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2006, Volume 37 Issue 6
06 December 2006    Next Issue
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The Activation of Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase and cAMP Respo nsive Element Binding Protein in the Anterior Cingulte Cortex Induced by Perip heral Injection of Formalin 2006, 37 (6):  605-610.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the activation of extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK) an d cAMPresponsive element binding protein (CREB) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) induced by peripheral injection of formalin. Methods 5% formalin was injected subcutaneously into the unilateral hindpaw. The rats w BR>ere perfused or killed and the ACC dissected at different time points. The activation of phosphorylated ERK (pERK) and phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) in the ACC we are observed by immunohistochemical and Western blotting techniques. Results Subcutaneous injection of formalin induced the activation of pCREB and pERK in the ACC. Formalininduced the activation of pERK and pCREB in the ACC peaked at 3 min and 30 min after stimulation, respectively. The total ERK and CREB had no significant changes. Conclusion The ACC could receive peripheral noxious information and the ERK and CREB in the BR>ACC might involve in the processing of the primary unpleasentn Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Chronic Multiple Stress on Learning and Memory of the Rats and the Role of cAMP/PKA CREB in its Mechanism 2006, 37 (6):  611-616.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective The present study is to explore the effect of the chronic multiplestress on learning and memory of rats and the role of cAMP/PKA-CREB pathway in its mechanism. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control rats were housed in normal situations without any treatment; the chronically single str essed rats were exposed to restraint stress 6 hours a day for 6 weeks; the chronically multiplestressed rats were irregularly and alternatively subjected to 4 stressors for 6 weeks. After the stress experiment, all rats were tested for spatial learning and memory in Morris water maze (MWM). The expression of PKA-CSUB>β/SUB> and pCREB in different subfields of the hippocampus was assayed by using immunohistochemistry and the level of BDNF and Bcl-2 mRNAs in hippocampal tissues was determined by RT-PCR. Results The latency to escape from water in MWM after stress, as compared with control (18.9+13.0)s, the latency to escape of the chronically multiplestressed (14.2+5.8)s was shorten significantly (P<0.05), indicating enhanced the spatial memory, while no apparent changes were observed in singlestressed (20.4+12.8)s (P>0.05). Compared with control, the expression of PKA-Cβ in hippocampal area CA1 and CA3 and the expression of pCREB in area CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) were distinctively higher in multiplestressed rats (P<0.05), while no significant difference of the expression was discovered in singlestressed rats (P>0.05). No obvious difference was observed in the expression of hippocampal BDNF and Bcl-2 mRNAs among the 3 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion These results indicate that chronic mu Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of an Immortalized Rat Astrocyte Strain Expressing Enkephalin Regulated by Doxcycline and its Analgesic Effect on Rat Chronic Neuropathic Pain 2006, 37 (6):  617-621.  doi: Abstract ( )   P>Objective To establish an immortalized rat astrocyte strain (IAST) expressing enkephalin regulated by doxycycline (Dox) and observe its analysesic effect on rat chronic neuropathic pain. Methods Retrovirus infection method was employed to develop an immortalized rat astrocyte strain expression enkephalin regulated by doxycycline. hPPE gene expression level of IAST/TetOn/hPPE strain was detected by Real time PCR and radioimmunoas say. Its analgesic potential was investigated by mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds after these cells were implanted into the subarachnoid space of chronic constrictive injury (CCI) rats. The expression of Fos protein in the dorsal horn of spinal cord was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results An immortalized rat astrocyte strain secreting enkephalin under the control of doxycycline was established successfully. After transplantation of IAST/TetOn/hPPE cell into the subarachnoid space of chronic constrictive injury (CCI) rats, the sensitivity of mechanical allodynia and the expression of Fos protein were significantly decreased (P<005), so the transplantation of IAST/Tet On/hPPE cell alleviated significantly CCIinduced chronic neuropathic pain in rats and the analgesic effect was also able to be regulated by Dox.Conclusion An immortalized rat astrocyte strain expressing enkephalin regulated by Dox has been established, which may provide a new tool for regulatable Related Articles | Metrics

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Combination of Goremor Vessel Electroacupuncture and Transplanted Neural Stem Cells Promotes Injured Spinal Cord Tissue Producting Nerve Growth Active Substances 2006, 37 (6):  622-626.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To explore whether combination of Goremor vessel electroacupuncture and transplanted neural stem cells could promote the completely transected spinal cord tissue producting some nerve growth active substances. Methods Fourtyfive adult rats were divided into normal group, control group, neural stem cells transplanted group (NSCs group), Goremor vessel electroacupunctural group (EC group) and Goremor vessel electroacupuncture plus NSCs transplanted group (EC+NSCs group). All animals (except for the normal group) were performed complete transection on T10 segment of spinal cord. The electroacupunctural treatment started at the fifth day after operation among EC group and EC+NSCs group. The sacrifice time of rats was the 14d and 28d after operation respectively. The cyclic adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP) radioimmunoassay and Western blotting test for levels of Neuroltrophin3 (NT3), neurotrophic factor receptor——Trk and growth associated protein43 (GAP43) were made in the tissue of injured spinal cord. Results 1 Fourteen days after operation, cAMP concentration at cranial segment and caudal segment of injured spinal cord segment was lower in all groups than that of normal group, except for EC group. cAMP concentration at injured segment was increased slightly in EC group and EC+NSCs group than that of normal group, Twentyeight days after operation, cAMP concentration at cranial segment and caudal segment of injured spinal cord segment maintained a higher level in EC+NSCs group. cAMP concentration at injured segment was increased slightly in NSCs group and EC+NSCs group than normal group. 2 The expression of NT3,Trk and GAP43 was more prominent in EC group and EC+NSCs group. Meanwhile, the expression of three proteins was lower in control group and NSCs group than that of EC group and EC+NSCs group.Conclusion Goremor vessel electroacupuncture may promote the injured spinal cord tissue producting cAMP. The combination o Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Annexin II on the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury of the Rats 2006, 37 (6):  627-632.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective In order to make further investigation of the functional meaning of Ca2+dependent phospholipids binding protein AnnexinⅡ, we tested the effects of AnnexinⅡ combined with embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantion on the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods The spinal cord of the adult rats was transected completely between T9T10. AnnexinⅡ and NSCs were injected at the transected site. The lesion area of the spinal cord, growth of axon, and survival number and migration of the transplanted NSCs were measured. The survival number was shown by prelabeling the NSCs with Hoechest 33342 and the growth of axon traversing the transected area was shown by fluorogold (FG) retrograde tracing. The AnnexinⅡ injection+NSCs implantation groups were compared with groups that respectively received 1. NSCs implantation alone; 2. shamoperation+NSCs implantation and 3. Vehicle injection of culture medium. Results Our results demonstrated that AnnexinⅡ treatment in vivo could significantly reduce the lesion area (P<001), increase the number of FG retrogradelylabeled neurons rostral to the injury (P<001), and improve the Related Articles | Metrics

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The Activation of SAPK/JNK and p38MARK May be the Possible Mechanism of Neuronal Apoptosis Induced by no after Cerebral IschemiaReperfusion 2006, 37 (6):  633-639.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To establish transient focal cerebral ischemia rats model, explore the relationship between the expression of NOS, the activation of SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK in the boundary zone of the infarcts area after reperfusion, and uncover the possible mechanism of NO inducing neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Methods Transient focal ischemia models of middle cerebral artery occlusion were induced by inserting a filament through left internal carotid artery for 2h. Rats were grouped as following: control, sham operation, model. Coronal brain sections were collected after 1h,2h,4h,6h,12h,24h of reperfusion, Neuronal injury in the boundary zone of the infarcts area was evaluated by TUNEL staining; The expression of activated Caspase-3, nNOS and iNOS, total SAPK/JNK, p38MAPK and their phosphorylation(Thr183/Tyr185,Thr180/Tyr182)was investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting with corresponding antibodies. Results After reperfusion, nNOS immunoreactivity increased markedly at lh and 2h time point in the boundary zone of the infarcts area (P<0.01, it was compared with control,sham and the other time points); The expression of iNOS protein appeared at 1 h and enhanced gradually, peaked at 12h and 24h (P<0.01, compared with the other time points). SAPK/JNK immunoreactivity did not increase at each time point in the boundary zone of the infarcts area after reperfusion, p-SAPK/JNK immunoreactivity increased significantly at 1h (P<0.01, compared with the other time points) and decreased gradually; p38MAPK immunoreactivity was enhanced at each time point(P<0.01 compared with normal, sham), peaked at 6h (P<0.01 compared with the other time points), p-p38MAPK was induced after reperfusion and the activation peaked also at 6h (P<0.01 compared with the other time points). Activated Caspase-3 immunoreactivity appeared at 6h in the boundary zone of the infarcts area and peaked at 12h (P<0.01 compared with 12 h,24 h); TUNEL positive neurons appeared at 12h and became more abundant at 24h (P<0.01 compared with 12 h). Conclusion The increased expression of NOS in the boundary zone of the infarcts area may induce neuronal apoptosis by activa Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effect of Cysteine Protease Inhibitor of Snake Venom(Sv-Cystatin )on Mous Melanoma Cells Invasion in vitro and in vivo 2006, 37 (6):  640-645.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of cysteine protease inhibitor of snake venom (sv-cystatin) on invasiveness and metastasis of melanoma cells. Methods The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1/sv-cystatin was constructed and transferred into mouse melanoma cell line B16F1 by lipofection technology. The positive clones were screened by G418 and the sv-cystatin expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The ability of tumor cell invasion was identified by Boyden chamber in vitro and tumor invasion animal model in vivo. The ability of tumor cell proliferation and adhension was also determined by MTT assay. Results Expression of svcystatin was detected in B16F1/sv-cys cells after genetransfection. Transfection of svcystatin significantly decreased the invasion and migration of B16F1/sv-cys cells along with obviously inhibited the experimental pulmonary metastasis in vivo, but the proliferation and adhension capacity of B16F1/sv-cys cells had no change.Conclusion Transfection of sv-cystatin gene into mouse melanoma cell line results in the suppression of Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Signal Transduction and Regulation in Erythropoiesis by Total Saponins of Panax Ginseng 2006, 37 (6):  646-649.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investgate the signal transduction and regulation in erythropoiesis by total saponins of Panax ginseng(TSPG) to clarify the mechanism for Panax Ginseng promoting hematopoiesis. Methods The colonyforming ability of mononucear cells(MNCs) from human umbilical cord blood was assayed in methylcellulose assay systems, various dilutions of TSPG(0,10-100mg/L) were then added to each methylcellulose culture mixture; MNC proliferation in response to erythropoietin(Epo) was measured by MTT; To investigate whether the preferential differentiation of MNCs into erythroid lineage cells was caused by an increase in the expression of erythropoietin receptor(EpoR) on the cells, immunoblotting analyses were performed; Immunoprecipitation of JAKSUB>2/SUB>/STATSUB>5 /SUB>was used for the effect of TSPG on Epo/EpoRinduced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAKSUB>2/SUB>/STATSUB>5/SUB>. Results 1TSPG(10-75mg/L) can promote the colony formation of BFU-E, CFU-E, and the preferential differentiation into erythroid lineage cells was induced from 25mg/L of TSPG; 2Using the colorimetric MTT assay, MNCs exhibited proliferous responses to Epo (2×103～5×104IU/L) reaching maximum at 5×103 IU/L Epo;3The addition of TSPG did not increase the expression of EpoR; 4After MNCs were incubated in the presence of with or without TSPG for 24 h, the cells were stimulated with Epo for 0, 2, 5, 30min, and tyrosine phosphorylation JAKSUB>2/SUB>/STATSUB>5 /SUB>was measured. The pretreatment with TSPG enhanced Epoinduced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAKSUB>2/SUB> and STATSUB>5/SUB>(STATSUB>5a/SUB>and STATSUB>5b/SUB>). Conclusion In the present study, we have shown that the Epo/EpoRmediated signals are e Related Articles | Metrics

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Expressions of the EZH2 Protein in the Carcinoma of Esophagus 2006, 37 (6):  650-655.  doi: Abstract ( )   P>Objective To investigate the expressions of enhancer of zeste(EZH2) in carcinoma of esophagus and its potential significance. Methods The expression and distribution of EZH2 were determined on the esophageal squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma by using immunohistochemistry. We then detected EZH2 protein expression in the esophageal squamous carcinoma, paracarcinomatous and normal tissues by Western blotting. Results The immunohistochemical staining showed EZH2 protein was highly expressed in esophageal squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma tissues. The positive staining was observed in the nuclear region. Normal tissues and corresponding paracarcinomatous tissues were stained weakly. Western blotting analysis showed that the strongest positive signals were detected in the esophageal squamous carcinoma (P<0.01). The positive signals were stronger in corresponding paracarcinomatous tissue than that in normal tissues (P<0.05). The expression of EZH2 protein in invasive and metastatic carcinomas had strikingly increased, compared with carcinomas without invasion and metastases, which had significant differences in the statistics (P<0.05). The expression of EZH2 in well differentation squamous carcinoma was significantly lower than that in medium or poor differentiation respectively. However, the expression in well differentation adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in medium or poor differentiation. Conclusion EZH2 protein was highly expressed in esophageal carcinoma. The expression of EZH2 protein was clearly associated with invasion, metastases and tissue types of esophageal carcinoma./P> Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction, Expression and Detection of the Eukaryotic Expression Vector of Serotonin-N-Acetyltransferase Gene 2006, 37 (6):  656-659.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the possibility that the construction and expression of a eukaryotic expression vector system of rat NNNAT gene. Methods The fulllength cDNA fragment of rat AANAT gene was amplified by RTPCR method. After retrieving the PCR products, ligating it with pTARGETTM vector, transformating ligation reaction to JM109 huge efficiency competent cells and identifying the recombinant plasmid, the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pTARGETTM-AANAT was transfected into rat L6 myoblasts with lipofectamine. Accordingly, engineered cells selected by antibiotic G418 were detected by the methods of RT-PCR and Westem blotting. Results It was revealed that, amplified AA-NAT cDNA confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis could ligate with pTARGETTM vector and subcloned into JM109 cells. L6 cells transfected with pTARGETTM-AA-NAT survived well after G418 selection and expressed AA-NAT protein. Conclusion Our results suggest that we have prepared rat AA-NAT stable eukaryotic expression system successfully although it was just a primary result. This system can be used for th Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of β-catenin on Regnlating Hair Follicle Cell′s Proliferation 2006, 37 (6):  660-664.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the mechanism of β-catenin on the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of hair follicle cells. Methods Aminoterminal truncated β-catenin gene was transfected into hair follicle cells. The expression of β-catenin was detected by immunocytochemistry to identify the success of transfection. Proliferation of transfected cells was measured by clone forming efficiency. The expression of keratin 19 of transfected cells was detected by immunocytochemistry. The expression of the target gene c-myc was observed by Western blotting and in situ hybridization. Results The expression of β-catenin in the nuclear after transfection increased indicating the success of aminoterminal truncated β-catenin gene transfection. Clone forming efficiency increased significantly in transfected cells, however, there was no significant increase of large clone. The expression of K19 increased slightly. Both of the expression of c-Myc protein and mRNA increased significantly after transfection, suggesting that the increase of β-catenin promoted the transcription and translation of c-myc gene. BR>Conclusion The conclusion was drawn fr Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies of Realgar on Induction of Apoptosis and Reversal of Drug Resistance in Human Breast Tumor Cells MCF-7/ADM 2006, 37 (6):  665-668.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective One of the major obstacle to the successful treatment of cancer in clinic is the drugresistance phenotype. In this study, the effect of realgar (REA) on the induction of apoptosis and the reversal of drug resistance were investigated. Methods Human breast cancer line MCF-7 and its adriamycin (ADM) resistant counterpart MCF-7/ADM cells were used in this study. 15mg/L REA and 25mg/L REA were selected as non-cytotoxic dose and lowcytotoxic to MCF-7/ADM cells respectively by MTT assay. Then, they were adopted to affect the growth of MCF-7/ADM cells. MTT assay was used to analyze the effect of REA on drug sensitivity to ADM. The cells apoptosis was detected by transmission electron microscope and flow cytornetry. The expressions of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 were detected by flow cytometry. Finally, the intracellular accumulation of ADM in MCF-7/ADM cells was detected by fluorescentspectrophotometry. Results REA reversed the drugresistance of ADM in MCF-7/ADM cells with dosedependent relationship. When 15mg/L REA or 25?mg/L REA was added into the culture, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ADM in MCF-7/ADM cells was reduced from 30.4mg/L to 13.2mg/L and 10.8mg/L (P<0.01) respectively, the reversal folds were 2.3 and 2.8 respectively. The cell apoptosis was observed under transmission electron microscope and the apoptosis of MCI-7/ADM cells was increased from 0.6% to 2.0% (P<0.05) and 3.4% (P<0.01) respectively. The expression of Bcl-2 protein in MCF-7/ADM cells was reduced from 90.2% to 63.6% (P<0.01) and 52.7% (P<0.01) respectively. The intracellular accumulation of ADM in MCF-7/ADM cells was obviously increased after treatment with REA (P<0.01).Conclusion REA could obviously reduce the expression of Bcl-2, increase the intracellular ADM concentration. Finally, it induces MCF-7/ADM cell apoptosis w Related Articles | Metrics

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Inducing Arsenic Resistance Cells with Human Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells 2006, 37 (6):  669-672.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To obtain stable arsenicresistance cells, the fetal bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)were exposed to lowlevel arsenite for 18 weeks. Methods Cells from 4 months fetal bone marrow were cultured in αMEM medium to obtain BMSCs. After 24h cytotoxicity test of the fetal BMSCs, we chosed 1?μmol/L NaAsO\-2 to be the dose under which the cell deathrate was 5%10%. The fetal BMSCs were exposed to lowlevel arsenite. MTT was used to detect the survival rate and IC50 of arsenicexposed cells and the control cells, which can reflect the change of arsenic tolerance. A hydride generationatomic fluorescence spectrometry method was used to detect arsenic in the arsenicresistance cells and the control cells. In order to study the mechanism of arsenicresistance, we also examined the intracellular GSH and GST content in the arsenicresistance cells and the control cells. Results The fetal BMSCs were continuously exposed to 1?μmol/L NaAsO\-2. Parallel cells were cultured in medium without arsenic provided passagematched control. After the fetal BMSCs were continuously exposed to low level NaAsO\-2 for 18 weeks, cells exhibited dramatic resistance to acute arsenite toxicity. Compared to control cells, arsenicresistance cells showed reduction in arsenic accumulation in cells. The Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Apoptosis of Renal Cells of Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Rats 2006, 37 (6):  673-676.  doi: Abstract ( )   P>Objective To observe the change of renal morphological structure and apoptosis of renal cells. Methods Healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n=5), 2 weeks CCl4 group (n=5) and 6 weeks CCl4 group (n=5) . The control group were injected oily solution with 0.12ml/100g rat weight, the CCl4 group were subcutaneously injected 60% carbon tetrachloride oily solution with 0.3ml/100g rat weight. At the first day of 3 weeks and 7 weeks, 2 weeks CCl4 group and 6 weeks CCl4 group rats were respectively killed. The morphological structure in renal central section was observed after HE staining. The expressions of Caspase-3 and Bax were detected by immunohistochemistry. The apoptosis of rat renal cells was detected by TUNEL staining. Results The structures of rat renal tubules and corpuscle was normal in the control group. We detected the histological change in proximal tubules in the 6 weeks CCl4 group, tiny tomentums of epithelial cells fell off, cells was vacuolization. The structure of renal corpuscle was normal. The pathological changes of 2 weeks CCl4 group were similar, but relative little and limited. There was no Caspase-3 and Bax positive cell in control group and 2 weeks CCl4 group, but lots of Caspase-3 and Bax positive cells were in 6 weeks CCl4 group, mainly fastened on epithelial cells of proximal tubules near the medulla, and brown granules were mostly located in the cytoplasm. There was no positive cell in control group by TUNEL staining. There were a lot of apoptosis epithelial cells of proximal tubules, renal glomerular also had a few of TUNEL positive cells in the 2 weeks CCl4 group. Apoptosis cells mainly located in the epithelial cells of distal tubules in the 6 weeks CCl4 group, a few of apoptosis epithelial cells were in proximal tubules. Conclusion In carbon tetrachloride induced renal injuried rats, apoptosis cells mainly happened in epithelial cells of proximal tubules in 2 weeks. The apoptosis of epithelial cells of distal tubules presented 6 weeks later./P> Related Articles | Metrics

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Expressions of IL-1β and IL-1 RI mRNA in the Rat Carotid Body 2006, 37 (6):  677-680.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the expressions of IL-1 receptor type-Ⅰ(ΒIL-1RI) mRNA and IL-1β protein in the rat carotid body. Methods In situ hybridization, immunofluorescence double staining and Western blotting methods were used. Results The result of in situ  hybridization showed that the positive signal of IL-1β mRNA was mainly located in the glomus cells of the carotid body. The result of immunofluorescence double staining showed that IL-1β protein also expressed in the glomus cells of the organ. The Western blotting proved that the IL-1β immunoreactive band appeared at 18?kD, consi Related Articles | Metrics

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Significance of an Ubiquitin Ligase hHrdl Expressed in Human Breast Carcinoma 2006, 37 (6):  681-684.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the pathological significance of an ubiquitin ligase hHrd1 involved in human breast carcinogensis. Methods By using immunohistochemical SP method, the expressions of hHrd1 protein were determined in normal human mammary epithelium, mammary hyperplasia, fibroadenoma and primary carcinoma of breast. Results Expression level of hHrdl protein was significantly higher in human breast carcinoma than that in normal human mammary epithelium, mammary hyperplasia and fibroadenoma of breast. There was also significant difference between ductal carcinoma in situ (or with early infiltration) and invasive ductal carcinoma (P<0.05), and the former was weaker. The expression level of hHrdl correlated positively with tumor size (P<0.05), but not with histologic grade and lymph node metastasis(P>0.05). Conclusion An ubiquitin ligase hHrdl may play a role in carcinogenesis in human breast. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Pathological Changes of Ultrastructure in Bronchial Mucosa of Type 2 Diabetic Patients 2006, 37 (6):  685-688.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the pathological changes of ultrastructure of mucosa in various bronchial segments from type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Sixteen cases of type 2 diabetic patients were selected, 23 pieces of bronchial mucosa and submucosal tissue of the lesion were taken from various bronchi during bronchoscopy and these samples were observed under a transmission electron microscope. Results The basal lamina of bronchial capillary were diffusely thickened and mostly showed onionskin like change, protein deposited around and BR> mixed with basal menbrance; irregular highly electron dense materials were found to deposite around capillary, capillary lumen became narrow or even collapsed,neutrophilic leucocyte marginated in lumen and adhered with endothelium; protein deposited in the interstitial; endothelial cells and pericytes had dark cell changes.The cistern of rough endoplasmic reticulum dilated and vesicle formed. Conclusion Bronchial mucosa and its surrounding tissues show characteristic pathological changes of diabetes, bronchial is also the target organ of chronic diabetic damage. BR> Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Variation between Maonan and Mulao Ethnic Groups of China by STR 2006, 37 (6):  689-693.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the 6 short tandem repeats (D2S1338,D8S1179,D16S539,D18S51,D19S433,D21S11) polymorphism in Maonan and Mulao minority and their genetic relationships with other 5 minorities in Guangxi Province and to enrich the genetic database of Maonan and Mulao populations. Methods The allelic frequencies and the genotype of six STR loci were generated from 383 unrelated Maonan and Mulao individuals by PCR-STR and ABI3100. Results Sixty-one and 65 STR alleles were found in the six STR loci of Maonan and Mulao populations, with their frequencies ranging from 0.002 5-0.320 0 and 0.002 7-0.284 2 respectively. Two hundred and sixteen and 218 genotypes were found in Maonan and Mulao populations,with their frequencies ranging from 0.005 0-0.150 0 and 0.005 5-0.158 5 respectively.Their average heterozygosities were above 0.8; polymorphism information content were above 0.8 their accumulative discrimination power were over 0.999 999 98, and the probability of paternity exclusion were over 0.998 3.The results of genetic distance and phylogenetic tree showed that there were closest genetic relationship between Maonan and Mulao minorities,and farthest genetic relationship was existed between Shui and Yi minorities.Seven minorities were clustered to 2 groups on phylogenetic tree.Yi minority was clustered to one group,whereas the other 6 minorities(Maonan,Mulao,Hui,Miao,Shu and Jing nationalities) were clustered to the other group. Conclusion Six STR loci of Maonan and Mulao minorities possesse the characteristic of high genetic diversities which has great practical value.Therefore,the obtained data can be used in human population genetics investigation,individual indentification and paternity test.The genetic variation of STR among 7 populations is basically consistent with their historical culture and geographic distribution. Related Articles | Metrics

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Applied Anatomic Study on MSCT of Greater Omentum in Chinese Adults 2006, 37 (6):  694-697.  doi: Abstract ( )   ［Abstract］ Objective To study radiological_anatomy of greater omentum and to address the related clinical implications, and to provide anatomic data for the radiological diagnosis and surgical application of greater omentum. Methods The anatomic distribution and morphology of the greater omentum as well as the anatomic relationship of the organs in the vicinity were analyzed by using axial, coronal, sagittal and 3D images from 16-detector row spiral CT scans of 60 individuals. We assessed the advantages of these images as well as the clinical significance. The data were recorded and analyzed by using SPSS115 software. Results 1. Advantages of three sections: axial section, the display of the fatty tissue and the anatomic distribution; coronal section, the vasculature; sagittal section, the anatomic relationship of neighbour organs. 2. Three-dimensional reformatted images showed the return of the gastroepiploic vein. 3. Gastrocolic trunk was revealed in 67.2% of cases. The free_hanging portion seemed to have the capability of ‘migration’: it located in the subphrenic spaces in 207% of cases and distributed in the right lower quadrant predominantly in 17.2% of cases. The CT value of fatty density within greater omentum was (-104.97±10.78)Hu and no statistical significance was found in the difference between greater omentum and the subcutaneous tissue. Conclusion Gastroepiploic vessel is the landmark for the location of greater omentum. Axial, coronal and sagittal sections together with 3D reconstruction images could produce a full display of greater omentum and provide valuable data for the radiologic Related Articles | Metrics

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Anatomical Study on the Fascial Arch of the Opponens Digiti Minimi 2006, 37 (6):  698-699.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the entrapment to the deep branch of the ulnar nerve at the wrist, to assist the surgeon in diagnosis and treatment of Guyon canal syndrome. Methods Twenty fresh upper limbs were dissected on loupe(×5), to record the relationship between the ulnar nerve and the hypothenar muscles, the course of the ulnar nerve at the wrist. Results The deep branchs of the ulnar nerve go through an intermuscular space after runing out of the Guyon canal. The intermuscular space consisits of the superficial and deep head of the opponens digiti minimi and the hook of the hamate, which has one entrance and one exit. We named the intermuscular space as the hiatus of opponens digiti minimi, and named the proximal edge of the superficial head of the opponens digiti minimi as the fascial arch of the opponens digiti minimi.Conclusion We found that the fascial arch of the opponens digiti minimi can compress the deep branch of the ulnar nerve causing motor deficit of the intrinsic muscles of hands. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Weighted Imaging in Rabbits 2006, 37 (6):  700-704.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the changes of magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) in acute cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Methods Adult healthy NewZeadand rabbits(103 cases) were used to established middle cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (MCAO/R) model by intraluminal thread technique, and 58 successful models were randomly divided into permanent ischemic group(30 cases) which further divided into ischemic 1 h,3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h groups consisting 5 cases and ischemic reperfusion group 28 cases which further divided into reperfusion 0h,2h,5h,11h,23h,47h groups consisting 5,5,5,4,5,4 cases respectively.Another 10 rabbits were regarded as ischemic contrast(5 cases) and reperfusion contrast(5 cases).The changes of hyper-intensity signal area on DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) were measured in different groups Results 1. In ischemic group rabbits,the hyper-intensity signal area on DWI with declined ADC appeared at ischemic 1h.The hype-intensity signal areas on DWI at different times were larger than that at ischemic 1h and unchanged at 24h.The mean ADC at different times declined at first and then gradually increased.2.In reperfusion group rabbits: compared with ischemic 1h,the hyperintensity signal BR>area on DWI reduced while ADC increased at reperfusion 2 and 5h, but the hyper-intensity signal area on DWI enlarged with ADC high at reperfusion 11h,then the hyper-intensity signal area on DWI enlarged with ADC reduced siginificantly at 23h and 47h.Conclusion The hyper-intensity signal area on DWI and the decreasing ADC in acute cerebral ischemia could be improved by early reperfusion,but the secondary decreasing ADC would be induced with Related Articles | Metrics

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The Roles of Sympathetic Nerve on Embryo Implantation and Local Immunity in Uterus of Mice 2006, 37 (6):  705-709.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the effect mechanism of sympathetic nerve on early developing embryo of mice. Methods The model of sympathectomy mouse was established by 6-OHDA injected intraperitoneally.The early developing mice embryo and lymphocytes in uterus were observed using histology,immunohistochemistry and ELISA methods. Results In sympathectomy mouse,the number of embryo implantation was decrease to 64.4%,endometrial lamina propria and vascellum were shortfall.The numbers of CD4+T cell and CD8+T cell in sympathectomy mice were larger than ones in control groups, especially,the number of CD8+T cells at E3 and E5 differed highly (P<0.01).The quantity of IL-2 in sympathectomy mouse increased,and it was the highest at E5,increased to 3.6 times.The quantity of IL-4 was higher than that of control mouse only at E5,and the IL-2/IL-4 increased in sympathectomy mouse uterus.Conclusion Changes of uterus histology and CD4+,CD8+T cells and Th1/Th2 cells are the ones of effects of sympathetic nerve on early embryo development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of L-NAME on Spermatogenic Cell Apoptosis and Expression of Apoptosis Related Gene Bax in Rats Experimental Cryptorchidism 2006, 37 (6):  710-714.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of N\+w-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester(L-NAME) on spermatogenic cell apoptosis and the expression of Bax in rats experimental cryptorchidism. Methods Unilateral cryptorchidism was surgically induced in the rats under pentobarbital anaesthesia. The rats of cryptorchid +normal saline group and cryptorchid+L-NAME group were injected intraperitoneally normal saline and L-NAME ［50mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d)］ accordingly. The activity of NOS in the left testis was measured by colorimetric method on the 7th day after operation. The effect of L-NAME on apoptosis of spermatogenic cell in the unilateral cryptorchidism was evaluated by TUNEL and FCM .The mRNA and protein expression level of Bax in testes was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemieal assay accordingly. Results Administration of L-NAME could attenuate the activity of NOS and inhibit spermatogenic cells apoptosis in rats experimental cryptorchidism, and it could significantly inhibit weight loss of the cryptorchid. The mRNA and protein expression level of Bax in the cryptorchid testes treated with L-NAME was the lowest among the four groups, and in the testes of the cryptorchid group and the cryptorchid +normal saline group the mRNA and protein expression level of Bax was higher than that of sham operation group. Conclusion The mRNA and protein expression level of Bax in rats experimental cryptorchidism increases significantly. Administration of L-NAME can inhibit spermatogenic cell apoptosis by decreasing Bax expression. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Study of Direct Differentiation of Mice Embryonic Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes Induced by TGF-β-1 and Coculture with Visceral Endoderm Like END-2 Cells 2006, 37 (6):  715-719.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the differentiation of embryonic stem cells(ESCs) induced by transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and co-cultured with visceral endoderm like END-2 cells,and explore cardiomyocytes induction effects of the combined techniques Methods Day 2-3 embryoid bodies (EBs) were derived from ESCs,and then TGF-β1 was added or/and co-cultured with END-2 cells or END-2 cells conditioned medium.Spontaneous differentiation was as a control.The expression of cardiac specific α-sarcmeric actin(α-actin) and cardiac troponin-T(TnT) was detected by immunofluoresence staining.The ultrastructural analysis for ESCs-derived cardiomyocytes was scanned by transmission electron micrograph. Results The total percentage of beating EBs treated with TGF-β1, co-cultured with END-2 cells,or END-2 cell conditioned medium was(43±2.08)%,(69±3.61)%,(65±3.06)%，respectively.All the beating cardiomyocytes derived from ESCs expressed cardiac-specific proteins for α-actin and TnT,and could be observed the cardiac-specific ultrastructure.Interestingly,the total percentage of beating EBs treated with the combined method was (91±1.52)%.(P<0.01),and the beating areas were bigger,and more Related Articles | Metrics

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RNA Interference 2006, 37 (6):  720-728.  doi: Abstract ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Technique of Producing Mice Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells by Tetraploid Embryo Complementation 2006, 37 (6):  724-727.  doi: Abstract ( )   Related Articles | Metrics