Objective  To provide method  for clinical teaching and research, for young doctors to quickly shorten the surgical learning time，a three-dimensional model of the kidney was reconstructed to simulate the effect of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in virtual and conventional surgery.    Methods  A total of 30 patients with kidney stones treated in Liangxiang Hospital in Fangshan District of Beijing from December 2017 to February 2019 were randomly selected as the experimental group, while the control group was 30 normal subjects who underwent physical examination in same hospital during the same period. After collecting CT scan data of the two groups of patients, Mimics 16.0 was used. The software was used for image segmentation and fusion to reconstruct the threedimensional model of the kidney. Observation indexes such as calix puncture, puncture point, puncture depth and channel selection were recorded in the virtual simulation operation. Total hospital stay, average operation time, average amount of blood loss, average postoperative hospital stay and incidence of postoperative complications were recorded.    Results  Virtual surgery simulation and the actual operation of the puncture point conformity degree was 100%.There was no significant difference of the average length of hospital stay between the two groups (P>0.05). The average blood loss, the average length of hospital stay and  postoperative complications between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The virtual simulation surgery average blood loss reduced, the average postoperative hospital stay shortened, and the incidence of symptoms decreased.    Conclusion  Virtual simulation surgery can realize individualized preoperative evaluation and surgical design of kidney stone patients, and provide accurate diagnosis and treatment basis for clinicians.