hepatectomy (partial hepatectomy, PH), three tissues (stomach, small intestine and liver) at different phases were taken out, then both 5-HT-IR endocrine cells and 5-HT-IR MCs in tissues were detected by immunohistochemical technique and MCs in tissues were identified by toluidine blue technique. In OC group, the protocols were the same, but liver was not resected. Results 1. Compared with the control, the amounts of 5-HT-IR endocrine cells in both stomach and small intestine in test and OC groups decreased 2 hours after PH (stomach P<0.05, intestinal P<0.01), but increased significantly at 6-72 hours (P<0.01) in test group. 5-HT-IR endocrine cells were not found in liver；2. Concerning the number of MCs in three tissues, there were no differnece between different phases and control except for reducing 48-96 hours after PH in liver in test group; 3.The amounts of 5-HT-IR MCs in stomach increased at 3.6 hours and 96 hours after PH(P<0.05), then increased significantly at 12-72 hours (P<0.01). The ones in small intestine increased at 2 hours and 120 hours after PH(P<0.05), then increased significantly at 3-96 hours (P<0.01). The ones in liver was decreased 48-72 hours after PH(P<0.05). In OC group, there were no differnece between different phases and control in three tissues. 4. 5-HT positive rate of MCs in stomach increased gradually 2.96 hours after PH, and one in small intestine did 0.5-120 hours (P<0.05). 5-HT positive rate in liver were increased slightly at 1.5-24hours, but decreased significantly 48-72 hours after PH. There was no differnece between OC group and control. Conclusion The amounts of both 5-HT-IR endocrine cells and 5-HT-IR MCs in gastrointestinal tract increased significantly during hepatocyte proliferation after PH, the data indicate these cells may provide 5-HT for liver regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of Sylgard184 coated with different matrix materials and C2C12 cells 2009, 40 (2):  235-239.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 013 Abstract ( )   Objective An attempt was undertaken to acquire the ideal matrix material that can enhance the compatibility between silicone rubber elastomer(sylgard184) and murine C2C12 cells. Methods Two-component of Sylgard184 admixture to the ratio of 10∶1 was made then mixed into 4 wells of 6 Orifice plastic plate, solidification was carried out at room temperature, and the remaining 2 holes without coating were taken as blank control (group A).The surfaces of 4 wells were coated by collagen type I, laminin and poly-lisine, respectively as group B, C and D,and the wells of uncoating as group E,every group had six samples. C2C12 cells were cultured on the surface of Sylgard184 coated with different matrix material, Cell proliferation, differentiation morphology of five groups of C2C12 cells were observed by the inverted microscopy. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the cell generation cycle of C2C12 cells after enrichment culture 48 hours.RT-PCR was used to test MyoD, myogenin mRNA expression, cell proliferation or differentiation cultured for 48 hours respectively that growed on coated or uncoated surfaces of Sylgard184.Results Sylgard184 showed the cytotoxicity, E group C2C12 cells were all floating and dead 24 hours after seeded.D group cells were only a few survived. While B and C groups can significantly reduce the toxicity of Sylagard184, and strengthen the compatibility between their surface and C2C12 cells. The ratio of S-phase cell in group C coated with laminin was significantly higher than that of in group A and B (P<0.05),as well as the mRNA expression of MyoD and Myogenin. Conclusion The data suggest that Sylgard184 modified by laminin is superior to that modified by other biomaterials, in terms of which can enhance the proliferation and differentiation of cultured C2C12 cells EM>in vitro./EM> Related Articles | Metrics

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Coculture of supporting cell and spermatogonia in testes of neonatal kunming mice and the effect of Sertoli cell 2009, 40 (2):  240-245.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 014 Abstract ( )   Objective To isolate and purify Sertoli cells in testes of 7-8 days postnatal mice and to investigate the influence of Sertoli cells on spermatogonia cultured EM>in vitro/EM> by the Co-culture of spermatogonia and Sertoli cell. Methods\ The techniques of combined enzymatic digestion，discontinuous percoll gradients centrifugation were used prepare testicular cells suspension. Sertoli cells identified by Sudan IV staining，treated by mitomycin wereserved as feeder cells to coculture spermatogonia with the Sertoli cells layer. Compared to the spermatogonia directly cultured，the size of spermatogonia clones and spermatogonia survival time were observed and recorded under inverted phase contrast microscope, the survival quantity of spermatogonia was determined by MTT assay，and the apoptosis of the spermatogenic cells was detected by Annexin-Ⅴ-FITC/PI staining，observed under laser confocal scanning microscope. Difference of the size of spermatogonia clones，survival time，proliferation rate and apoptosis rate were compared between both groups. Results Sertoli cells purity can reach to 95% and above after being identified by Sudan Ⅳ staining. Compared with the control group，the size of spermatoginia clones is larger，spermatogoni Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects and mechanism of highglucose on growth and apoptosis of Schwann cells EM>in vitro/EM> 2009, 40 (2):  246-249.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 015 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the effects and possible mechanism of highglucose on rat Schwann cells growth and apoptosis EM>in vitro/EM>. Methods Schwann cells were cultured with different concentrations of glucose for 72 hours. MTT assays were used to detect the activities of SCs. Apoptosis was observed by TUNEL assay. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax protein were evaluated by Western blotting assay. Results In high-glucose (60mmol/L，90mmol/L) group，the activity of SCs was decreased and the rate of apoptosis was increased. The expression level of Bcl-2 in SCs was decreased while Bax expression level was increased in high glucose culture. Conclusion High glucose inhibits the growth of SCs and increases the cell apoptosis，which is possibly caused by decreasin Related Articles | Metrics

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Pentoxifylline inhibits hepatic apoptosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats 2009, 40 (2):  250-255.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02.016 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the mechanism of apoptosis related gene in the course of NASH and the effect of pentoxifylline on hepatic apoptosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) in rats. Methods Rats fed a standard diet for one week were randomly divided into eight groups, 8 weeks control group(EM>n/EM>=6), 8 weeks model group(EM>n/EM>=10), 12 weeks control group(EM>n/EM>=6), 12 weeks model group(EM>n/EM>=10), the 12 weeks PTX treatment group(EM>n/EM>=10), 16 weeks control group(EM>n/EM>=6), 16 weeks model group(EM>n/EM>=10), and the 16 weeks PTX treatment group(EM>n/EM>=10), The three model groups and the two PTX treatment groups were fed a highfat diet. Meanwhile the rats fed a standard diet served as control groups .After 8 weeks, the 8 weeks control group and the 8 weeks model group were sacrificed, while the 12 weeks PTX treatment group were given PTX ［16 mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d)］ by intragastric administration. In the end of 12 weeks, the 12 weeks control group ,the 12 weeks model group and the 12 weeks PTX treatment group were sacrificed, while the 16 weeks PTX treatment group were given PTX ［16mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d)］ by intragastric administration. Then all the rats of other three groups were sacrificed at the end of the 16th week. The serum activities of liver alanine aminot ransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of all rats were measured. The expression of Bcl-2, bax and Caspase-3 proteins in livers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, The expression of Caspase-3 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR. Results ALT and AST in three model groups increased significantly compared to the identical control groups. The expressions of Bcl-2, bax and Caspase-3 proteins were increased significantly in the three model groups compared to the identical control groups respectively(EM>P/EM><0.05). The expressions of the 12 weeks and 16 weeks PTX treatment group decreased compared to the identical model groups respectively(EM>P/EM><0.05).Conclusion Apoptosis may play a role in the course of NASH. PTX may reliev Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of ALDH2 inhibitor daidzin role on rat myocytes MAPK singaling pathway under hypoxia 2009, 40 (2):  256-259.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02.017 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the role of ALDH2 on cardiac myocytes variation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signal route under hypoxia. Methods Cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were used. Hypoxia was imposed to the cardiomyocytes with or without daidzin pretreatment. ROS was measured by C400, apoptosis by the DeadEndSUP>TM/SUP>TUNEL system and MAPK signal pathway by Western blotting. Each group was dealt with more than three times. Results Compared to hypoxia group, that aldehyde dehydrogenase2(ALDH2) specifically inhibited by pretreated daidzin had a high frequency of ROS, apoptosis and an increased activation of MAPK signal enzymes including phosphorylated ERK1/2, JNK and P38Conclusion The cardiac myocytes variation of ROS, apoptosis and MAPK signal path resulting from hypoxia had a close relation with ALDH2 Myocytes showed decreased tolerance to hypoxia after ALDH2 specifically inhibited by daidzin. ALDH2 prevents hypoxia myocardial in Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone morphogenetic protein 2 induced rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into cardiomyocytelike cells EM>in vitro/EM> 2009, 40 (2):  260-264.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02.018 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the optimal condition for the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) into cardiomyocyte-like cells EM>in vitro/EM> by using bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2). Methods SD rat MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and cultured, then induced by BMP-2 for 72 hours. The cultured cells were observed by phase-contrast microscope. The immunohistochemical technique and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) were used for detecting of the expression of desmin, α-sarcomeric actin and C-TnT. The induced cells were evaluated by a transmission electron microscope. GATA4 and α-MHC expression were detected by relative quantitative RT-PCR after 7, 21, 28 days of induction respectively. Results MSCs induced by BMP-2 stretched out pseudopodium.The direction of the cell arraying was similar gradually. MSCs induced by BMP-2 could be identified by the positive staining for desmin, α-sarcomeric actin and C-TnT. Desmin、α-sarcomeric actin-positive cells made up higher of all MSCs than C-TnT-positive cells. Desmin and α-sarcomeric actinpositive cells were about 37.28% and 63.94%. C-TnT-positive cells were about 34.66%. Transmission electron microscope showed that the induced cells had a cardiomyocyte-like ultrastructure: the nuclei were positioned in the center of the cell. A lot of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome were founded in plasm, and paralleled myofilaments could be seen in cytoplasma or beside the adge of membrane. RT-PCR assessment showed that the differentiated cells began to express GATA4 from day 7 to day 28 of differentiation and began to express αMHC from day 21 to day 28 of differentiation. Conclusion MSCs ca Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on VEGF-C and lymphangiogenesis in the mouse-transplanted tumor 2009, 40 (2):  265-268.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 019 Abstract ( )   Objective The effects of ginsenoside Rh2 were observed on the growth of transplanted tumors, In addition, We studied the mechanisms of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C(VEGF-C) and the density of lymphatic vessels in mice, and to study its mechanism. \ Methods\ Models were established by inoculating S180 cells under skin of 55 mice, and the ginsenoside Rh2 was administrated only in medication group after tumors were founded. All mice were observed for their tumors growth. Using immunohistochemical method, we investigated the expression of VEGF-C and the density of lymphatic vessels in both groups at 2 and 3 weeks separately.\ Results\ In the control group, the tumors grew faster than in the 3 weeks medication group. At the 2 weeks of administration, we found the density of VEGF-C and lymphtic vessels in tumors had no difference between medication group and control group. However, after 3 weeks they were lower in the medication group as compared to the control group (P<0.05).\ Conclusion\ Ginsenoside Rh2 administration blocked the growth of tumors and decreased the density of lymphatic vessels in obviously. The mechanism could be that ginsenoside Rh2 can weakened the expression of VEGF-C, and then interfered with the lymphangiogenesis in the transplanttumors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of days after confluence and passages on the cell cycle and apoptosis of goat oviductal epithelial cells 2009, 40 (2):  269-273.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 020 Abstract ( )   Objective The experiment was conducted with the objective of determining effects BR> of culture time and subculture on the growth of goat oviductal epithelial cells (OECs). Methods We firstly succeeded in culturing goat OECsEM>in vitro/EM>, and then the cell cycle was examined by flow cytometric analysis and cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin-V and PI staining in goat OECs at different days of confluence and different passages at day 1 of confluence. Results BR>The percentages of （GSUB>0/SUB>/GSUB>1/SUB>） stage, late apoptotic + necrotic and cells with reduced number of polarized mitochondria decreased when OECs were subcultured within Ⅲ passage and confluent less than three days. However, the percentages of S + GSUB>2/SUB>/M stage decreased but late apoptotic + necrotic and cells with reduced number of　polarized mitochondria increased with prolonged culture and passage. Conclusion A better development of cocultured embryos w Related Articles | Metrics

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The protective effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on gastric mucosa injury after cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats 2009, 40 (2):  273-273.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02.036 Abstract ( )   The purpose of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on gastric mucosa injury after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion and gastric ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Wistar male rats (280-320g) were selected for this experiment. Focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion rat model was established with left middle cerebral artery occlusion by using thread inserting. After regaining consciousness from the anaesthesia，rats were scored according to Zea longa 5 score system. Animals with scores 1-3 were randomly divided into two groups：CGRP group and normal saline group（NS group）. Sham-operated animals were stimulated only by the operation without occluding the middle cerebral artery. Ten rats were involved in each group. Reperfusion was given to the rats in CGRP group and NS group after 2 hours’ ischemia. Rats in CGRP group and NS group were injected intraperiloneally with CGRP (3μg/kg，1mg/L) or NS(3ml/kg) respectively. After 48 hours of the operation，the samples were taken out and processed for calculating stomach mucous membrane damage index according to Guth method，detecting pathological changes of gastric mucosa tissue by light microscopy，determining mast cells by toluidine blue staining，and observing the expression of Gas, SST, AQP-4 and bFGF by immunohistochemical staining. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Difference between two groups was compared with qtest. Results：1. Under stereo microscope, focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion rat more significant damage of gastric mucosa of NS group than that of CGRP group was observed，with diffuse edema，splinter hemorrhage and erosion. The injury index of gastric mucosa was lower in CGRP group as compared with that in NS group (P<0.05). 2. HE staining showed that under light microscope，gastric mucosa was damaged more pronouncedly with numerous endothelial cells necrosis，gastric mucosa dissociation，infiltration of inflammatory cells，and irregular arrangement of glands，while in CGRP group，the damage was less severe with partially dissociation of gastric mucosa，less irregular arrangement of glands，fewer mucosa hemorrhage and inflammatory cells infiltration. 3. The total number of mast cells and degranulation ratio of NS group in gastric mucosa was significantly higher than that of CGRP group (P<0.01). 4. Gas expression in gastric antrum mucosa was lower in CGRP group than that in NS group (P<0.01)；SST expression in gastric antrum mucosa was higher in CGRP group than that in NS group (P<0.01). 5. AQP-4 expression in gastric mucosa was lower in CGRP group than that in NS group (P<0.05). 6. bFGF expression in gastric mucosa was higher in CGRP group than that in NS group (P<0.01). The results indicated that CGRP reduced the gastric mucosa injury index after brain ischemia and reperfusion，alleviated the damage of gastric mucosa and thus had protective effect on the stomach. An indirect protective effect of CGRP on gastric mucosa was also noted by the up- Related Articles | Metrics

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EM>In vitro/EM> colony formation capacity of Nestinimmunoreative cells from mouse pituitary 2009, 40 (2):  274-277.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 021 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the self-renewal potential of Nestin-immunoreactive cells in mouse anterior pituitary. Methods Primary Nestin-immunoreactive cells were isolated from mouse anterior pituitary and enriched in specific culture condition. In order to analyze colony forming potential of Nestin-immunoreactive cells，secondary generation Nestin-immunoreactive mouse anterior pituitary cells were cultured in colony formation medium. For further confirming single cell origin of new colonies，cells isolated from both wild type and EGFP mice were mixed in culture condition as to trace the source of newly generated colonies. In addition，BrdU incorporation assay was utilized to verify that colonies were formed by cell proliferation，and then to evaluate proliferative rate of cells in colonies. Results Cells derived from primary culture condition with Nestin-immunoreactive cell morphology were detected to express nestin by immuncytochemistry. In conoly culture condition with very low cell density，1% of secondary generation Nestin-immunoreactive cells were capable of forming colonies EM>in vitro/EM>. Mixture culture of EGFP and wild type cells showed that colony derivatives under this condition were either homogenous EGFP cells or homogenous wild type cells，wherease there was no mixed colony detected. Moreover，BrdU incorporation assay demonstrated that within 24 hours 13% cells from colonies were generated from cell division (EM>n/EM>=20). Conclusion Mouse anterior pituitary contains Nestin-immunoreative cells. These cells are Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of lysosomal protein trans membrane 4β in oocytes and preimplantation embryos of mice 2009, 40 (2):  278-282.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 022 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the expression of LAPTM4β in mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos， and to understand the effect of LAPTM4β in the development process of embryos， which would thus contributes to the study of gene regulation in the developmental process of embryos. Methods Totally 50 oocytes and early embryos were collected from the uteruses or uterine tubes of 50 mice. The expression and intracellular localization of LAPTM4β in mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy（CLSM）technique and immunohistochemical staining method, using the Maticam2206 image analysis system as a semiquantitative method. Results 1. CLSM technique: In the oocytes and pronuclear stage zygotes, LAPTM4β distributes nonuniformly and had a stranger expression near the membrane. In the embryos of 2 cells，4 cells or 8 cells stage and the morula stage， the expression of LAPTM4β in blastomeres cytoplasm was contagious distribution, and it was also stronger near the membrane and the polar body. There were LAPTM4β positive expressions in the trophoblast cells and inner cell mass of blastocysts. 2.Immunohistochemistry：Dilute brown granules have been seen in the oocytes. There were deep brown granules in the embryos of 2cells，4cells，8cells stage and the morula, and brown granules in the trophoblast cells and inner cell mass of blastocysts. 3. Iimage analysis system: The expression of LA Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanical analysis of interaction between tectorial membrane and inner hair cell stereocilia 2009, 40 (2):  283-287.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 023 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the interaction between tectorial membrane and inner hair cell stereocilia in the condition of vibration of the organ of Corti. Methods Two-2D finite-element models were built based on the electron microscopic images of the organ of Corti from the guinea pig with two models of coupled and non-coupled between the tectorial membrane and stereocilia. ANSYS software was used to analyze the two models. Results When Couette flow was loaded, the stereocilia had a larger angular displacement in non-coupled manner, Von Mises stress were higher on tip link and rootlet, and the characteristics of natural frequency were quite similar on two models.Conclusions The stereocilium is excited easily when it does not contact the tectorial membrane. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of heroin on SOD and CAT activity and MDA content and histological structure in the lungs of the filial mice and mother mice 2009, 40 (2):  288-294.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02.024 Abstract ( )   Objective 　To study the effects of enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)，and maleic dialdehyde (MDA) content and histological structure in the lungs of the developing filial mice and mother mice. Methods Totally 48 female mice at the eighth day of pregnancy were injected with different concentrations (1.0g/L，1.5g/L and 2.0g/L) of heroin (0.2ml) and the same amount of saline in the morning and afternoon until the birth of filial mice. Changes in the enzymatic activity of SOD，CAT and MDA content were respectively analyzed by colorimetry and the lung structure of filial mice and mother mice were observed by microscopy at embryo 15 days and postnatal ages of 1day, 7days and 15days. Results There was a significant inhibition for the CAT and SOD activity (EM>P/EM><0.05) following heroin adminstration，and the inhibitive effects were stronger with increasing concentration of heroin increasing; however, the MDA content significantly increased (P<0.05) and was higher with increasing concentrations of heroin. The diameter of the alveolous and thickness of interalveolar septum of filial mice and mother mice were significantly increased (EM>P/EM><0.05) with injection of 1.5g/L or 2.0g/L heroin than that of the controls at the different developmental stages.Conclusion The lungs of filial mice and mother mice at the different developmental stages were damaged in different degrees by heroin. This damage might be correlated with the low activities of SOD, CAT and high cont Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of angiotensin Ⅱ on cell proliferation of renal corpuscle in mouse kidney development 2009, 40 (2):  295-298.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02.025 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the EM>in vitro/EM> effects of angiotensin Ⅱ on cell proliferation of the renal corpuscle in embryonic day 12 mouse kidneys. Methods Pregant female mice(embryonic day 12)were randomly divided into six groups:control group and groups which were induced by different angiotensin Ⅱ(10SUP>-9/SUP>mol/L 10SUP>-5/SUP>mol/L) concentrations. The kidney tissues were cultured for two,four or six days.The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques. Results AngiotensinⅡ promoted cell proliferation of the renal corpuscle. To some extent, the proliferative activity tended to enhance with increasing of the angiotensinⅡ concentration, and the effect had a positive relation to induced time. The proliferative activity at the 4th day was stronger than that at the 2nd day.Conclusion AngiotensinⅡ can promote cell proliferation in the Related Articles | Metrics

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Expressions of HIF-1α，EM>c-fos/EM> and their relationships in mandibular distraction osteogenesis in rabbits 2009, 40 (2):  299-302.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02.026 Abstract ( )   P>Objective To investigate the expressions of HIF-1α, c-fos and their relationships in mandibular distraction osteogenesis in rabbits. Methods To establish an animal model of mandibular distraction osteogenesis with 25 healthy adult rabbits.The expressions of HIF-1α and EM>c-fos/EM> were detected by ultrasensitive SP immunohistochemical methods. Results Immunohistochemical studies showed that the HIF-1α was expressed strongly in distraction zone at the 8th days after distraction. One week after consolidation, the EM>c/EM>-EM>fos/EM> was expressed strongly in the distraction zone at the 4 th day, 8th days after distraction, and 1 week after consolidation.Both apparently expressed apparently higher than those in the distraction zone of at the third and fifth week after consolidation. HIF-1α and EM>c-fos/EM> were mainly expressed in fibroblasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes. Conclusion In mandibular distraction osteogenesis of rabbits, there is a marked relati Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of the receptors for the lection ECL and DBA in mouse endometrium during implantation 2009, 40 (2):  303-306.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02.027 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the relationship between implantation and the receptors for erythrina cristagalli lectin (ECL) and dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) distributed in mouse endometrium. Methods During early pregnancy, ECL and DBA marked by biotin were used to observe the distribution and change in 2 kinds of lectin receptors in pregnant and nonfertile mouse endometrium. Results On the pregnant side, the ECL receptor is mainly distributed in the trophoblast and its basement membrane, the surface of the decidual cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix(ECM). On the nonfertile side, the lectin receptor is mainly expressed on the superficial surface of the endometrial epithelium and uterine gland epithelium. On the pregnant side, the DBA receptor is mainly expressed in the trophoblast and its basement membrane and the basement membrane of blood vessels. However, on the nonfertile side, the DBA receptor is mainly in the basement membarane of blood vessels.Conclusion The receptors for ECL and DBA play a key roles during blastocyst implantation in mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and localization of CD80 and CEA in human fetal thymus 2009, 40 (2):  307-311.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02.028 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the relationship between the expression level and localization of CD80 and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) in the human fetal thymus and its development. Methods Twelve aborted dead fetus samples(via donation from the dead fetus’s parents and permission of the hospital agency) were collected from Department of Genecology and Obstetrics in the affiliated hospital, including 4 cases aged less than 4 months in earlier stage and 8 cases aged 5 months in later stage. The two groups of earlier and later aged samples were randomly divided into two aliquots. One aliquot was prepared for frozen sections stained with HE, ANAE histochemistry, CD80 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) immunohistochemistry; and detected with CEA ELISA. The protein extracted from another aliquot with Trizol reagent was detected with CD80 immunoblotting and CEA ELISA. Results The thymus in earlier aged group, especially the medulla was less developed. The reticulo-epithelial cells (RECs) with CD80IR in the later aged group could be classified into six patterns. The type I RE in flatten shape were located at the inner surface of the capscule and trabecula. The type II RECs (DCs) in small satellite shaped were localized in the medulla. Both type III and type IV RECs were located at the dzemarcation between the cortex and medulla. The type V RECs (DCs) in large satellite shaped with delicate processes to connect into reticular meshes were distributed in the medulla and the type VI RECs were found in the Hassall’s corpuscles. The ANAEdot pattern T cells (CD4SUP>+ /SUP>) and ANAE-diffuse granular pattern T cells (CD8SUP>+/SUP> ) in separate clusters could be found in the reticular pores. In the immunoblotting and ELISA the expression level of both CD80-IR and CEA-IR in the later aged group was higher than that in the earlier aged group.Conclusion The results suggest that the expression and cocalization of CD80 and CE Related Articles | Metrics

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Synergistic effect of combined regimen of low-dose gossypol with steroid hormones on male antifertility 2009, 40 (2):  312-316.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02.029 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the synergistic effect on male antifertility of a combined regimen of lowdoes gossypol with steroid hormones. Methods Adult male rats were divided randomly BR> into four groups: group GH, rats were fed orally with GA ［12.5mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d)］ and DSG ［0.125mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d)］/E ［0.025mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d)］/TU［100mg/L(kgI>&#/I>8226;d)］; group G, a single does of GA ［12.5mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d)］ was given; group H, DSG ［0.125mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d)］/E［0.025mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d)］/TU［100mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d)］ were administered; group C, rats only received vehicle (1% methyl cellulose). The testis and epididymis were removed at 4,6 and 8 week for counting sperm number，sperm motility and stereological changes of testis tissue. Results Low-dose gossypol with steroid hormones did not have a synergistic effect on reducing testicular weight，sperm production or stereological parameters. However, they did have a synergistic effect on reducing epididymal sperm number and sperm motilit Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study between thin transverse sectional anatomy and magnetic resonance imaging of deep nuclei in human cerebellum 2009, 40 (2):  317-322.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02.030 Abstract ( )   Objective To discriminate the precise positions of the deep cerebellar nuclei for functional imaging research on the cerebellum and stereotactic operation of the correlative motor disorders. Methods After CT and MRI examinations to exclude any organic lesion，one head specimen of Chinese adult male was selected from three cadavers，and embedded with gelatin and frozen under profound hypothermia. Subsequently，the specimen was sliced into 0.1mm transverse serial sections along AC-PC line with SKC500 computerized freezing milling machine at -15℃ in a low temperature laboratory. The serial sections were photographed with a high-resolution digital camera and saved in computer files. Finally，the representative sections were meticulously observed and after matching the sectional levels with the MR scans，the position and morphology of dentate nuclei were compared to the corresponding 3.0 Tesla EM>in vivo/EM> MRI. Results In transverse sections involving with cerebellum, about 620 layers were obtained and among the total，the dentate nucleus，fastigial nucleus，globose nucleus and emboliform nucleus occurred in about 145,12,25 and 20 layers respectively. The nuclei were four in number on either side，the dentate nucleus localized on majority of the thin sections and appeared as a convoluted band of gray matter. The nucleus fastigii was situated to the middle line at the anterior end of the superior vermis，and over the roof of the fourth ventricle. The emboliform nucleus lay immediately to the medial side of the dentate nucleus，and partly covering its hilus. The globose nucleus was an elongated mass，directed antero-posteriorly，and placed medial to the emboliform nucleus. Conclusion The position and morphology of the deep cerebellar nuclei could be observed cle Related Articles | Metrics

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Sectional anatomy of human optic pathways on the coronal plane 2009, 40 (2):  323-327.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 031 Abstract ( )   Objective To provide practical anatomic data for the imaging diagnosis of the optic pathways. Methods Sectional anatomy of the optic pathways on the coronal plane was investigated on 26 sets of serial coronal sections on the heads of Chinese adult cadavers and 6 sets of serial coronal MRI of normal adults. Results On the coronal plane，we recognized the special structures of the optic pathways on 5 key sections：1. The midorbital optic nerve was located superomedially in the center of the adipose body of the orbit，which was surrounded by the subarachnoid space and the sheath of the optic nerve; 2. The chiasm was transverse between the optic and infundibular recesses of the portion of the floor of the third ventricle and it lay below to the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery and above the tuber cinereum and the pituitary stalk，with C2 or C3 segment of the internal carotid artery being laterally; 3. The optic tract was between the crus cerebri and the amygdaloid，with the tail of caudate nucleus being laterally，the anterior choroidea artery inferiorly and downward M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery lying between the uncus and the crus cerebri; 4. The lateral geniculate body was between the crus cerebri medially and the tail of the caudate nucleus (laterally)，and the uncus and P2 segment of posterior cerebral artery (inferiorly); and 5. The optic radiation formed the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle both in the temporal corn and in the occipital corn. The optic radiation was separated from the wall of the occipital horn by the tapetum，a thin layer of fibers derived from the splenium of corpus callosum. Coronal sectional anatomy and MRI images of the optic pathways revealed the similar result. Conclusion It is important for Related Articles | Metrics

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Anatomical research on surgical plane of retroperitoneal fascia space using laparoscopy 2009, 40 (2):  328-331.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 032 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the topography and anatomical nature of the retroperitoneal fascia and fascial space in laparoscopic left colectomy，right colectomy，or nephrectomy and to set up methodologies to identify surgical planes. Methods Five unembalmed adult cadavers were observed laparoscopically. In addition, totally 30 patients undergoing laparoscopic left or right colectomy，as well as 95 patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy were observed on the fusion fascia and fusion fascial space with reference to location，distribution and topography. Results Between the visceral and parietal peritoneum, lateral to the ascending or the descending colon，there was a yellowwhite borderline，along which cutting into the peritoneum and extraperitoneal tissue unveiled the fusion fascia. The fusion fascia and prerenal fascia enclosed a fusion fascia space full of loose connective tissue. Dissection along the fusion fascial space easily mobilized the ascending and descending colon and their primitive mesocolon， and also unveiled the prerenal fascia posteriorly. The anterior pararenal spaces were delineated by the prerenal fascia，the lateroconal fascia and the lateral extension of the fusion fascia，and the posterior pararenal space by the posterior layer of renal faascia，the lateroconal fascia and the lumbar quadrate muscular fascia. Mobilization of the kidney was also achieved by dissecting into the anterior and the posterior pararenal spaces to the renal hilum. Conclusion The yellowwhite borderlines can be regarded as landmarks to access the Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on adult coronary artery anatomy and its clinical correlation with 3D CT 2009, 40 (2):  332-336.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 032 Abstract ( )   Objective To study three-dimensional anatomy of adult coronary artery and its variations with spiral CT，and to research possible relationships of three variations to coronary artery disease(CAD). Methods Applying multislice spiral computized tomography(MSCT) of Toshiba Aquilion，by means of the software Vitrea 2 at a workstation to 3D reconstructions of the arteries，we carefully observed and measured adult coronary arterial branches，location，figures and its variation，and then analyzed some relationships of them with the occurrence of CAD. Results There were 1057 cases of coronary arteries checked with MSCT angiography，and among them 793 cases of right dominant，126 of left dominant and 138 of other types(including balancing type). This technique could illustrate the most originations and courses of coronary arteries but coronary arterial fistula. The data indicated that the left coronary dominant type has less occurrence of CAD，whereas a larger angles of emergence of the left coronary artery，a very short main stem of the artery and a variation of the arterial debouchement were factors that have a marked positive correlativity with CAD. Conclusions MSCT could stereoscopically illustrate coronary arteries but it can not yet replace its true anatomy. Intere Related Articles | Metrics

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Microanatomy of lateral chiasmal arteries and visual disturbance caused by pituitary adenomas 2009, 40 (2):  337-339.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02. 034 Abstract ( )   Objective To illustrate the significance of lateral chiasmal arteries (LCAs) in visual disturbance caused by pituitary adenomas(PAs)，the microanatomical characteristics of LCAs were studied. Methods LCAs of 10 adult brain specimens，which were fixed with formalin and injected with colored mass，were observed and taken measure using microanatomical technique. Results LCAs arised from the medial wall of supraclinoid segment (CSUB>2/SUB> segment) of internal carotid artery (ICA). Each vessel ramified several twigs (from 2 to 3) into the lateral margin，superior and inferior aspects of the lateral part of the optic chiasma(OC)，and the lateral half of the optic nerve(ON) neighboring the OC. In summary，the perforating arteries with long free segments of the external brain took the form of chains or series of irregular loops，ran in the subarachnoid space and feed special areas. Their major trunks were not communicated each other during the course. But there were rich terminal anastomoses on the pial mater of the brain. Conclusion LCAs are not apt to being invaded by PAs，which might be the caus Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection of developmentally competent pig oocytes using brilliant cresyl blue staining 2009, 40 (2):  340-343.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.02.035 Abstract ( )   P>Objective To enhance efficiency of EM>in vitro/EM> embryos culture system of pig using brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) stain. Methods To stain the cumulusoocyte complexes through BCB then evaluate oocytes maturation rates and developmental competence of early embryos. Results The percentage (91.6%) of the MⅡ stage oocytes of pigs was higher in the BCBcolorable group (BCBSUP>+/SUP> ) than those (64.0%) in the noncolorable (BCBSUP>－/SUP>) and control (77.5%) groups (EM>P/EM><0.05). The pig parthenogenetic blastocyst rate (34.9%) was significantly higher in the BCB+ group than those in the control and BCBSUP>－/SUP> groups, (23% and 9.5%) respectively (EM>P/EM><0.05). The rate (23.9%) of pig somatic cell nucleus-transferred embryos into blastocyst was significantly higher in the BCBSUP>+/SUP> group than those in the control and the BCB Related Articles | Metrics