满-通古斯语族人群头面部特征比较

doi:10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.02.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨满-通古斯语族人群头面部特征及其亲缘关系。方法随机抽取居住在辽宁、黑龙江、内蒙古自治区的1014例（男542、女472）满-通古斯语族（包括满族、锡伯族、赫哲族、鄂温克族、鄂伦春族）健康成人为研究对象，按照《人体测量方法》，对头长、头宽等17项头面部指标进行调查对比。所得数据录入SPSS 20.0统计学软件包，进行方差分析、卡方检验及聚类分析等统计学处理。结果赫哲族的头面部指标与满族和鄂伦春族有差异的项目较少（男性分别为6项和5项，女性分别为2项和6项），而与锡伯族有差异的项目较多（男性15项，女性11项）。赫哲族体质特征具有介于南北通古斯人之间的特点，以特圆头型、中面型和狭面型、狭鼻型、额部较宽为特点；满族、锡伯族均以头圆型、超狭面型、狭鼻型（男）及中鼻型（女）、额部窄为特点；鄂温克以特圆头型、中面型（男）及狭面型（女）、中鼻型、额部较宽为特征；鄂伦春族以中头型（男）及圆头型（女）、超狭面型、狭鼻型、额部较窄为特点。聚类分析结果表明，满族、鄂温克族、赫哲族、鄂伦春族等16个族群聚为一类，锡伯族、裕固族、朝鲜族分别聚为一类。结论满族、赫哲族、鄂伦春族、鄂温克人群彼此之间亲缘关系较近、而锡伯族与满通古斯语族其他人群亲缘关系较远。

关键词: 满-通古斯语族, 头面部特征, 对比, 亲缘关系, 体质人类学, 成人

Abstract:

Objective To investigate both the head and face characteristics and the kinships of Manchu-Tungusic people. Methods According to the method of anthropometry, 17 head and face index were investigated in 1014 Manchu-Tungusic healthy adults (including Manchu, Ewenki, Hezhen, Oroqen and Xibe) living in Liaoning province, Heilongjiang province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The data were input into SPSS 20.0 software package for statistics processing including of variance analysis, chi-square test and cluster analysis, etc. Results The head and facial index of hezhen adults has little difference from manchu and Oroqen（6 and 5 index in Men respectively, 2 and 6 index in female respectively），while it has many differences from xibe (15 index in men, 11 index in female）. The physical characteristics of Hezhen between North and South Tungus is characterized by hyperbrachycephaly,mesoprosopy,leptoprosopy，leptorrhiny and frontal breadth. Manchu as well as Xibe are characterized by brachycephaly, hyperleptoprosopy, leptorrhiny(male), mesorrhin(female),and a little frontal breadth. Ewenki is featured by hyperbrachycephaly, mesoprosopy(male),leptoprosopy(female),and frontal breadth. Oroqen is impressed by mesocephaly(male), brachycephaly(female), hyperleptoprosopy, leptorrhiny, and a little frontal breadth. The result of cluster analysis show that 16 nationalities such as Manchu, Ewenki, Hezhen and Oroqen gather into one category, and Xibe, Yugu and Korean belong to others. Conclusion The Manchu, Hezhen, Oroqen, and Ewenki people are closely related to each other, while the Xibe people are more distantly related to other Manchu-Tungusic people.

Key words: Manchu-Tungusic people, Head and facial characteristics, Comparison, Kinship, Physical anthropology, Adult

刘小元温有锋叶丽平鞠越高延龙韩燕陈莉. 满-通古斯语族人群头面部特征比较[J]. 解剖学报, 2018, 49(2): 251-257.

LIU Xiao-yuan WEN You-feng YE Li-ping JU Yue GAO Yan-long HAN Yan CHEN Li. Comparison of head facial characteristics between the Manchu-Tungusic group[J]. Acta Anatomica Sinica, 2018, 49(2): 251-257.

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