›› 2009, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 844-849.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2009.05.032

• 综述 • 上一篇    

细胞自噬的形态学特征和功能意义

王海杰* ;谭玉珍   

  1. 复旦大学上海医学院人体解剖学与组织学胚胎学系,上海 200032
  • 收稿日期:2008-08-11 修回日期:2008-10-15 出版日期:2009-10-06
  • 通讯作者: 王海杰

Morphological features and functional implications of autophagy

  1. Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
  • Received:2008-08-11 Revised:2008-10-15 Online:2009-10-06
  • Contact: WANG Hai-jie

关键词: 自噬, 巨自噬, 微自噬, 分子伴侣介导的自噬, 溶酶体

Abstract: Objective Autophagy is a process by which cells phogocytize intracellular cytoplasm or organelles when cells are stimulated and cargoes are eventually degraded in lysosomes. According to the ways in which cargoes are transported into lysosomes, types of autophagy are divided into macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. In macroautophagy, the autophagosome precursor wraps cytoplasm or organelles to form an autophagosome. Then the autophagosome fuses with the lysosome forming the autophagolysosome. The cargoes are degraded in lysosome. In microautophagy, the lysosome engulfs cytoplasm, organelles or nucleus directly through invagination of the lysosomal membrane and formation of the autophagosome. Finally, the contents of the autophagosome are digested by lysosomal enzymes. In chaperonemediated autophagy, cytosolic proteins are translocated into the lysosome by lysosomal membrane receptor. Autophgy is evolutionarily conserved from yeasts to mammalian cells and plays important roles in tolerating starvation and ischemia, cleaning the senescent organelles, eliminating bacteria and foreign matters, maintaining cellular activities and extending longevity. Autophagic activities are regulated by autophagic genes. Deletion or dysfunction of autophagic genes may result in some diseases. Elucidating the processes of autophagy, autophagic structures and their functions is helpful for exploring mechanisms of roles of autophagy in physiological and pathological processes. This review focuses on morphological characteristics of the autophagic structures and functional implications of these structures.

Key words: Autophagy, Macroautophagy, Microautophagy, Chaperonemediated autophagy, Lysosome

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