Table of Content

2020, Volume 51 Issue 2
06 April 2020 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Anatomy
Review
Histology,Embryology and Developmental Biology
Anthropology
Neurobiology
Cell and Molecules Biology
Cancer Biology


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Cerebellar dentate nucleus and its veins on susceptibility weighted imaging YAO Xiao-xiao REN Chuan-gen CHEN Dai-xi MIAO Hui-zhong CHEN Zheng-zhen YANG Xin-dong LI Chang-sheng CHEN Cheng-chun 2020, 51 (2):  239-244.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (8399KB) ( )   Objective  Make use of image dentate nucleus and the veins around it on susceptibility weighted images (SWI), explore the correlation between the location of hilum of dentate nucleus and the venous variation of dentate nucleus.   Methods  Selecting 51 healthy adults (24 men, 27 women) at the age between 18 and 30 years old to get the original images on 3.0T MR. Process the original images by minimum intensity projections (mIP) observed and analyzed the morphology of dentate nucleus and veins around it on original and processed images.   Results  The length of dentate nucleus was (16.64±0.20)mm, and the width was (8.36±0.14)mm. There was no significant difference between bilateral dentate nucleus. The median angle of the long axis of the dentate nucleus was 26.80° (interquartile distance was 34.58°). The venous network of dentate nucleus was formed in 2 groups of veins: the lateral group, drained by the vein of the horizontal fissure and nuclear vein; the medial group, drained by vermian vein and central vein of dentate nucleus. These two groups had been further typing as follows: the lateral anterior group drained by the nuclear vein, finally opening to superior petrosal sinus; the lateral median group had plenty of small veins of lateral dentate nucleus converge into the vein of the horizontal fissure; the lateral posterior group  drained by a lot of very small veins converging to vermian veins or medullary veins; the medial anterior group that the central vein of dentate nucleus and the paravermian vein were jointed at hilum of dentate   ucleus, opening into straight sinus; the medial posterior group usually converged into tributaries of vermian vein, or converged with paravermian vein into tributaries of vermian vein. Totally 75.49% of hilums of dentate nucleus were located at upper inner quadrant, the other 24.51% of them were located at lower inner quadrant.   Conclusion  Dentate nucleus and its veins are clearly visible on the susceptibility weighted images, and the location of the hilum of dentate nucleus may be related to the abouchement of paravermian vein. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Anatomy

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Analysis of the diagnosis maneuver of lateral semicircular canal benign positional paroxysmal vertigo and observation of the otolith movement using physical engine YANG Xiao-kai 2020, 51 (2):  245-251.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (2587KB) ( )   Objective  To analysis the diagnosis maneuvers of lateral semicircular canal benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV) and to explore the diagnostic mechanism.   Methods  The three-dimensional BPPV labyrinth model was established based on the physical engine. The otolith in different positions of the lateral semicircular canal was set up. The otolith movement in different positions during the horizontal roll test was analyzed, and the induced nystagmus could be inferred.   Results  Horizontal roll test nystagmus manifestations were diverse, including bilateral ageotropic nystagmus, which could be judged as otolith in ampullary and crista, and weak side of nystagmus was the affected side; bilateral geotropic nystagmus could be judged as otolith in the long arm of the lateral semicircular canal, and strong side of nystagmuss was the affected side; Ageotropic nystagmus in one side and geotropic nystagmus in another side, considering otolith in ampullary of long arm. The horizontal roll test may restore otolith to utricle and reduce the sensitivity of the diagnostic tests. The result  of 10 repetitions were consistent.  Conclusion  Sixty degree horizontal roll test effectively corrects the defects of 90 degree horizontal roll test. The analysis of diagnostic tests based on the physical engine is of great significance for us to understand the diagnostic mechanism of BPPV in the lateral semicircular canal and to improve and innovate diagnostic maneuver. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Environmental and genetic effects on soft tissue surface plane in cephalograms of female twins from six to twelve years old ZHAO Chan-yuan WANG Yang-yang WANG Mei-yan HUO Feng WANG Peng PENG Jing 2020, 51 (2):  252-257.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (855KB) ( )   Objective To study the relative effects of environment and genes on the soft tissue surface plane during the mixed dentitions, and to provide theoretical evidence to establish the correct teeth treatment plan.   Methods  The lateral cephalograms of one hundred and eighty-three female twins from six to twelve years old were studied. The environmental and genetic effects were analyzed on soft tissue profile by twin method.   Results  The influence of environmental factors was detected by measurement items of subnasale (F3), upper lip concave point(F4),upper lip sudden point (F5), upper stomion（F6）, lower stomion(F7), lower lip sudden point(F8), lower lip concave point(F9), menton of soft tissue(F10)(P<0.05). Among them，lower stomion（F7）and lower lip sudden point（F8）were more affected by environmental impact, the influence of environmental and genetic factors was detected by measurement items of subnasale（F3）,upper lip concave point(F4),and lower lip concave point(F9).  Conclusion  The lower lip is more be influenced by environmental factors, whereas the subnasale, upper lip concave point,and lower lip concave point are mainly by both the environmental and genetic factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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Application of geometric morphometrics in ancient human remains LI Hai-jun HUANG Yu-qing FANG Lu-yu CHEN Feng DAI Cheng-ping 2020, 51 (2):  306-312.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.026 Abstract ( )   PDF (7560KB) ( )   Based on the data collection and analysis of the sample landmarks, the geometric morphological method  shows great prospect in the study of human remains. The purpose of this paper is to briefly outline the application of geometric morphological method  in research of human remains and gives an outlook on the application of the method  in the study of ancient children. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Histology,Embryology and Developmental Biology

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Protective effect of fistular onion bulb extract on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury YANG Shu-hua YANG Chun-lian TIAN Yi-hao TIAN Zong-wen 2020, 51 (2):  258-264.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (5732KB) ( )   Objective  To explore the effects of fistular onion bulb extract (FOB) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and possible regulation mechanism.   Methods  The left anterior descending (LAD) artery of 36 adult rat heart was ligated for 30 minutes and subsequently released for 120 minutes to establish the I/R injury model in vivo. Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to 6 hours of hypoxia followed by 18 hours of reoxygenation to establish the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro. The rats or cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into the control group, I/R group (or H/R group) and FOB pretreatment+I/R group (or H/R group). The left ventricular (LV) function was measured using PowerLab multichannel physiological recorder; the infarct size was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chlorid(TTC) staining. The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry, Western blotting and Real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and mRNA (Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3); Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of cytochrome C(Cyt-C).   Results  In the animal experiments, compared with the control group, the left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were deteriorated (P<0.05); compared with the I/R group, the pretreatment of FOB significantly improved the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, and decreased the infarct size (P<0.05). In cultured cardiomyocytes, compared with the control group, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased (P<0.01), the protein and mRNA expression of Bcl-2 decreased, meanwhile the expression of Bax, Caspase-3 and Cyt-C increased in the H/R group (P<0.05); Compared with the H/R group, the pretreatment of FOB significantly reduced the apoptosis rate (P<0.05), increased the protein and mRNA expression of Bcl-2, at the same time, decreased the expression of Bax, Caspase-3 and Cyt-C(P<0.05).   Conclusion  Fistular onion bulb extract has the protective effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and its possible mechanism is to reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ginsenoside Rb1 improving autophagic flux against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in isolatedheart of rat LI Yang JIANG Yong-liang LU Di DONG Chuan-shu PU Yu-wei YANG Ping SUN Lin 2020, 51 (2):  265-272.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (11818KB) ( )   Objective  To explore the protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury in rats in vitro.   Methods  Totally 60 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups：sham group，I/R group，ginsenosde Rb1 pretreatment groups(at the doses of 1 μmol/L，5 μmol/L，10 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L，respectively), 10 in each group. The Langendorff perfusion system was used to establish I/R model. The Lab Chart electrophysiological system was used to monitor real-time heart function by monitoring heart rate (HR)，left ventricular development pressure (LVDP) and left ventricular development pressure (±dp/dtmax). TTC staining method  was used to measure myocardial infarct size. The Western blotting were used to assay Beclin 1，LC3，p62 and Lamp 2 expression，respectively. The immunohistochemistry were used to assay Beclin 1 expression.   Results  Ginsenoside Rbl of all the four different concent rations improved the decrease of LVDP and±dp/dtmax arising from myocardial I/R injury. Meanwhile，ginsenoside Rbl significantly decreased the area of cardial infarction.Ginsenoside Rb1 (10 μmol/L) precondition group protected the heart most significantly (P<0.05). The expression of Beclin 1 with I/R increased significantly in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes. Moreover, Beclin 1 expression decreased after addition pretreatment with ginsenoside Rb1 (10 μmol/L) (P<0.05). Compared with sham group, we found that the autophagic flux was impaired in I/R group which the expression of Beclin 1，LC3 and p62 increased significantly, as well as the expression of Lamp 2 decreased significantly. On the other hand, pretreatment with ginsenoside Rb1 (10 μmol/L) could reverse impaired autophagic flux (P<0.05).   Conclusion  Ginsenoside Rbl demonstrates pharmacological preconditioning effect and protects against myocardial I/R injury by improving damaged-autophagy flux， the dose of 10 μmol/L precondition protectes the heart most significantly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effect of luteolin on pancreas in mice with severe acute pancreatitis and its possible molecular mechanism WANG Xiao-chun QIU Zhi-sheng Lü Xiu-feng LI Jun-liang LIU Tian-xiang DA Ming-xu 2020, 51 (2):  273-277.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1714KB) ( )   Objective  To analyze the protective effect of luteolin on the pancreas of mice with severe acute pancreatitis and to explore its possible molecular mechanism.   Methods  Sixty healthy male C57/BL mice of SPF grade were divided into three groups according to the random number table method, the control group, the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) model group and the treatment group, 20 cases in each group. The model was established by the caerulein method. The levels of lipase, amylase, heme oxygenase（HO）-1, tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α, malondialdehyde（MDA）and superoxide dismutase（SOD）were measured by ELASA method . The protein and mRNA levels of nuclear factor（NF)-κB, P38 and p-P38 in each group were determined by Western blotting and Real-time PCR.   Results  Compared with the control group, the pancreas dry-wet weight ratio, lipase and amylase, inflammatory factors Ho-1, TNF-α levels, oxidative stress index MDA levels increased significantly, while SOD levels were significantly lower in the model group and the treatment group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the pancreas dry-wet weight ratio, lipase and amylase, TNF-α and MDA levels in the treated group decreased significantly, while HO-1 and SOD levels increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of NF-κB and p-P38 protein and mRNA in the model group and the treatment group increased significantly (P<0.05), and there was no significant change in P38 mRNA protein and expression level (P>0.05). Compared with the model mice, the levels of NF-κB, p-P38 protein and mRNA in the treated group decreased significantly (P<0.05).   Conclusion  Luteolin has a protective effect on SAP mice. Its possible molecular mechanism is to relieve inflammatory stress and oxidative stress, and down-regulate the expression of NF-κB and p-P38 protein. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Anthropology

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Body composition of Mongolian in Western China LI Yong-lan ZHENG Lian-bin 2020, 51 (2):  278-283.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (905KB) ( )   Objective  To explore the body composition characteristics of four ethnic groups in Western Mongolia.   Methods  Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used on the Western Mongolia four ethnic groups 18 indices of body composition. which include Qinghai Khoshut tribe(166 males, 195 females), Xinjiang Chahar tribe (217 males, 226 females), Xinjiang Torgouts tribe(112 males, 127 females), Alxa Khoshut tribe (89 males, 144 females).Using principal component analysis method  to explore the characteristics of the Mongolian body composition in the west of China.   Results  The body composition data of four ethnic groups were obtained. The gender difference of most indicators was statistically significant. The fat rate of female trunk and limbs was higher, while the muscle mass of male was larger. Principal component analysis showed that compared with the southern ethnic group, the northern ethnic group had larger bone mass, more developed muscles and higher level of fat development. On the principal component scatter plot, the distance between the mongols in Western China and other ethnic groups was relatively far, indicating that the body composition of the mongols in Western China had unique characteristics.   Conclusion  Among the Chinese ethnic groups, the Western Mongolians have large bone mass, well developed muscles and high body fat.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution characteristics of polymorphism of miRNA-107 gene in Guangxi population and their association with serum lipid levels HUANG Yan-yun HUANG Hua-tuo LU Yu-lan LEI Ming TAN Tan WEI Ye-sheng 2020, 51 (2):  284-288.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1473KB) ( )   Objective  To study the distribution characteristics of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of miR-107 gene rs2296616 C/T in Guangxi healthy population and comparison with that in different ethnic populations, and further to explore the correlation between rs2296616 C/T SNP and blood lipid level.   Methods  The polymorphisms of miR-107 gene rs2296616C/T among 372 Chinese healthy individuals of Guangxi were detected by multiplex SNaPshot and DNA sequencing method , and the blood lipidrelated indexes were detected by 7600 biochemical analyzer. The distribution of rs2296616 C/T polymorphism among different ethnic groups and the differences of blood lipid levels among different genotypes were compared by statistical method .   Results  MiR-107 gene rs2296616 C/T SNP contained TT（9.1%）, CT（8.9%）genotypes and T（95.6%）, C（4.4%）alleles in Guangxi healthy population. The frequencies of genotype and allele distribution of rs2296616 C/T were not significantly different among genders in Guangxi population（P>0.05）. However, there were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequency of miR-107 gene rs2296616 C/T in Guangxi healthy population compared with those of Europeans, Japanese, Africans, Mexicans and Indians published in HapMap(P<0.05), no significant difference compared with HapMap-HGB(P>0.05). When compared the blood lipid level among two genotypes in rs2296616 C/T, we found that the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) with TT genotype was significantly different from that of CT group(P<0.05).   Conclusion  There are different degrees of variation in the polymorphisms of rs2296616 C/T of miR-107 gene between Guangxi people and other ethnic populations. The polymorphism of rs2296616 C/T locus is related to the level of HDL-C. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Basal metabolic rate, body fat distribution and its correlation among Xibo adults in Xinjiang XU Guo-chang HOU Yan-li HU Neng-neng LIU Rong-zhi WEN You-feng 2020, 51 (2):  289-293.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (779KB) ( )   Objective  To understand the distribution characteristics of body fat content and basal metabolic rate among Xibo adults in Xinjiang and to explore the correlation between them.   Methods  The people aged between 35 and 70 were randomly selected to be the research object, and a total of 536 people (263 males and 273 females) were selected for the study. Subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, weight, stature, defat weight, body fat rate and basal metabolic rate were measured using the body composition analyzer. The correlation between body fat content and basal metabolic rate was studied by regression analysis, and regression equation coefficient was calculated.   Results  There were statistically significant in total fat, defate body weight and body fat percentage (P<0.05) of different aged Xibo adults in Xinjiang, except for male visceral fat and female subcutaneous fat. There were statistically significant subcutaneous fat, total fat and body fat percentage(P<0.05) between the sexes, except for visceral fat. The visceral fat content among Xibo adults in Xinjiang was negatively correlated with basal metabolic rate (P<0.05).   Conclusion  Body lipid distribution is differences in different aged and gender among Xibo adults in Xinjiang. There is a negative correlation between visceral fat and basal metabolic rate.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms and pregnancy-induced hypertension in Qinghai WANG Ru ZHUANG Wen-ting WANG Xiang-lin LI Hong-rong LI Chang-xing KONG De-xia LI Jian-hua 2020, 51 (2):  294-299.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.024 Abstract ( )   PDF (1311KB) ( )   Objective  To investigate the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene expression, gene polymorphism and pregnancy-induced hypertension in Qinghai.   Methods  A total of 210 pregnant hypertensive patients (HDCP group) and 220 normal pregnant women (CK group) were enrolled. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect AGT M235T and ACE I/D gene polymorphism.   Results  The proportions of ACE gene DD, ID, and Ⅱ in CK group were 28.15%, 47.73%, and 24.09%, respectively. The HDCP group was 33.81%, 51.90%, and 14.29%, respectively (P<0.05). The frequency distribution of ACE I/D polymorphic alleles I and D was different between HDCP group and CK group(P<0.05). D allele frequency was higher in HDCP group than in CK group (χ2=5.188, P<0.05). ACE genotype distribution was accorded with Hardy-Weinberg genetic balance(χ2=0.423, df=2, check table χ2 boundary value table, P>0.05, reach genetic balance). The proportions of MM, MT and TT in CK group was 24.09%, 43.64% and 32.27%, respectively. The HDCP group was 15.71%, 42.86%, and 41.43% respectively (P<0.05). HDCP group and CK group AGT M235T polymorphic alleles M and T frequency distribution were different (P<0.05). HDCP group T allele frequency was higher than the CK group(χ2=6.796, P<0.05). AGT gene were genotype distribution accorded with Hardy-Weinberg genetic balance (χ2=3.242, df=2, check table χ2 boundary value table, P>0.05, reaching genetic balance).  Conclusion  The ACE I/D polymorphism and AGT M235T polymorphism are associated with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in Han nationality in Qinghai Province. D allele and T allele may be susceptible genes of pregnancy-induced hypertension. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Body fat parameters of adult population in Guangxi with the change trend of age HUANG Bin-bin WANG Ze-feng CHEN Run HUANG Xiao-ting ZHOU He TANG Cheng ZHANG Wen-hai HUANG Li-qian LIU Peng 2020, 51 (2):  300-305.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.025 Abstract ( )   PDF (2646KB) ( )   Objective  To measure the body fat parameters of adult population in Guangxi, and to explore the characteristics of distribution of fat content with age and gender.   Methods  A total of 1558 male residents and 2132 female residents were selected by random sampling method . The subjects were divided into 8 groups every 10 years, and the fat parameters were measured and recorded by body composition analyzer. The statistical software SPSS 22.0 analysed data.   Results  The total of fat mass and fat content of all parts as well as the subcutaneous and limb fat content of all age groups in Guangxi females were higher than that of the male. The fat content of each part of the male increased first and then decreased with age. It was at the age of 30 that the fat parameters of the male peaked with the highest rates of overweight and obesity. Males had more visceral fat and trunk fat than women at 30-40 years old, and showed predominantly centripetal obesity.Total fat content and fat content of all age groups of female showed a rapid rise at the age of 20-50, and reached a peak at 40 years old. After 50 years old, they slowly decreased and gradually stabilized. The main manifestations of young women were subcutaneous and limb fat increase, which was mainly characterized by centripetal obesity after 40-50 years old, when the rates of overweight and obesity were the highest.  Conclusion  The body fat content of male and female people in Guangxi increases first and then decreases with age. Twenty-thirty years old of Males and 20-50 years old of female are the key time points for the change of body fat content. In addition of the visceral and trunk fat content, the fat content of different age groups and different parts of female is higher in Guangxi than that of males. The visceral and trunk fat content of Guangxi young adults male is higher than that of females. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Neurobiology

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Upregulation of provirus integration site 1 moloney murine leukemia virus expression by ciliary neurotrophic factor and neuritin can promote the neurite regeneration of neuron-like cells LI He LIU Fang XU Jia-jun 2020, 51 (2):  153-161.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (6871KB) ( )   Objective  To investigate the expression changes of provirus integration site 1 for moloney murine  leukemia virus（Pim-1） gene in damaged neurons  in vitro and related molecular basis of neurotrophic factors regulating Pim-1 expression and promoting the neurite regeneration of damaged neurons. Methods Neuro-2a（N-2a）cells were induced into neuron-like N-2a（N-2a-N）cells by retinoic acid，the proliferation of N-2a cells was inhibited by deferoxamine mesylate(DFO), and N-2a-N cells were injured by acrylamide. The N-2a-N cells were divided into normal control group, injury group, ciliary neurotrophic factors (CNTF) group and neuritin (Nrn1) group，with four samples in each group. The phenotype of N-2a cells and the expression of Pim-1 protein in N-2a cells were detected by immunofluorescence cytochemistry, and the expression of Pim-1 in each group was detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting. Western blotting was used to detect the expression changes of relevant molecules involving in regulating activity of Pim-1, cells survival, apoptosis and axonal regeneration.  Results Cell immunofluorescence showed that N-2a-N cells had neuronal phenotype to express β-Ⅲ tubulin and neurofilament-200, and Pim-1 protein was expressed in N-2a-N cells. N-2a cell proliferation was effectively inhibited by 50 μmol/L DFO, and N-2a-N cell damage model was established by 1 mmol/L acrylamide. Pim-1 gene expression showed a tendency of first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing after N-2a-N cells were injured. Compared with the injury group, the proportion of the longest neurite in CNTF group and Nrn1 group increased significantly, the expressions of intracellular signal transducers extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(STAT3), phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), and Pim-1 were up-regulated, the expressions of apoptosis-related molecules cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax were down-regulated, the expression of nti-apoptosis-related molecule Bcl-2 was up-regulated, so the growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) protein involved neurite regeneration. Conclusion There is a need to repair damaged N-2a-N cells by overexpressing the Pim-1 gene. CNTF and Nrn1 can activate the ERK1/2 and STAT3 signaling pathways of damaged N-2a-N cells, and then up-regulate the expression of Pim-1 and GAP-43，and then promote cell neurite regeneration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of cyclic intermittent hypoxia on the expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 in rat adrenal gland FAN Ya-nan LI Chao-hong JIA Xiang-lei LIU Yu-zhen 2020, 51 (2):  162-166.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (8312KB) ( )   Objective  To observe the expression and localization of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) in rat adrenal gland and to detect the effect of cyclic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on the expression of BACE1.  Methods  The expression and localization of BACE1 in rat adrenal gland were detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group and CIH group, 8 rats in each group. The protein levels of BACE1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in rat adrenal medulla were detected by Western blotting after CIH 2 weeks treatment.   Results  BACE1 was mainly localized in rat adrenal medullary nerve fibers. Compared with the control group, BACE1 protein level decreased and TH protein level increased in the adrenal medulla in the CIH group.   Conclusion BACE1 is located in rat adrenal medullary nerve fibers. The decreased level of BACE1 may participate in slowing down the excessive enhancement of sympathetic activity induced by CIH. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 antagonist AMG517 playing a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by regulating the release of inflammatory factors PENG Zhi-feng LIU Ying NIU Chun-hong 2020, 51 (2):  167-171.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1605KB) ( )   Objective  To investigate the effects of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1(TRPV1) antagonist AMG517 on cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury in mice.  Methods  Forty male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to the following groups: sham group, vehicle+ischemia/reperfusion group (vehicle), capsaicin+ischemia/reperfusion group(capsaicin), and AMG517+ischemia/reperfusion group(AMG517). Ischemic/reperfusion injury was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) and neurological deficits were evaluated 72 hours after MCAO. Then, infarct volume, brain edema, mRNA expression of TRPV1 and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured.  Results Compared with the vehicle group, AMG517 significantly decreased the infarct volume (P<0.01). Neurobehavioral score significantly decreased following administration of AMG517 (P<0.01) 72 hours after MCAO. Compared with the sham group, the mRNA expression of TRPV1 significantly increased in vehicle group (P<0.01). AMG517 significantly increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and decreased the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α (P<0.05).   Conclusion AMG517 can improve ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice and may play a neuroprotective effect by alleviating inflammation.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Environmental enrichment ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment by  inhibiting NOD-like recepter protein 3 in fla mmasome activation in mice NIU Lei LUO Shi-shi Li Wei Luo Dan LIU Zhi-wen CAO Wen-yu XU Yang LIU Zheng-hai 2020, 51 (2):  172-177.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (5490KB) ( )   Objective  To investigate the effect of environmental enrichment (EE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cognitive dysfunction in mice.  Methods A total of thirty six 3 weeks old Kunming mice experienced 8 weeks of EE or standard environment (SE) feeding. After 8 weeks, they were divided into three groups: standard environment+normal saline (SE+NS) group, standard environment+lipopolysaccharide (SE+LPS) group, environmental enrichment+lipopolysaccharide (EE+LPS) group. The open field test was used to measure the locomotive of mice, and the cognitive function was determined by novelty object recognition test. The expression of microglial marker ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBA-1) in hippocampus was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The expression of microglial activation marker CD68 and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome related protein in the hippocampus was detected by Western blotting.  Results  In the open field test, there was no difference in the activity among the three groups. Compared with the SE＋NS group, SE＋LPS group showed decreased discrimination ratio in novelty object recognition task, with remarkably up-regulated expression of CD68 in the hippocampus (P<0.01). In addition, SE＋LPS group exhibited significantly enhanced expression of NLRP3, apoptosis associated speck-like protein (ASC), Caspase-1 and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in the hippocampus compared with SE＋NS group (P<0.05). Compared with the SE＋LPS group, EE＋LPS group showed enhanced discrimination ratio in the object recognition task, with down-regulated expression of CD68, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in the hippocampus (P<0.01).   Conclusion  Environmental enrichment can alleviate LPS induced cognitive dysfunction, which might be attributed to the inhibiting of microglia and NLRP3 activation in the hippocampus. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of telomere shortening and p53-p21- related pathway protein in learning and memory impairment induced by benzo［a］pyrene in mice #br# #br# ZHANG Jin-yan WEI Jian-hong 2020, 51 (2):  178-183.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (1616KB) ( )   Objective  To observe the changes of telomere length and p53 and p21 protein expression levels in mice exposed to different time and doses, and to explore the role of related pathways protein in benzo［a］pyrene in learning and memory impairment.  Methods  Ninety healthy male C57 mice, 30 in each batch, were exposed for 1 month, 2 months and 3 months respectively. Each batch was set with blank control group, solvent control group, 1.00 mg/kg, 2.50 mg/kg and 6.25 mg/kg benzo［a］pyrene-treated groups, 6 in each group, inoculated intraperitoneally every other day. Learning and memory ability was detected by Morris water maze test, ELISA was used to detect the content of benzo［a］ pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide-DNA（BPDE-DNA）adduct in mice plasma. There was no significant difference in the relative telomere length of the mice at 1 mouth of each group. The length in mice after treated for 2 and 3 months were significantly shorter than that of the non-infected group (P<0.05). And the plasma BPDE-DNA adduct content in each exposed group was negatively correlated with the relative telomere length. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of p53-p21 related pathway protein and neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation related proteins Nestin and βⅢ-tubulin in mouse hippocampus. Relative telomere length was detected by Real-time PCR.  Results The escape latency of mice in each exposed group was significantly prolonged, and the times of crossing platforms was significantly reduced. BPDE-DNA adduct was not detected in the non-dose group and in the exposed group showed an upward trend (P<0.05). Compared with the non-dose group, the expression levels of p53 and p21 in the exposed group increase with the dose of the drug (P<0.05). When the dose was 1.0 mg/kg, the expression level of Nestin did not significantly increase. The expression level of Nestin increased in the remaining exposure groups (P<0.05), and the expression level of Nestin was lower than that in the 1.0 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg groups at the dose of 6.25 mg/kg for 3 months (P<0.05). At 1 month, there was no significant difference in the expression of βⅢ-tubulin between the exposed and non-infected groups. At 2 and 3 months, the expression of βⅢ-tubulin in the exposed group decreased (P<0.05).   Conclusion  Intraperitoneal injection of benzo［a］pyrene can induce DNA damage and telomere shortening due to BPDE-DNA adduct formation, which leads to activation of p53-p21 signaling pathway. Telomere shortening and p53-p21 signaling pathway activation-mediated DNA damage response may be important mechanisms for inhibiting proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal neurons. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effect of Rutin on myelin toxicity in the corpus callosum of rats induced by acrylamide JIA Hui ZHANG Chun-mei GU Zi-ting LI Shi-qi LUO Li MA Yu-xin LIU Jing 2020, 51 (2):  184-188.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (7585KB) ( )   Objective  To study the effect of rutin（Rut）on the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin protein lipoprotein (PLP) in corpus callosum of rats infected with acrylamide(ACR).   Methods  Thirty-two SD adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups：control，20 mg/kg acrylamide poisoning group (ACR), 100 mg/kg Rut protection group (R1+ACR), 200 mg/kg Rut protection group (R2+ACR)，8 in each group，and were given gastric gavage for 21 days. The changes of the rats’ gait were recorded weekly; Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the changes in the expression levels of MBP and PLP in each group of rats.  Results  The gait score results showed that the gait score of the ACR group  increased with the extension of exposure time compared with the control group. The gait score of the R1+ACR group and R2+ACR group also showed an increase trend compared with the control group, but the gait score was significantly lower than that of the ACR group (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting results  showed that the expression of MBP and PLP in the corpus callosum of the ACR group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.01), while the expression of MBP and PLP in the R1+ACR group and R2+ACR group increased (P<0.05).   Conclusion  Rutin has a protective effect on myelin sheath in rats infected with acrylamide, which may be related to the inhibition of MBP and PLP in corpus callosum induced by ACR infection. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cell and Molecules Biology

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Antagonism of resveratrol on oxidative stress injury of follicular granulosa cells XING Peng ZHANG Na ZHAO Jing-yun ZHANG Yi Lü Cui-ting XU Bi-sha 2020, 51 (2):  189-194.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (4755KB) ( )   Objctive  To investigate the protective effect of resveratrol on oxidative stress damage of follicular granulosa cells induced by hydrogen peroxide.   Methods  Granulosa cells were collected from the follicular fluid of in vitro fertilization(IVF) patients after oocyte retrieval and cultured. The cultured granulosa cells were divided into four groups: control group, injury model group, 10 μmol/L resveratrol group and 50 μmol/L resveratrol group. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay, malondialdehyde(MDA) content by thiobarbituric(TBA) assay, superoxide dismutase(SOD) level by water soluble tetrazdium-1(WST-1) assay, apoptosis by AnnexinV-FITC/PI double-staining flow cytometry, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 protein expression by Western blotting, and progesterone secretion by competitive ELISA.  Resutls  Compared with the control group, the cell viability, SOD level, Bcl-2 protein expression and progesterone secretion were significantly decreased in the injury model group, while MDA content, apoptosis rate and Caspase-3 apoptotic protein expression were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the injury model group, the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group showed no statistically significant differences in various parameters; however, the cell viability, SOD level, progesterone secretion, and Bcl-2 and silent information regulator factor 2 related enzyme 1(SIRT1) protein expression were significantly increased, and the MDA content, apoptosis rate, and Caspase-3 apoptotic protein expression were significantly decreased in the 50 μmol/L resveratrol group (P<0.05).   Conclusion  50 μmol/L resveratrol can increase the activity of SIRT1, enhance the anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis ability of granulosa cells and improve the function of granulosa cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cancer Biology

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Synthesis of five types of nucleobase-alanines and their mechanisms of  inhibiting proliferation of rat hepatoma cells RH35 XU Cun-shuan SONG Ya-ping XU Kai YANG Hui DING Yi BI Jing-jing ZHAO Qian-yi XU Ting 2020, 51 (2):  195-205.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (3531KB) ( )   Objective  Five types of nucleobase-alanines were synthesized to study their cytotoxicity and mechanism.  Methods  Five types of nucleobase-alanines were synthesized by the method  of nucleophilic ring-opening of serine-lactone. MTT assay was used to detect their effects on the viability of rat normal hepatocytes BRL-3A and rat hepatoma cells RH35. Flow cytometry was used to detect their effects of cell cycle and apoptosis on BLR-3A and RH35. Real-time PCR was performed to detect their effects of proliferation/apoptosis-related gene expression on these two cells.   Results  Five types of nucleobase-alanines were synthesized, including 1-uracil-L-alanine, 1-thymine-L-alanine, 1-cytosine-L-alanine, 9-adenine-L-alanine and 9-guanine-L-alanine. Among them, 1-cytosine-L-alanine and 9-guanine-L-alanine had significant lower half inhibition concentration(IC50) values for RH35 than for BRL-3A, and their effects of promoting RH35 apoptosis were significantly stronger than that of BRL-3A, the amplitude of their promoting RH35 up-regulation apoptosis-related genes CASP3, CASP9 and Bax, the down-regulation of cell proliferation-related genes CCNA2 and PCAN, as well as the down-regulation of anti-apoptosis-related gene Bcl-2 were significantly higher than those of BRL-3A. Conclusion 1-cytosine-L-alanine and 9-guanine-L-alanine showed significant effects of inhibiting the viability and promoting apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of proliferation-related genes and down-regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes more potently. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-10 in lung cancer#br# CAI Cui-xia GAO Yuan LIU Yue WANG Han-duo 2020, 51 (2):  206-210.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (8986KB) ( )   Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of the polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-10(ppGalNAc-T10) protein in lung and breast and colon cancer.  Methods  Immunohistochemistry was used to analyse ppGalNAc-T10 expressions in 110 lung cancer tissues, 100 breast cancer tissues and 110 colon cancer tissues. Meanwhile, different cancer has 10 cases of normal tissues as control.   Results  The expression of ppGalNAc-T10 in normal lung tissue was higher compared with that in lung cancer organizations, and ppGalNAc-T10 positive expression was found to be significantly associated with invasion depth of tumor (P<0.01). PpGalNAc-T10 protein expression in breast and colon cancer was no significantly difference than that in non-tumor breast and colon tissue.   Conclusion  PpGalNAc-T10 expression is a useful marker in lung cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of orthotopic transplantation model of  human choriocarcinoma in nude mice#br# FAN Wen-jing LIU Lei FENG Pin XU Qian LU Yan-jie ZUO Yan-zhen LI Yu-hong 2020, 51 (2):  211-215.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (7120KB) ( )   Objective Establishment of orthotopic transplantation tumor model of human choriocarcinoma in nude mice.   Methods Human choriocarcinoma cell line JAR was cultured and the single cell suspension was subcutaneously injected into five 8-week-old BALB/c nude mice to establish subcutaneous xenograft model. After subcutaneous tumor was formed in nude mice, the tumor tissue was taken under aseptic conditions and cut into 1 mm3 tissue blocks, and then implanted into the uterine cavity of ten 10-week-old BALB/c nude mice by surgery. The nude mice were anesthetized and killed by anesthesia, and the uterine tumor formation and abdominal metastasis were observed. Anatomical uterine orthotopic transplantation tumors, intra-abdominal metastases, abdominal lymph nodes and other organ tissues were dissected and identified by histopathological examination.   Results A total of 7 nude mice in 10 BALB/c nude mice showed a tumor mass formation in the uterus, and 2 of them could simultaneously observe uterine xenografts and peritoneal metastasis. The pathological morphology and structure of the tumor cells in the subcutaneous xenograft model, orthotopic transplantation model and peritoneal metastasis were consistent with the human choriocarcinoma cancer cell line JAR.   Conclusion  The BALB/c nude mice orthotopic transplantation model of human choriocarcinoma JAR cells was successfully established. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tumorigenic effect of interleukin-6 on mice with pancreatic carcinoma via regulating the Caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway#br# MA Yong-chao DU Xiao-juan LI Hai-long CUI Feng-xia 2020, 51 (2):  216-219.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1282KB) ( )   Objective  To explore the tumorigenic effect of interleukin(IL)-6 on mice with pancreatic carcinoma and the Caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway related mechanism.   Methods  Forty mice were used to establish tumor-bearing animal model of pancreatic cancer with mouse pancreatic cancer cell line MPC-83. The tumor-bearing mice were divided into blank control group (A), intraperitoneal injection PBS 10 ml/kg; IL-6 group (B), intraperitoneal injection recombinant mouse IL-6 200 μg/kg; IL-6 receptor blocker group (C), intraperitoneal injection tocilizumab 100 mg/kg; and IL-6+IL-6 receptor blocker group (D), intraperitoneal injection tocilizumab 100 mg/kg, 30 minutes later, intraperitoneal injection recombinant mouse IL-6 200 μg/kg, 10 mice in each group. The mice in each group were administrated corresponding drug once every 3 days for 28 days. The tumor volume was to observe and record at day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after the experiment began. The mice were sacrificed by cervical vertebra dislocation after the last measurement of tumor volume. ELISA method  was used to test the contents of survivin and cytochrome C(Cyt-C) in transplanted tumor tissue of mice. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting method  were used to detect the expression levels of Caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in transplanted tumor tissue of mice.   Results  Compared with the A group, the transplanted tumor tissue of mice in group B grew rapidly on day 7, 14, 21 and 28, the content of survivin was increased, the content of Cyt-C was decreased, the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Bax mRNA and protein was down-regulated, and the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein was up-regulated (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the B group, the transplanted tumor tissue of mice in group C and D grew slowly on day 14, 21 and 28, the content of survivin was decreased, the content of Cyt-C was increased, the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Bax mRNA and protein was up-regulated, and the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein was down-regulated (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between group C and group D (P>0.05).   Conclusion  The role of IL-6 in promoting the growth and proliferation of pancreatic cancer may be related to the regulation of Caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2 cell apoptosis signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory effect of recombinant human semaphorin 3A on angiogenesis of gastric cancer and the associated mechanisms#br# FENG Pin FAN Wen-jing LIU Lei XU Qian LI Yu-hong ZUO Yan-zhen ZHOU Bo ZHAO Xiang-yang 2020, 51 (2):  220-227.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (9813KB) ( )   Objective  To investigate the expression of semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) and its receptor neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) in gastric cancer and its correlation with microvessel density (MVD)，and then to explore the effect of recombinant human Sema3A on angiogenesis of gastric cancer and the associated mechanisms.   Methods  Forty cases of gastric cancer tissues and its corresponding adjacent normal tissues were used to detecte the expression of Sema3A, NRP-1 and MVD in tissues by immunohistochemistry method . The expression level of Sema3A in serum of gastric cancer patient group and normal control group were measured by Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Sema3A and NRP-1 in five gastric cancer cell lines (MGC-803,HGC-27,MKN-28,SGC-7901,MKN-45) and human gastric mucosal epithelial cell (GES-1). Transwell chamber was used to construct non-contact in vitro co-culture system, in which the effects of different concentrations of recombinant human Sema3A on angiogenesis in gastric cancer were analyzed by tube formation assay preliminarily. The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and NRP-1 in co-culture system were detected by Western blotting.   Results  The expression  levels of Sema3A in gastric cancer tissues, cell lines and patient serum were significantly lower than that in the control group（P<0.05）, while the expression of NRP-1 in gastric cancer tissues and MKN-28 cells was significantly increased, and both of them were associated with TNM staging of gastric cancer（P<0.05）. In vitro co-culture system, The tube forming abilities of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) were decreased in recombinant human Sema3A treated group, and this phenomenon was concentration dependent. The expression of VEGFR2 protein was down-regulated by recombinant human Sema3A.   Conclusion  The expression of Sema3A was decreased in gastric cancer tissues, cell lines and patient serum, and negatively correlated with microvessel density. The recombinant human Sema3A could inhibit the angiogenesis of gastric cancer in vitro, which may be related to down-regulation of VEGFR2 protein expression. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Trichostatin A promotes the migration of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells by protein kinase C signaling pathway#br# LIU Dan-hui LIU Yu-zhen CHEN Yan-min CHEN Zhi ZHAO Bao-sheng 2020, 51 (2):  228-232.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (6272KB) ( )   Objective  To investigate the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on the migration of human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells(ESCC) and the possible mechanism.   Methods  KYSE-150 cells and EC9706 cells were cultured and Transwell assay was performed to detect the role of TSA alone and combined with protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor AEB071 on cell migration; the images of morphology after cells treatment with TSA or combination of AEB071 with TSA; Western blotting was conducted to examine the protein level of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related signaling molecules.   Results  TSA promoted the migration of ESCC cells significantly, and PKC inhibitor AEB071 partly inhibited the effect of TSA-promoted ESCC cells migration. Treatment with TSA resulted in the cell morphology transitioned from epithelia oval-like to mesenchymal spindle-like, indicating the EMT. AEB071 partially rescued ESCC cells morphological changes which TSA induced. Western blotting showed that TSA reduced the expression of E-cadherin and augmented the expression of vimentin, β-catenin, Slug and acH3, whereas AEB071 obviously blocked the EMT-related protein level changes which induced by TSA.   Conclusion  TSA promotes ESCC cells migration via inducing EMT process and the mechanism may be mediated by PKC signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of picropodophyllin on proliferation and cell cycle of human colorectal cancer HCT-15 cells and its mechanism#br# ZHOU Li-li WANG Rui-ting ZHAO Yang XUE Jing LIU Sai-xuan SHEN Xing-bin 2020, 51 (2):  233-238.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.02.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (3352KB) ( )   Objective  To investigate the effect of picropodophyllin(PPP) on proliferation and cell cycle of human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-15 and to clarify the related mechanism.   Methods  Different concentrations of PPP were used to treat HCT-15 cells, the proliferative activity of HCT-15 cells was detected by cell courting kit-8(CCK-8). Morphological changes of HCT-15 cells were observed under inverted microscope. Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of HCT-15 cell cycle and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cell cyclinD1.   Results  The result  of CCK-8 assay showed that PPP inhibited the proliferation of HCT-15 cells in a dose-time-dependent manner. Under the inverted microscope, it was found that the HCT-15 cells lost their original shape and became round, the refractive index decreased, and the number of living cells decreased significantly. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of G2/M cells increased significantly, and the proportion of G0/G1 phase and S phase cells decreased significantly. Western Blot result  showed that the expression of PCNA, cyclinD1 protein was significantly decreased.   Conclusion  PPP significantly inhibited the proliferation of human colorectal cancer HCT-15 cells, suggesting that the mechanism might be to block the cells in G2/M phase by down-regulating the expression of PCNA, cyclinD1 protein. References | Related Articles | Metrics