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2007, Volume 38 Issue 4
06 August 2007 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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THE CHANGE OF SSeCKS AFTER THE TRANSECTION OF RAT SCIATIC NERVE 2007, 38 (4):  379-384.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the change of SSeCKS in sciatic nerve after the transection of rat sciatic nerve and its significance. Methods The sciatic nerve transection model of Sprague_Dawley rat was made. We tested the change of SSeCKS by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results It showed from Western blotting that after injury, SSeCKS in the proximal lesion site increased gradually and reached its peak at 2d, then it began to decrease,while in the distal lesion site, SSeCKS peaked at 12h and then declined. Immunohistochemistry showed SSeCKS mainly located in break site, in a cluster expression pattern, while in the uninjury region, the level of SSeCKS was significantly lower and the distribution was uniform. The result of double immunofluorescent staining showed that SSeCKS partly colocalized with S100, NF200 and GAP43.Conclusion The transection of rat sciatic nerve can cause the change of SSeCKS and it might be involved in transduction of some harm stimulate signal moleculars after the injury. It may be also related with the nerve regeneration and function repair. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE CHANGE OF Brn-4 mRNA EXPRESSION IN RAT HIPPOCAMPUS AFTER FIMBRIA/FORNIX TRANSECTION——IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION METHOD 2007, 38 (4):  385-389.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the difference of Brn-4 mRNA expression between the fimbria/fornixtransected and normal side hippocampi. Methods Six SD rats’ right fimbrias were transected. On the 14th day after transection, the cryostat sections of hippocampus were prepared. Digoxigeninlabeled Brn-4 RNA probe was prepared and used in hybridization. Three sections were randomly taken from each rat, the number and the mean absorbance value of Brn-4 mRNA positive cells was measured. Paired t test analysis was used in statistic analysis. Results Brn-4 mRNA was expressed in pyramidal layer of hippocampus and granular layer of dentate gyrus in both normal and transected sides. The number of Brn-4 mRNA positive cells had no difference between two sides, but the mean absorbance value of positive cells in transected side was higher than that in normal side (P<0.01). In hilus and subgranular layer of dentate gyrus, not only the number of Brn-4 mRNA positive cells but also the mean absorbance value in transected side was higher than that in normal side (P<0.01).Conclusion In pyramidal layer of hippocampus and granular layer of dentate gyrus, Brn-4 mRNA expression is higher in fimbria/fornixtransected side than those in normal side. In hilus and subgranular layer of dentate gyrus, not only the number of positive cells but also the expression level of Brn-4 mRNA in transected side is higher than that in normal side. With our previous detection, the results suggest that the process in which the expression of Brn-4 mRNA increases after fimbria/fornix transection might be related to th Related Articles | Metrics

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 5-HTERGIC TERMINALS AND THE VESTIBULOPARABRACHIAL NUCLEUS PROJECTION NEURONS EXPRESSING 5-HTSUB>1A/SUB> RECEPTOR IN THE VESTIBULAR NUCLEAR COMPLEX 2007, 38 (4):  390-393.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the relationship between 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)like immunoreactive terminals and the vestibuloparabrachial nucleus projection neurons which may express 5-HTSUB>1A/SUB> receptor in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC). Methods Retrogradedtract tracing technique combined with double labeling of immunofluorescence histochemical was used, and the stained sections were observed under a confocal laserscanning microscope. Results Following injection of tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) into the parabrachial nucleus, many retrogradely labeled neurons were observed bilaterally within VNC, but with an ipsilateral predominance. Immunofluorescence histochemical staining showed that many neurons expressed 5-HTSUB>1A/SUB> receptorlike immunoreactivity and a large number of 5-HT immunostained fibers or terminals were found in the medial, spinal, superior, lateral vestibular nucleus (MVe, SpVe, SuVe, LVe), X nucleus and Y nucleus. Confocal laserscanning microscopy revealed that some TMRlabeled neurons were 5-HTSUB>1A/SUB>R immunopositive, and some of the cell bodies or dendrites of TMR/5-HTSUB>1A/SUB>R doublelabeled neurons were closely apposed by 5-HTlike immunoreactive termina Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECT OF BERBERING ON HIF-1α EXPRESSION INDUCED BY FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS 2007, 38 (4):  394-399.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of berbering on the expression of hypoxiainducible factor1α (HIF-1α) and the neuronal apoptosis after focal cerebral ischemia. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: control (sham surgery), middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion(MCAO/R), MCAO/R treated with vehicle(DMSO), MCAO/R treated with berbering at concentrations of 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 40mg/kg,respectively. Berbering of different doses was injected intraperitoneally at 24hours, 48hours before operation and 6hours after operation. We observed the neurological deficits in different groups. Rats were sacrificed at 7days for TTC staining and at 24hours for Nissl staining, immunohistochemical, double fluorescence labeling, TUNEL studies. Results Berbering improved neurological deficits(P<0.05) except at the concentration of 10mg/kg(P>0.05), reduced the infarct volume (P<0.05)dependent of different concentrations. Berbering inhibited the neuronal deformation shown by Nissl staining and reduced the expression of HIF-1α, activated Caspase-3, BNIP3 and VEGF detected by immunohistochemical staining. HIF-1α positive immunoreactive materials were colocalized with BNIP3,Caspase-3 and TUNEL staining inside neurons in the injured cerebral cortex expressed by double fluorescence labeling. Conclusion Berbering may play a neural protection effect by inhi Related Articles | Metrics

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NEUROAPOPTOSIS IN VISUAL CORTEX OF OFFSPRING MOUSE AFTER PRENATAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE 2007, 38 (4):  400-404.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study ethanolinduced the neuroapoptosis of visual cortex in offspring mice. Methods Pregnant female mice were fed by intubating alcohol daily, beginning on E5 (embryonic, E) and continuing through the pup’s birth. The neuroapoptosis in P0, P7 and P14 visual cortex was visualized by Caspase-3 activity immunohistochemistry and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotindUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Results Usually, the pup’s birth days would delay one or two days after ethanol exposure. Moreover, ethanol induced reabsorption of fetus and malformations, such as microcephaly, anencephaly and myeloschisis with spinabifida and so on, were found in the study. Apoptosis index in ethanol treatment groups was obviously higher than that in control at either P0, P7 or P14 (P<0.001). In the meantime, high ethanol dose group had a higher apoptosis index than that of low dose ethanol group (P<0.01). Conclusion The prenatal ethanol exposure could induce neuroapoptosis of visua Related Articles | Metrics

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EXPRESSION OF POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY PROTEIN-93 IN INJURIED SPINAL CORD OF RAT 2007, 38 (4):  405-409.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the expression and distribution of postsynaptic density protein-93 (PSD-93) after spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods With improved Allen’s method, acute rats SCI models were established. Realtime PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the changes of PSD-93 mRNA and protein expression after SCI. The changes of PSD-93 localization after injury were investigated by immunofluorescence double staining. Results The expression of PSD-93 mRNA had a gradually decrease trend after SCI. The minimal mRNA was present at 3days; whereas the protein levels upregulated significantly and peaked at 1day after injury. Immunofluorescence double staining indictated that PSD-93 was highly expressed on the activated microglias and astrocytes except that it colocalized with nNOS in the impaired spinal cord.Conclusion The time course of PSD-93 and its mRNA is vary significantly after SCI, and colocalized with nNOS and activated glias. These results indicate that PSD-93 may participate in the f Related Articles | Metrics

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THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE DISTAL CSFCONTACTING NEURONS IN THE DORSAL RAPHE AND THE RELATIONSHIPS WITH THEIR SURROUNDING TISSUES 2007, 38 (4):  410-413.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective The ultrastructure of the distal CSFcontacting neurons in the dorsal raphe and the relationships with their surrounding tissues were observed and a new morphological evidence for their functional significance was offered. Methods We combined CBHRP tracing with electron microscopic techniques and observed the ultrastructure of the distal CSFcontacting neurons in the dorsal raphe and the relationships with their surrounding tissues. Results 1.The CSFcontacting neurons have the general cytological structure of neurons; 2.CBHRP mainly is localized in the trans face of the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes; 3.There are two kinds of contrary direction synaptic relationships between the distal CSFcontacting neurons and the non CSFcontacting neurons. Conclusions 1.There are no obvious differences between the CSFcontacting neurons and other neurons in ultrastructure; 2. The Golgi apparatus and the lysosomes may exist the special function in take and transport the material from CSF; 3. The CSFcontacting neu Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EFFECTS OF THE DIFFERENT INDUCERS ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF RAT BONEMARROWDERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS TO NEUROCYTES IN VITRO 2007, 38 (4):  414-418.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the effects of the different inducers on the differentiation of bonemarrowderived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to neurocytes in vitro. Methods Isolation, cultivation and amplification of rat bonemarrowderived MSCs were carried out, and the purified MSCs of the third generation were induced to differentiate into neurocytes by using chemical inducer and biological inducer, respectively. The expression of NSE, NF and GFAP of induced cells in two induced groups were showed using immunocytochemical method, and the induction rates in two groups were analyzed. The Nissl bodies in the induced cells were displayed by thionineeosin staining. Results Under the convert microscope it was observed that the MSCs started to change their shape, and there were several axon or dendritelike processes out from the cell body when the MSCs were induced for 48hours. The induced cells derived from bone marrow MSCs expressed NSE and NF that are the special markers of the mature neurocytes, but they did not express GFAP. The reduction rates of NSE and NF in chemical inducer group were 86.9% and 85.6%, respectively, and in biological inducer group they were 88.2% and 86.8%, respectively. There were no significant differences between these two groups in reduction rates of NSE and NF (P>0.05) . A lot of Nissl bodies in the cell body were seen in induced Related Articles | Metrics

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THE NEURAL PROTECTION OF YANGXUEQINGNAOKELI IN GLOBAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION GERBILS 2007, 38 (4):  419-423.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the neural protection of Yangxueqingnaokeli in global ischemia and reperfusion gerbils. Method Gerbils were randomly divided into sham group, global ischemia group and global ischemia treated with Yangxueqingnaokeli group.The ischemic model was performed by occlusion of 2VO for 30minutes with reperfusion. The sections were stained by Nissl and immunohistochemistry staining and the data were analysed with SAS soft ware.Results The quantity of the surviving cells in CA1 region of hippocampus increased significantly in the group reperfused for 1 or 2days with Yangxueqingnaokeli treatment compared with the global ischemia group(P<0.01,P<0.05,respectively), but without significant difference between the group reperfused for 5days and the group treated with Yangxueqingnaokeli (P>0.05). The expression of glutamate synthetase in the hippocampus was significantly reduced in the group reperfused for 1 or 2days with Yangxueqingnaokeli treatment compared with the global ischemia group (P<0.01,P<0.05,respectively), without significant difference between the group reperfused for 5days and the global ischemia group (P>0.05), meanwhile the expression of Caspase-3 in the hippocampus was significantly reduced in the group reperfused for 1day with Yangxueqingnaokeli treatment compared with the global ischemia group (P<0.05), without significant difference between the group reperfused for 2 or 5days and the global ischemia group (P>0.05). The treatment also reduced the number of TUNELpositive cells.Conclusion Yangxueqingnaokeli might selectively downregulate the expression of glutamate synthetase to reduce the number of apoptotic cells to play the neural protec Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECTS OF MELATONIN ON HPA AXIS IN RATS 2007, 38 (4):  424-428.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the functional and ultramicrostructural effects of melatonin on hypothalamuspituitaryadrenal(HPA) axis in normal and diabetic rats. Methods By means of radioimmunoassay we observed the effects of three doses of melatonin(0.5mg/kg for low, 10mg/kg for medium, 50mg/kg for high) and lipoicin on level of CRH, ACTH and COR in normal and diabetic rats’ plasma for three weeks respectively. The ultramicrostructural changes of hypophysis and pituitary gland after melatonin treatment were also observed under transmission electron microscope(TEM). Results 1 Compared with control groups,the CRH level of melatonin groups in normal and diabetic rats notably reduced (P<0.05). ACTH level of three doses of melatonin and lipoicin treatment groups in normal rats decreased,while mediumdosemelatonin and lipoicin group in diabetic rats markedly fell(P<0.05). COR level turned out the same result with CRH level in normal rats,whereas CRH level in high and medium doses melatonin treated groups of diabetic rats had a significantly reduction trend.2 The melatonin treatment to normal rats had no apparent effect on the ultramicrostructures of hypophysis and pituitary gland cells,but the hypophysis and pituitary gland tissues were targets of diabetic lesion with low metabolism functions. However,our morphological study demonstrated that the melatonin treatment might obviously strengthen the hypophysis and pituitary gland cell metabolism function in resisting the response with diabetic oxidative stress. Conclusion Melatonin can exert inhibiti Related Articles | Metrics

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THE CULTURE OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL LINES FROM D3 EMBRYOS WITH LOW MORPHOLOGICAL SCORES 2007, 38 (4):  429-435.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To find a new source to produce hESC lines. Methods D3 embryos with low morphological scores were cultured to blastocyst stage. Trophectoderm cells were separated from the ICMs by immunosurgery and isolated ICMs were cultured for 58 days on mitomycintreated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Colonies derived from the ICMs were passed every 47 days and evaluated for cell surface markers including AKP, OCT4, SSEA4, SSEA1, TRA160, TRA181, differentiation potentials and karyotypes. Results A total of 19 blastocysts were obtained from 130 embryos (quality score < 16) and blastulation rate was 1462%. Immunosurgery resulted in the formation of 5 primary colonies, which produced 2 cell lines. Both cell lines satisfied the criteria that characterize pluripotent hESC. Conclusion A subset with poor quality D3 embryos judged on the basis of morphological assessment Related Articles | Metrics

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THE DERMATOGLYPHIC STUDY OF HUI AND HAN NATIONALITIES IN NINGXIA， CHINA——Ⅰ FINGERPRINT 2007, 38 (4):  436-441.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the characteristics of fingerprint parameters between Han and Hui nationalities in Ningxia, China. The parameters included fingerprint patterns, finger ridge count(FRC),total finger ridge count(TFRC), pattern intensity index(PⅡ), corresponding fingerprint patterns, combined pattern in 5 fingers in one hand.Methods A random sampling was conducted among 614 which comprised 262 Hui (129 male, 133 female) and 352 Han (206 male, 146 female). Inked fingerprint sample were collected and fingerprint parameters were analyzed with informed consent. Results Frequencies of both ulnar loop (U) and radial loop (R) showed significant difference between two nationalities. Corresponding fingerprint patterns from high to low were same in the two nationalities which showed as W/W>L/L>L/W>A/L>A/A>A/W.TFRC in Han were 137.34±2.01 in male and 123.604±1.75 in female, in Hui were 137.36±2.25 in male and 120.584±1.91 in female respectively, In the combined pattern in 5 fingers of one hand, two populations all showed higher observed rate in 0,0,5;0,5,0 and lower observed rate in 0,2,3;0,3,2 et. al.Conclusion There is no significant difference between two nationalities in TFRC but sexes. The digressive order in 5 fingers of one hand appears difference in U, it is more invariableness than the other indexes.A/W is incompatible. There is a significant different fingerprint parameters among different Hui nationalities in China, that may indicate they have different origin. The heritability of arch is 91%, so it distributes different in different populations in the world. The rate of arch Related Articles | Metrics

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Double Fluorescent Labeling Restriction Method for Microarray Applications 2007, 38 (4):  442-445.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the double restriction fluorescent labeling (DRFL) method for fluorescent labeling of trace DNA samples and its effect in enhancing the pathogen detection sensitivity of microarray assays. Method SARS-CoV RNA samples were reversely transcribed and then further amplified with the restriction display (RD)-PCR and fluorescently labeled by conventional restriction labeling directly with Cy-universal primer and the novel double labeling with Cy-universal primer and Cy-dNTP. The labeled samples were applied to the microarray with the viral probes, processed and analyzed. Results Compared with the conventional method, DRFL labeling resulted in 3.5835 times higher fluorescent intensity of all the SARS probes on average, even though increased fluorescent intensities for different probes varied considerably. Conclusion Signal to noise ratio can be enhanced by the DRFL method which improves the sensitivity of microarray technology in trace pathogen detections. Related Articles | Metrics

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Double Fluorescent Labeling Restriction Method for Microarray Applications 2007, 38 (4):  442-445.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the double restriction fluorescent labeling (DRFL) method for fluorescent labeling of trace DNA samples and its effect in enhancing the pathogen detection sensitivity of microarray assays. Method SARS-CoV RNA samples were reversely transcribed and then further amplified with the restriction display (RD)-PCR and fluorescently labeled by conventional restriction labeling directly with Cy-universal primer and the novel double labeling with Cy-universal primer and Cy-dNTP. The labeled samples were applied to the microarray with the viral probes, processed and analyzed. Results Compared with the conventional method, DRFL labeling resulted in 3.5835 times higher fluorescent intensity of all the SARS probes on average, even though increased fluorescent intensities for different probes varied considerably. Conclusion Signal to noise ratio can be enhanced by the DRFL method which improves the sensitivity of microarray technology in trace pathogen detections. Related Articles | Metrics

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EXPRESSION PATTERNS AND FUNCTION ANALYSIS OF THE GENES RELATED WITH SEX DETERMINATION AND DIFFERENTIATION DURING RAT LIVER REGENERATION 2007, 38 (4):  446-451.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the function of the genes regulating sex determination and differentiation during liver regeneration at transcriptional level. Methods The genes regulating sex determination and differentiation were obtained by referring to the theses and collecting the data of databases at NCBI, GENMAPP, KEGG, BIOCARTA and RGD, and their function and expression changes in rat liver regeneration were analysized by the Rat Genome 230 20 array. Results The initial and total expressed gene numbers in the starting phase of liver regeneration ［half to four hours after partial hepatectomy (PH)］, G0/G1 transition (4 to 6 hours after PH), cell proliferation 6 to 66 hours after PH), cell differentiation and tissue structural function reconstruction (72 to 160 hours after PH) were 41,6,18,3 and 41,25,57,41 respectively, which showed that the related genes were mainly triggered in the starting phase, and worked in different phases. Their expression similarity was classified into 5 groups:only up, predominantly up, only down predominantly down, up/downregulation, involving 22,9,15,9 and 7 genes respectively, and the total frequencies of their up and downregulation expressions were 231 and 146 respectively, demonstrating that the expression of the major genes was increased, and the minority decreased. Their expression time relevance was classified into 15 groups, showing that the cellular physiological and biochemical activities were phase related during liver regeneration. The gene expression patterns were classified into 20 types, indicating the diversity and complexity of the cellular physiological and biochemical activity. Conclusion The genes regulating male determination, male and female differentiation are enhanced mainly in the late early phase and prophase of liver regenera Related Articles | Metrics

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INFLUENCE OF CALCITONIN GENERELATED PEPTIDE ON THE PROLIFERATION AND PHENOTYPE TRANSFORMATION OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS 2007, 38 (4):  452-456.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate whether calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) can influence the proliferation and phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs), and what is the relationship between them. Methods Vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) were cultured respectively with rat aorta cultivated for 8 days in vitro and with normal aorta (not culture) through the explantattached method, and CGRP was added into the culture medium of the experimental groups. The proliferation of cells was labeled by 5bromodeoxyuridine (5BrdU) with immunocytochemical method, and the mRNA expression of hypertensionrelated gene1 (HRG-1) and smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) were determined by RT-PCR. Results The proliferating cells labeled by BrDU from the aorta cultured for 8 days in vitro were increased notablly and the mRNA expression of HRG1 and SM22α were decreased. While the VSMCs were cultured in the culture medium containing CGRP, the proliferous cells labeled by BrdU were obviously decreased and the mRNA expression of HRG-1 and SM22α were significantly increased. Conclusion It is showed that CGRP could inhibit the proliferation of VSMCs and change the phenotype of Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EFFECT OF QUANTUM DOTS ON CYTOCHEMISTRY OF MICE ABDOMINAL CAVITY MACROPHAGES IN VITRO 2007, 38 (4):  457-460.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective Study the effect of quantum dots (QDs) on macrophage cytochemistry and enzyme activity of mice in vitro. Methods To observe the macrophage biocompatibility with QDs and effect of QDs on PAS reaction, Feulgen reaction, ATPase,acid phosphatase (AcP), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), ANAE,SDH and LDH using inverted phase contrast microscope, fluorescence microscope, and cytochemistry methods were used. Results QDs hadn’t effect to macrophage structure in 3.125mg/L density of QDs, but its cytochemistry and cell enzyme activity had changed differently, that was PAS reaction, Feulgen reaction, AcP, ALP, ANAE and Mg2+ATP showed positive, and SDH and LDH showed negative. Feulgen reaction, ANAE, ALP and Mg2+ATP had statistical significance with the control group (P<0.05), PAS and AcP doesn’t have statistical significance with the control group(P>0.05). Conclusion In cell level, macrophage enzymes have chang Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EXPRESSION OF HYPOXIAINDUCIBLE FACTOR 1α AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ANGIOGENESIS AND APOPTOSIS IN NONSMALL CELL LUNG CANCER IN HUMEN 2007, 38 (4):  461-465.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the expression of HIF-1α and its relationgship to angiogenesis and apoptosis in nonsmall cell lung cancer(NSCLC), and evaluate its roles in the transformation of NSCLC. Methods The expression of HIF-1α was detected by immunohistochemical staining in the normal lung tissues, the benign lesion, the precancerous lesion, the carcinoma in situ, NSCLC and lymph nodes with metastatic lung cancer. The expression of VEGF was detected by immunohistochemical staining in lung cancer. Apoptotic cells were detected with a nonradioactive 3’end DNA labeling technique(TUNEL reaction) in part of NSCLC. Results The positive rates of HIF-1α found in the precancerous lesion, the carcinoma in situ, lung cancer and the lymph nodes with metastatic lung cancer, were remarkably higher than those in the normal lung tissues and the benign lung lesion. The expression of HIF-1α was only correlated positively with survival time of patients. The expression of VEGF was correlated positively with that of HIF-1α, and negatively to the prognosis of patients. Apoptotic index(AI) was not related to the histological classification and differentiation in stage Ⅰ lung cancer, but AI in the patients whose survival time was above 5 years was remarkably higher than that in the patients whose survival time was below 5 years. AI was correlated positively with the expression of HIF1α.Conclusion The positive rate of HIF-1α in NSCLC Related Articles | Metrics

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MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROCESSES OF NUCLEUS PULPOSUS CELLS IN ADULT HUMAN INTERVERTEBRAL DISC 2007, 38 (4):  466-469.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To explore morphologic characterizatics of cellular processes from adult human nucleus pulposus cells. Methods The nucleus pulposus of adult human intervertebral disc were obtained from 8 patients(Thompson’s grade ⅠⅡ) and then the tissues specimens were carried out by frozen section and electron microscopic section as well as cell isolation and cultured, processes of nucleus pulposus cells were examined using light microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results When examined at both the confocal and electron microscope level, all the cells possessed the processes and adjacent nucleus pulposus cells processes possessed a gap junction. The elongated and round cells were examined when NP cells became monolayer in vitro. The rate of elongated cells to round cells was 23 to 1. The elongated cells protruded along with the long axis of cell body without second processes. Dendritic processes of round cells protruded to all directions from the cell body with multiplelevel processes.Conclusion Processes are one of the morphologic characteristics of intervertebral disc cells. The research on proc Related Articles | Metrics

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OBSERVATION OF ADULT YAK PINEAL GLAND BY LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 2007, 38 (4):  470-475.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the characteristic of histological structure of the pineal gland of the adult yak. Methods HE and AchucarroHortega staining, light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used. Results The pineal gland was composed of pinealocytes, occasional glial cells, capillaries and neural elements. The pinealocyte appppered clear electronic density and its cytoplast included numerous mitochondria, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, microfilament and ribosome.Golgi complex was rare. The typical heterogenous organelle of pinealocyte of yak was spherical synaptic ribbon, which located near the plasma membrane. The glial cells contained abundant of mitochondria, and their processes which appeared bulbous invested the pineal periphery and incompletely separated the pinealocytes. Synapse and junctional complex existed between the pinealocytes and glial cells. Capillaries in pineal gland of the yak were belong to continuous capillaries, and pigment cells were observed around the vascellum in the gastrdistally of the pineal gland. Conclusion Neuroepithelial and epithelioglandular cell conjuction can be observed in the pineal gland of adult yak. Capillaries are belong to continuous capillaries. There are aboundant of organelle except Golgi complex in the pinealocyte. Related Articles | Metrics

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FUNCTION OF p21ACTIVATED KINASE 2 IN XENOPUS OOCYTE CYTOKINESIS 2007, 38 (4):  476-480.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective Study the function of p21activated kinase 2 in Xenopus oocyte cytokinesis. Methods Xenopus oocyte was used as a model, and MPF activity and PAK2 phosphorylation status were observed during oocyte maturation. The specific inhibitor of PAK2 activity, PAK2NT (PAK2Nterminal) was used to microinject into Xenopus oocyte. Under fluorescent microscope germinal vesicle breakdown was observed during cytokinesis. To further observe the changes of Factin and spindle, laser scanning confocal microscopy with timelapse method was employed. Results Occurrences of germinal vesicle breakdown in control oocytes was similar to those oocytes injected with PAK2NT mRNA, but no cytokinesis was observed in oocytes injected with PAK2N Related Articles | Metrics

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EXPRESSION OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-β1 AND ITS SIGNAL TRANSDUCER SMAD2 AND SMAD4 IN ALPACA TESTIS 2007, 38 (4):  481-485.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the expression and localization of TGFβ1 and its signal transducer Smad2 and Smad4 which play important roles during testicular development and spermatogenesis in alpaca testis. Methods The whole testes were obtained from alpacas aged 24 months(n=3) at the Scientific Research Base of Shanxi Agriculture University. The protein expressions of TGFβ1、smad2、smad4 in alpaca testes were examined by Western blotting and SABC. Results The distributions of TGFβ1、Smad2 and Smad4 in the testes of alpacas aged 24 months w Related Articles | Metrics

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ConA INDUCES INTESTINAL MUCOUS MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS TO SECRETE IFN-γ 2007, 38 (4):  486-488.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study whether ConA could induce microvascular endothelial cells to secrete IFN-γ. Methods IFN-γ was tested by double antibody sandwich ELISA. Results The microvascular endothelial cells of the intestinal mucous could be remarkably activated by ConA to secret IFN-γ, and the activations of 5\^0mg/L ConA was time_dependent,but the 10\^0 mg/L ConA was not so;There was not obviously different between the group of 5\^0mg/L ConA and that of 10.0 mg/L ConA . Conclusion ConA could induce microvascular endothelial cells of the rat intestinal m Related Articles | Metrics

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ISOLATION, CULTURE AND PURIFICATION OF CEREBRAL CORTICAL NEURONS AND GLIAL CELLS FROM THE EMBRYONIC GEKKO 2007, 38 (4):  489-493.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To establish a method of neurons and glial cell culture from embryonic Gekko japonicus cerebral cortex. Methods Embryonic (E15) pallium was dissociated and digesting by trypsin. After counting, cells were seeded in culture flask. The glial cells were obtained by using differential adhesion potential combined with successive passage purified methods, and neurons were obtained by using neurobasal medium supplemented with B27. The cells were fixed and analyzed with immunohistochemic assay. Results After tetra_generation, GFAP positive cells were more than 95% in glial cells cultured condition; Neurons grew well in neurobasal medium, and NF and MAP_2 positive signals co_localized on neurons. After cultured for 10 days, the percentage of neurons was more than 95%.Conclusion The methods of isolation, culture and purification for embryonic Gekko japonicus cortical neurons and glial cells were established and it might be a valuable cell model to further investigate Related Articles | Metrics

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A LOCAL CLUSTERING SEGMENTING METHOD FOR ANATOMICAL CROSS-SECTIONAL IMAGE OF CHINESE DIGITAL HUMAN 2007, 38 (4):  494-497.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective This article aimed to describe an interactive segmenting method for serial anatomical cross_sectional image of Chinese Digital Human(CDH) using commercially available software, Photoshop CS (Adobe; San Jose, CA, Corel KnockOut 20 plug_in) and Matlab 70(Math Works; Worcester, MA). Methods First, the interesting region was segmented from the image interactively utilizing the Knochout menu of AdobeD○R PhotoshopD○R which had a powerful masking function. And then smooth contour was acquired precisely by morphological operation function and edge detection operator(the Sobel method) in Matlab. Results The segmentation and classification of bone, muscle and main vascular nerve were fulfilled successfully and the smooth contour l Related Articles | Metrics

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THE PATHWAYS FOR THE LYSOSOMAL CELL DEATH 2007, 38 (4):  498-500.  doi: Abstract ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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THE RESEARCH PROGRESS ON NG2 GLIAL CELLS 2007, 38 (4):  501-504.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To review the physiological characters and potential function of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan, CSPG(NG2) glial cells in the central nervous system. Methods In conclusion of the NG2 glial properties and the global, novel researches on NG2 cells. Results Cells that express the NG2 proteoglycan comprise a unique population of glial cells in the central nervous system. Study on their role in the CNS becomes more and more popular. Previous researches mainly focus on the differentiation and distinction. Now the relationship between NG2 glial cells and neurons, and the synaptic plasticity is becoming a hot topic. Conclusion This review referred the research development of NG2 glial cells, including the differentiation, migration, their interaction with neurons, and the potential role in glial cell regeneration in disease systematically. Related Articles | Metrics