Table of Content

2015, Volume 46 Issue 3
06 June 2015 Previous Issue    Next Issue

---

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Effects of prenatal nitrite exposure on hippocampus of mouse pups HU Sang CUI Zhan-jun GUO Jun-nan LIANG Shuang YAN Ming-chao DENG Jin-bo* DENG Jie-xin* 2015, (3):  289-196.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.001 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effects on hippocampus after prenatal nitrite exposure. Methods C57BL/6J mice were used to establish the models of prenatal nitrite exposure with control group (physiological saline), low dose nitrite exposure group (60 mg/kg) and high dose nitrite exposure group (120mg/kg). The pups of different groups at P0, P7, P14 and P30 were gathered for immunofluorescence, comet assay and Western blotting analysis to detect the hippocampal injury. Results In both nitrite exposure group and control group, the number of proliferative neuron in dentate gyrus gradually decreased with the growing age. At postnatal day 0 (P0), P7, P14 and P30, after prenatal nitrite exposure, 5-bromo-2-deoxy Uridine (BrdU) positive cells decreased with dose dependency (P<0.05, n=96). In order to identify if the inhibtion was selective, we observed BrdU positive cells in subventricular zone (SVZ) at P0 mouse. After nitrite exposure, BrdU positive cells in SVZ also decreased with dose dependency (P<0.05). The inflammatory injury and apoptosis cells in hilus increased with dose dependency after nitrite exposure (P<0.05). The tail of hippocampus cells in nitrite exposure groups was longer than that in control groups with dose dependency (P<0.01). The expressions of Caspase-8 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) protein in nitrite exposure groups in hippocampus were much higher than that in control groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Prenatal nitrite exposure can induce various hippocampus injuries, such as neuroproliferative inhibition, oxidative stress and neuroapoptosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Protective effect of hydrogen sulfide on brain damage in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage LIU Yan-mei ZHU Qian LINGHU Yan WANG Jian-qiang LIU Jun LI Wen-jie WANG Min-chen WU Kai-yun* 2015, (3):  297-303.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.002 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to the brain injury in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Method Thirty experimental rats were randomly divided into Control group (n=10), SAH model group (n=10) and NaHS (100 mg/Kg)group (n=10),The experimental rats of the H2S group were injected NaHS 100 mg /Kg body weight in intraperitoneal and after surviving for 24 hours to do the neurological assessment and take the whole brain. The expression changes of GFAP, S-100b, Bcl-2, C-fos, caspase -3, MMP-9 were detected with fluorescent immunocytochemistry and Western blot method. Results Neurological assessment showed that severe neurological symptoms was significantly relieved in hydrogen sulfide group. GFAP and S-100b have a high expression in SAH rats group and were significantly decreased in H2S pretreatment group. The expression of Bcl-2 and caspase -3 in SAH group were high than in the control group but the expression of Bcl-2 was increased in H2S pretreatment group than SAH group, and caspase -3 was decreased in H2S pretreatment group. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of c-fos and MMP-9 were increased in SAH group and was significantly decreased in H2S pretreatment group. Conclusion The hydrogen sulfide have an significant protective effect on brain injury after SAH and its mechanism may be improved the function of glial cells and apoptotic pathways. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Bioinformatics analysis of genes related to Parkinson’s disease with LRRK2 (G2019S) mutation CHEN Guang-le ZHENG Wen-ling MA Wen-li* 2015, (3):  304-309.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.003 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the genes from Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients carrying the mutation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2(LRRK2) gene（G2019S）and explore the molecular mechanism of Parkinson’s disease. Methods Microarray dataset GSE22491 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, the dataset includes 10 PD and 8 control samples, and analyzed by bioinformatics methods using Qlucore Omics Explorer（QOE）3.0，DAVID and String. Results A total of 1752 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes, of which 191 were upregulated and 1561 were downregulated in PD. The main biological pathways involved included ribosome,oxidative phosphorylation, proteasome, Leukocyte transendothelial migration, pentose phosphate pathway, citrate cycle, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis and genes of SKP2、RBX1、SKP1、CUL1、CUL4A etc may plays important roles in the molecular mechanism of Parkinson’s disease. Conclusion The pathogenesis of PD involves multiple genes, and investigations of these genes may provide valuable insights into the mechanism of PD with mutation of LRRK2 gene (G2019). References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Limb remote ischemic postcondtioning promoting the expression of  heat shock protein 70 in the rat cortex after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury ZHOU Fang-fang LI Shuai QI Wen-qian ZONG Yong-hua ZHANG Ming-xiao YANG Hui-jun HU Xiao-song* 2015, (3):  310-316.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.004 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of limb remote ischemic postconditioning (LRIP) protective role in the brain by observing the localization and changes of positive cells expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) of rat cortical infarct areas after remote ischemic postcondtioning treatment. Methods A SD rat model of focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion was induced by intraluminal 1 hour transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with a nylon monofilament suture.Ischemic animals were randomly assigned to 3 groups: sham group, I/R group and LRIP group, 5 animals each group.The LRIP performed immediately after reperfusion(LRIP was generated by 3 cycles of 10 minutes occlusion/10 minutes release of the bilateral hind femoral artery used rubber band). To determine whether the model of MCAO was successful, Zea longa score method was used. Rats were sacrificed on 1day or 3days after reperfusion and the brain was obtained by decapitation. Rats were evaluated for neurological deficits just before sacrifice by Garcia. Brains were harvested for infarct size estimation used 2, 3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC). Western blotting was used to analyze the quantitative alterations of HSP70.Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence histochemistry were used to observe the distribution, type and number of positive cells of HSP70. Results Compared with I/R group, LRIP treatment significantly improved neurological functions（P<0.05）and decreased infract size（P<0.05）as well as upregulated HSP70 expression. There was no statistically significant difference between LRIP and I/R group at 1day (P>0.05)except for that of 3days（P<0.01）. HSP70 was localized predominantly in neurons and endothelia cells and astrocytes in ischemic peripheral areas. Conclusion LRIP treatment could improve neurological functions as well as decrease infract size. According to the results, we speculate this protective effect likely by increasing the neurons, endothelia cells and astrocytes expression of HSP70 in ischemic peripheral areas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of allopregnanolone on the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of APPswe/PSEN1 mice ZHANG Peng QI Shuang-shuang XIE Ming-qi LIAO Min LIU Fen ZHOU PengCUI Huai-rui SUN Chen-you* 2015, (3):  317-323.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.005 Abstract ( )   Objective To evaluate the effect of allopregnanolone (APα) on the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neuron in the substantia nigra (SN) of the transgenic mouse of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods Immunopositive cells were observed and measured in the 4-month-old male mice (n=31) using an immuno-staining technique. Results The APα level and the number of TH-positive neurons were reduced in the double-transgenic AD mouse (2×TgAD), and these reductions were present prior to the appearance of β-amyloid positive plaques. APα treatment prevented the decrease of the total number of neurons, TH-positive neurons and TH/bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-double positive neurons in the SN of 2×TgAD mice although the decreased intensities of TH-positive neural fibers were not rescued in the striatum. In addition, APα administration had an apparent increase in the number of new-born mature neurons without affecting the new-generating astrocytes in the SN of 2×TgAD mice. Conclusion A lower level of endogenous APα is implicated in the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the 2×TgAD mice. Exogenous APα can recover the reducing TH-positive neurons by promoting their neurogenesis in the 2×TgAD mice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Change of apoptosis factor expression in cochlear nucleus in carboplatin-induced auditory neuropathy rat LIU Jing LI Zheng-li HE Qing HUANG Hong-yan* 2015, (3):  324-328.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.006 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the influence of carboplatin (CBP) on cell apoptosis in the cochlear nucleus and the nerve protection of dexamethasone (DEX) in rats. Methods CBP was used to establish the animal model of auditory neuropathy (AN) through an intraperitoneal injection. Rats were assigned to NS group, CBP group and DEX+CBP group, 18 rats per group. On day 3 and day 6 post modeling, the immunoreactivity of Caspase-3 in the cochlear nucleus was detected by immunohistochemistry and the apoptotic protease activating facter 1 (Apaf-1) mRNA expression was explored by RT-PCR. Results The level of immunoreactivity of Caspase-3 and expression of Apaf-1 mRNA in the ventral cochlear nucleus(VCN) and dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) of CBP group were significantly higher than those in NS group and DEX+CBP group (P＜0.05), while the levels between NS group and DEX+CBP group had no significant differences(P＞0.05), and the effect on day 6 was more obvious than that on day 3. Conclusion CBP can not only damage the auditory nerve but also cause cell apoptosis on the cochlear nucleus in rats, and DEX weakens the effect of apoptosis for its neuroprotection. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Insulin-like growth factor-1 protecting cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by down-regulating transcription factor basic transcription element binding protein through extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 pathway ZHANG Jian-kai CUI Xiao-jun XU Xiao-ling DING Bi-lan LI Jin-ju LI Tao WU Zhu-guo* 2015, (3):  329-335.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.007 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate gene regulation mechanism of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) anti-apoptotic effect on rat cardiomyocytes. Methods Primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were cultured in vitro，IGF-1(10nmol/L) was added with different signal transduction pathway inhibitors ［phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K), extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and Raf-1］ respectively (20μmol/L). The gene expression of basic transcription element binding protein (BTEB) was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, by which the pathway of IGF-1 down-regulated BTEB gene expression was judged. NRCMs were treated with 100umol/L hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce apoptosis. BTEB specific siRNA was transfected into the cells by Lipofectamine 2000.Myocardial cells apoptosis was detected by DNA-ladder analysis, Annexin V-FITC／PI dual staining，Caspase-3 activity assay and Hoechst33258 staining. Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of BTEB gene in NRCMs were down-regulated significantly after IGF-1 had stimulated for 60 minutes. Compared with control groups, BTEB mRNA and protein expression in ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor PD98059 group was significantly higher (P＜0.01).The apoptosis of NRCMs was induced by H2O2. Artificially inhibited BTEB gene expression with BTEB specific siRNA，BTEB mRNA and protein expression decreased obviously (P＜0.05). Compared with control group, the apoptotic rates of NRCMs induced by H2O2in IGF-1 group and BTEB specific siRNA groups were declined (all P＜0.05)，decreased Caspase-3 activity(all P＜0.05), attenuated DNA fragmentation and reduced apoptotic bodies were also observed in these groups. The anti-apoptotic effect of BTEB gene silencing on NRCMs was similar with that of IGF-1 treatment. Conclusion IGF-1 protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by down-regulating transcription factor BTEB through ERK1/2 pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells via co-culture with cardiac myocytes induction in vitro  GUO Yi-wei MAO Guang-lan FAN Yan-fen WANG Qing-zhi* YAN Jian-guo LI Na-na WANG Zhi-yong 2015, (3):  336-341.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.008 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of indirect contact co-culture with cardiac myocytes induction in the differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into cardiomyocyte-like cells in order to find the optimal induction conditions. Methods 2-3 weeks old 24 SD rats and newborn 1-3 day old 96 SD rats were used. BMSCs were derived by adhesive screening, and cardiac myocytes（CMs）were isolated by differential adhesion. According to the induction conditions, the cells were divided into groups A, B, and C. In group A［the 5-azacytidine（5-Aza-CR）induction group］, 10 μmol/L 5-Aza-CR was used to induce for 24 hours under a light-free environment. In group B (the co-cultured CMs induction group), at the beginning of the experiment, the CMs and BMSCs were cultured separately; when each had attached, and they were co-cultured. In group C (the 5-Aza-CR and co-cultured CMs group), CMs were seeded in the upper side of the transwell chamber, and 5-Aza-CR-induced BMSCs were seeded in the lower side. The phase contrast microscope was used to continuously observe morphological changes of BMSCs in each group; the cells were collected in 2-4 weeks. Expression of α-sarcomeric actin and cTnT in induced BMSCs was inspected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Results 1.Cells of group B had a trend of aggregate growth. Shedding or degrading cells of group C were significantly less than in group A, but fatty vacuolization appeared in a part of the cells. 2.Resultsof immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence: The expression of cTnT in group A, B, and C was negative or at low levels at 2 weeks of induction, while the expression of α-actin was weak. The expression of cTnT and α-actin in each group was positive, respectively, at 4 weeks of induction. The positive expression rates of cTnT and α-actin were (20.22±2.30)% and (28.05±2.45)% in group A, (21.18±1.30)% and (29.06±1.86)% in group A, and (26.28±2.89)% and (33.91±2.18)% in group C. The difference of group A and C was statistically significant (P<0.05), but the difference of group A and B was not (P＞0.05). Conclusion CMs indirect contact co-culture can induce BMSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells, and induction effects could be improved by being induced with 5-Aza-CR together. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Protective effect of the serum of Jinggu Bitong decoction on the rabbits chondrocytes’apoptosis induced by interleukin-1β XIAO Long YUAN Hai-zhou ZHONG Qin HUANG Jian XIAN Hua HUANG Ying-ru* 2015, (3):  342-347.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.009 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect and the mechanism of the Jinggu Bitong decoction on osteoarthritis(OA) by observing the effects of the serum of Jinggu Bitong decoction on the rabbits chondrocytes ? apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Methods Eight adult male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups which were gavaged with normal saline (NS), prescription for nourishing liver-kidney (PNLK, drynaria rhizome, dipsacus asperoids and herba epimedii), Duhuo Jisheng decoction and Jinggu Bitong decoction, respectively. The blank serum and the medicated serum were obtained. We identified chondrocytes by the toluidine blue staining and type Ⅱ collagen immunofluorescent staining. The 3th passage rabbit chondrocytes were randomly assigned to 5 groups: blank group (group A), model group (group B), PNLK group (group C), Duhuo Jisheng decoction group (group D) and Jinggu Bitong decoction group (group E). The chondrocytes were cultured with 10% blank serum 36 hours in group A, with IL 1-β 12 hours in group B, group C, group D and group E. Then the chondrocytes were cultured with 10% blank serum 24 hours in group B, with 10% PNLK serum in group C, with 10% Duhuo Jisheng decoction serum 24 hours in group D and with 10% Jinggu Bitong decoction serum 24 hours in group E. Real-time quantitative PCR (Real-time PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of Bcl-2’s and Bax’s mRNA and protein. The apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Results All the cells were identified as chondrocytes. After the 24 hours, for the expressions of Bcl-2’s mRNA and protein in group C, group D and group E was higher than group B, group D and group E was higher than group C, and group E were higher than group D. The results were statistically different (P＜0.05). For the expressions of Bax’s mRNA and protein and the apoptosis rate, group C, group D, and group E were lower than group B, group D and group E were lower than group C, and group E were lower than group D. The results were statistically different (P＜0.05). Conclusion The Jinggu Bitong decoction has a significant protective action to the rabbit chondrocytes’s apoptosis induced by IL-1β, and the possible mechanism is to promote the Bcl-2’s expression and control the Bax’s expression and control proportional of Bcl-2 and Bax. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression and secretion of nerve growth factor in esophageal squamous cell cancer cell line Eca109 LI Qiu-xia PEI Xue-lian LIU Yang WANG Yu-ting HUANG Yan-yan ZHOU Zong-yao MU Xiao-ling* 2015, (3):  348-353.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.010 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the relationship between the nerve growth factor (NGF) and the cell differentiation of esophageal squamous cell cancer. Methods Round and spindle single-cell clones were sorted by limited dilution, and spheres were obtained by cultured in serum-free medium. Adherent Eca109 cells were cultured in serum-containing and serum-free culture medium 48hours, respectively.The expression of NGF mRNA and protein levels in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were assessed by reverse transcriptase expression of the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology and Western blotting analysis, respectively.Immunohistochemical staining determined the nerve growth factor expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma specimen. The secretion of NGF in Eca109 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The expression of NGF mRNA and protein levels was detected in ESCC,and the spheres cells expressed the highest amount of NGF in mRNA and protein expression level. NGF was expressed in the cytoplasm of ESCC cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma specimen. ESCC cells could secreted NGF in serum-free culture conditions, and the NGF secreted was significantly higher than that in serum-containing medium. Conclusion ESCC cells of Eca109 express and secrete NGF, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma specimen could express nerve growth factor. NGF may play an important role in maintaining ESCC stem cell characteristics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinicopathological features of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung expressing fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 MU Jing CAI Yi-ran DONG Yu-jie ZHOU Li-juan SU Dan ZHANG Hai-qing* 2015, (3):  354-358.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.011 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate clinicopathological features of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of lung（SCCL) and fibroblastgrowth factor receptor 1（FGFR1）positive expression, and to explore the role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) technology in screening and confirming FGFR1 positive cases. Methods Tissue microarrays were constructed containing 208 SCCL samples. FGFR1 expression was evaluated by IHC staining to analyze its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics. Results Among 208 patients, the frequency of FGFR1 positive expression was 6.3%. FGFR1 expression was associated with a larger tumor size (>5cm，P<0.05）, and with lymph node metastasis versus no lymph node metastasis（9.7% vs 2.9%，P<0.05）. Positive expression of FGFR1 was higher in patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ than those in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ（13.1% vs 1.6%，P<0.01）. There was no significant difference between smokers and neversmokers (P>0.05). Conclusion FGFR1 expression is associated with larger tumor size、lymph node invasion and clinical stage. FGFR1 expression is not significantly associated with clinicopathologic parameters such as age, sex, tumor location, differentiation and smoking. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of dihydromyricetin on apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells SUN Da-yong ZUO Yan-zhen LIANG Hong-hu SONG Ji* MA Chun-hu SUN Hao-yang 2015, (3):  359-362.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.012 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the effect of dihydromyricetin on apoptosis of hunman nonsmall cell lung cancer A549 cells, and to explore new drugs for lung cancer. Methods A549 cells were treated with various concentrations of dihydromyricetin for 48hours. MTT assay was used to determined the proliferation ability of A549 cells, flow cytometry was used to detect the influence of dihydromyricetin on the cell apoptosis of A549 cells, Western blotting analysis was used to evaluate the levels of Bax, Bcl-2 expressions. Results MTT assay results showed a significant inhibition in A549 cells with a dose-dependent manner, when compared with control cells, the inhibitory concentration for 50%（IC50）was 64.45mg/L at 48 hours; Flow cytometry showed that dihydromyricetin induced apoptosis of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner as well. Further analysis by Western blotting showed that the expression of Bax was increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 was reduced when A549 cells was incubated for 48 hours with dihydromyricetin. Conclusion Dihydromyricetin plays a role of anti-tumor through inhibiting A549 cells proliferation and inducing apoptosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Changes in pharyngeal esophageal lumen width during the aging process WANG Qin XU Sheng-chun LIU Ye-hai HU Guo-qin LIANG liang TU Li-li 2015, (3):  363-366.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.013 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the changes in the lumen diameter of pharyngeal esophageal segment during the aging process. Methods The pharyngeal esophageal lumen was dissected and examined in 60 cadareric specimens. Results Pharyngeal esophageal lumen appeared in a compact or a smooth shapes. The measurement pharyngeal esophageal lumen was performed at 4 planes: lateral cricopharyngeal triangle, inferior horn of thyroid cartilage, narrowest point and inferior margin of the cricoid cartilage. It was observed that the lumen from the lateral cricopharyngeal triangle to cricoid inferior plane became gradually narrowed(P<0.05). The diameter of the pharyngeal esophageal lumens was greater in the elderly group than that in the youth group and the young group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the lumen diameter at different planes (P<0.05) and in the 3 age groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The diameter of the pharyngeal esophageal lumens is greater in the elderly group than that in the youth group, suggesting compensatory changes in the aging process. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on thymus structure and function of rats ZHANG Li-heng RAN Rui-tu SUN Jia-zheng ZHANG Jing SHAO Yue JIA Dao-yong ZHANG Yan-yan ZHANG Meng-si WANG Ya-ping* 2015, (3):  367-372.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.014 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the thymus structure and function and its relative mechanism. Methods Twenty male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups. Rg1 group rats were injected with Rg1 20mg/kg qd×28days by intraperitoneal way; the control group rats were treated with saline at the same dose and time. After 2 days of the treatment, the weight and index of thymus were measured, paraffin section and HE staining were used to observe the thymus’s microscopic structure and calculate the proportion of the cortex of thymus. SA-β-Gal staining was applied to detect aging thymocytes. The proliferative capacity of thymocyte stimulated by Con A was measured by CCK-8. The cell cycles, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS) of thymocytes were assayed with flow cytometry. The amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), granulooyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF), IL-2, IL-6, advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs)produced by thymocytes were assayed with ELISA. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), proportion of GSH and GSSH were detected by enzymatic assay. The expression of senescence-accosiated protein P53, P21, Rb were detected by Western blotting analysis. Results The injection of ginsenoside Rg1 significantly enhanced the thymic index, the proportion of the cortex of thymus, the proliferative capacity of thymocytes, the ratio of the thymocytes in S stage, the secretory capability of TNF-α, GM-CSF, IL-2 and IL-6, the active content of SOD, and proportion of GSH/GSSG,and decreased the ratio of apoptosis,G1 and G2/M stage, the production of ROS and MDA of the thymocytes. Ginsenoside Rg1 down regulated the expression of P53, P21, Rb. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg1 can protect the structure of thymus and activate the function of thymocytes. Its mechanism may be that ginsenoside Rg1 can inhibit oxidative stress and down regulate p53/p21/Rb signal pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of diethylstilbestrol on the expression of estrogen receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in testis and epididymis of male Xiang pigs ZHONG Lei ZHU Xing FENG Jie TIAN Xing-gui* 2015, (3):  373-378.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.015 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the expression of estrogen receptors and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the testis and epididymis of male Xiang pigs. Methods Twenty（20-25-days-old）pigs were randomly divided into four groups，one control group and three treatment groups, with 5 pigs in each group. The animals in 3 treatment groups were intraperitoneally injected diethystilbestrol at doses of 0.03 mg/（kg·d）, 0.3mg/（kg·d）, 3mg/（kg·d）,respectively for 9 days. The left testes of each animal was excised 24 hours after last injection. The testicular and epididymal tissues were sectioned at a thickness of 5μm for immunohistochemical staining. The immunohistochemistry technique was used to observe estrogen receptors, including ERα and ERβ, and endothelial nitric oxide synthetase distribution. Results The immunohistochemical positive staining for ERα was only distributed in the nuclei of the efferent ductule epithelia and the ERβ was distributed in the nuclei of the epithelia of both the efferent ductule and epididymis tube. The ERβ was distributed in the cytoplasm of the seminiferous tubule. The percentage of ERα positive cells in the efferent ductule was significantly decreased, whereas is ERβ positive cells in the efferent ductule and epididymis tube were increased (P<0.05) after exposure to DES, but the percentage of ERβ-positive cells of testis seminiferous tubule significantly decreased at 0.03mg/kg dose of DES(P<0.05), and no ERβ expression in testes seminiferous tubule at 0.3 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg dose of DES. The eNOS immunoreactivity was distributed in the seminiferous tubule and efferent ductule epithelia.The percentage of eNOS positive cells in seminiferous tubule was significantly increased (P<0.05). In the contrast, eNOS positive cells in efferent ductule epithelia were decreased(P<0.05 ) after exposure to DES. Conclusion DES has a significant effect on the expression of ERs and eNOS in testis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Protection of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide on liver histological structure in mice injured by ephedrine MENG Ru LI Chong-yang YU Shi-yuan* YUAN Jing WEI Ping-ting 2015, (3):  379-386.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.016 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the protection of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide(ASP) on ephedrine induced hepatic injury in mice. Methods Seventy-two mice were randomly divided into 4 groups：the natural control group，experiment control group，ASP1 group， and ASP2 group.The experimental control group and ASP groups were intraperitoneally injected with a 4.0g/L of ephedrine 0.2ml twice a day for 15 days， and the natural control group was injected with a same amount of saline.The ASP groups were irrigated to stomach with 0.3ml Angelica sinensispolysaccharide solution (12.5g/L，25.0g/L)1 hour after ephedrine injection，the natural control group and experiment control group were irrigated to stomach with a same amount of saline.The mice were sacrificed at 5 day，10day，and 15 day after treatment，respectively.The morphological observation was used to observe pathological changes of hepatic tissues.Activities of hepatic histologicalsuperoxide dismutase（SOD）and plasma γ-glutamyltransferase(γ-GT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(AST)，as well as content of malonaldehyde（MDA）were detected by colorimetry.The expressions of Bax protein and Caspase-3 protein were measured by immunohistochemistry in liver of mice. Results There were various degree damages in hepatic tissues，hepatic cords were disorganized，liver cells were loose and liver sinusoid expanded，the activity of γ-GT、AKP、ALT、AST in plasma were significantly increased，the activity of SOD in liver tissue was significantly reduced，the content of MDA in liver tissue was increased significantly，the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 protein in liver were significantly increased.Compared with the experimental control group，pathological damage of liver was significantly improved，the activity of plasma γ-GT, AKP, ALT, AST were significantly reduced，the activity of SOD in liver tissue was increased significantly，however the content of MDA was significantly decreased and the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 protein in liver were reduced in Angelica sinensis polysaccharide group. ConclusionAngelica sinensis polysaccharide can improve liver tissue antioxidant capacity and promote reparation of cell injury and protect hepatic injury which is induced by ephedrine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Protective effects of Shandan Sphallerocarpus gracilispolysaccharide on chronic hepatic injury in mice induced by CCl4 YUAN Jing YU Shi-yuan* MENG Ru WEI Ping-ting 2015, (3):  387-393.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.017 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of Shandan Sphallerocarpus gracilispolysaccharide(SGP) on the hepatic injury in mice induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4). Methods Forty mice were divided into 5 groups: the nature control group，the experimental control group，and 3 SGP groups. The mice in SGP groups were administered with SGP at the doses of 12.5，25，37.5 g/L 0.2ml，respectively, the other groups were gavaged with 0.2ml saline, the nature control group was infected by 0.2ml injected by 0.2ml saline. The morphological changes for hepatic tissues were observed under microscopy，the activities of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT)，aspartate aminotransferase (AST)，alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)，as well as content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in liver were determined by colorimetry，the expression change of Caspase-3 and Bax in liver tissue was determined by the immunohistochemical method. Results The activities of plasma ALT，AST，ALP was significantly increased in the experimental control group，compared with the nature control group（P<0.01），while the activity of SOD in liver tissue decreased obviously（P<0.01），and the contents of MDA were increased significantly（P<0.01），the livers tissue structure in experimental control group was blur，liver cells were necrosis and had serious vacuolation. The activities for Caspase-3 and Bax immunohistochemical positive staining in hepatic tissues significantly increased in the experimental control group (P<0.01).However，the activities of plasma ALT，AST and ALP in the SGP groups was significantly decreased（P<0.01），the activitys of SOD in liver tissue were increased significantly（P<0.01），and the contents of MDA were significantly decreased（P<0.01），the liver structures were normal， inflammatory necrosis were decreased， liver celluar stuctures were clear，the positive expression of Caspase-3 and Bax protein were decreased significantly，compared with the experimental control group（P<0.01）Conclusion The SGP has a good effect on improving the cellular antioxidant activity，exhibiting activities of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory, and protecting the liver from the damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice, and has a dose effect within a certain range. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Mesenteric marginal vessel arch attenuates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by compensating blood-supply WANG Qiang LI Xin-rui YANG Zheng* LI Chang-yin YI Fang YANG Wei 2015, (3):  394-399.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.018 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the effect of mesenteric marginal vessel arch attenuating intestinal ischemia-reperfusion（I/R）injury by compensating blood-supply for the intestinal canal in mice. MethodsNinety KM rats were randomly divided into normal group(A), sham-operation group(B), and clipping mesenteric artery group(C), clipping the two adjacent straight artery beside ileocecal valve group(D), and clipping the marginal vessel arch correspondence two adjacent straight artery near the pyloric end group(E) based on D group. The range and degree of ischemia-reperfusion in intestinal canal nourished by arteries were different because each group clipped different arteries. According to the different models in each group, the ileum propulsion rate, the frequency and amplitude of the slow wave and contractility were observed. HE staining was used to evaluate the intestinal mucosal injury by histological examination. Results The ileum propulsion rates of the model group(C,D,E group) were lower than that of the A group(P<0.01). Compared with the C group, the ileum propulsion rate of the D group was higher(P<0.05), and compared with E group, D group was higher(P<0.05). The frequency and amplitude of the slow wave of the model group were lower than that of the A group(P<0.01), while compared with the C and E groups, D group was higher(P<0.05). The frequency, amplitude and vitality of the contractility of the model group were lower than that of the A group (P<0.01), the results of D group in comparison with the C and E groups were similar. Compared to A group, the intestinal mucosal injury of the model group was more serious(P<0.01), and both the scores of C and E group were higher than D group(P<0.05). Conclusion Mesenteric marginal vessel arch can attenuate intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by compensating blood-supply for the intestinal canal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of cytochrome P450Ⅱ E1 in colorectal carcinoma complicated with intestinal schistosomiasis LI Gang-qin ZHANG Yu-xing*GONG Li-gang YUAN Xiu-xue CHENG Cong LI Ying HUANG Yuan 2015, (3):  400-404.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.019 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the relationship between cytochrome P450Ⅱ E1(CYPⅡE1) protein expression of colorectal carcinoma complicated with intestinal schistosomiasis and its possible mechanism. Methods Immunohistochemical SP method was applied to detect the CYPⅡE1 protein expression of 60 cases of intestinal schistosomiasis and colorectal cancer tissue, 60 cases of colorectal cancer tissue without intestinal infection of Schistosoma japonicum，60 cases of intestinal schistosomiasis infection group, and 50 cases of normal intestinal tissue without infection of Schistosoma japonicum. Results The rates of the cytochrome p450Ⅱ E1 immunohistochemical positive staining were 73.33% in colorectal carcinoma complicated with intestinal schistosomiasis group, 46.67% in the intestinal schitosoma japonicum infection group, 31.67% in colorectal cancer tissue without intestinal infection of schistosoma japonicum, 16% in the normal intestinal tissues. The cytochrome p450Ⅱ E1 immunohistochemical positive in colorectal carcinoma complicated with intestinal schistosomiasis group associated without gender, age, tumor location, lymph node metastasis, but with tissue differentiation degree and pathology classification.The stepwise regression method of logistic multiple factor analysis showed that the histological type was the only risk factors for the positive expression of P450Ⅱ E1 （OR=11.4，P=0.024). Conclusion CYPⅡE1 expression is associated with colorectal cancer pathological tissue type. CYP II E1 plays a certain role in the pathogenesis of in colorectal carcinoma complicated with intestinal schistosomiasis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of neurofilament protein, neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin in human embryonic tongue tissues LIU Xue-hong* ZHANG Yong 2015, (3):  405-409.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.020 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the distribution of neurofilament protein（NF）, neuron-specific enolase（NSE）and synaptophysin（SYN）proteins at the developmental stages of the human embryonic tongue tissue. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of NF, NSE and SYN proteins in the tongue tissues of 16 embryos during the second, third and fourth month of human embryonic and fetal development. Results In the embryos at the 2nd,3nd and 4th months of gestation, NF, NSE and SYN proteins expressed in the tongue tissue. With the increase of gestational age, the number and intensity of the positive expression of NF, NSE and SYN in tongue gradually increased. At the 2nd month of gestation, NF, NSE and SYNproteins were a small amount of weakly positive expression, and the intensity values of their positive expression were 135.83±24.62，136.57±15.23 and 139.84±21.40, respectively. At the 3rd month of gestation, the intensity values of NF, NSE and SYN positive expression were 96.04±23.37，94.89±22.52 and 90.65±21.08, respectively. At the 4th month of gestation, the intensity values of NF, NSE and SYN positive expression were 79.02±20.90，76.78±21.27 and 83.43±25.90, respectively. One-Way ANOVAand LSD-t test were employed to compare the intensity values of NF, NSE and SYN expressions in tongue tissues detected in the 3 fetal periods. The results of NF, NSE and SYN showed significant difference in the tongue tissue(P<0.01). Conclusion At the second to fourth gestation, with the increase of gestational age, the intensity values of NF, NSE and SYN positive expressions are lower. NF, NSE and SYN proteins participate in regulation of the development and differentiation in the nervous system and muscle tissues of tongues in human embryos and fetus. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Investigation of the characteristics of bone density and body composition in Hui university students BAI Jing-ya HE Ye* HAI Xiang-jun HE Jin-quan WANG Yu-tang 2015, (3):  410-414.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.021 Abstract ( )   Objective To analyze the characteristics of bone density and body composition changes in Hui university students and to provide some theoretical suggestions for the improvement of Hui university students’ physical health. Methods The sampling methods of cross-sectional stratified random were used to select 390 samples, aged from 20 to 22, in Hui university students (195 males, 195 females). Body composition was measured by the human body composition analyzer. Bone density was measured by bone mineral density ultrasound bone density, and comprehensive analysis of bone T-score was evaluated. Results The bone density indexes of broadband ultrasonic frequency attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS), quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) and bone mineral density (BMD) in Hui male students were higher than in Hui female students. Normal rates of bone of Hui female students were higher than that of Hui male students.BMI, lean body mass, muscle mass, minerals, body water, protein, waist-hip ratio and basal metabolic indexes of Hui male students were higher than Hui female students in overall and every age-group body composition. However, the indexes of the amount of fat, body fat percentage and oedema index in Hui male students were lower than that of Hui female students in overall and every age-group body composition. Indexes of BMI and T values and QUI were positive correlation for Hui female students, and there was no correlation between indexes of body composition and bone density. Conclusion The condition of body composition and bone density is well in Hui male and female students. The correlation between indexes of body composition and bone density is not clear. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comparison of different cryoprotectants in whole sheep ovary cryopreservation DU Tian-qi CHI Ling-long ZHAO Shu-qin SHI Qing QIN Rui-xi SUN Yan-yan LI Dong DENG Xiao-hui* 2015, (3):  415-421.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.022 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the effects of freezing sheep intact ovary by perfusing different cryoprotectants with concentration gradient blended programmed organ cooling perfusor, and to obtain the best cryoprotectants combination for cryopreservation of the whole sheep ovary. Methods Twenty-eight ovaries collected from 6-8 months non-pregnant female sheeps were randomly distributed into fresh group (group A), trehalose group (group B), glycerin group (group C) and DMSO group (group D). The morphology, cell apoptosis (by HE staining and TUNEL assay) and mRNA transcript of Bcl-2 associated X protein and cold inducible RNA-binding protein (by real-time PCR) of thawed sheep ovaries were tested to established the criterion for appraising cryopreservation results. Results The percentage of normal follicles in group B was comparable with group A (P＞0.05). The value in group C and group D were significant lower than that in group A (P<0.05). Quantitative assessment of stromal cell density indicated that the values in group D significantly lower than values in group A while group B and group C had values similar to those of group A. The TUNEL assay showed that the number of positive cells in group A were the lowest of all groups followed by group B, group C and group D (P<0.05). The level of BAX transcripts significantly increased in group C and group D (P<0.05). The level of CIRP transcripts increased highest in group B followed by group C and group D (P<0.05). Conclusion The whole ovary can be appropriately preserved after cryopreservation, and cryoprotectant combination of group B appears to be better for cryopreservation of whole sheep ovary in aspect of histology and anti-apoptosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Review on the genes involved in eyes morphogenesis in freshwater planarian DONG Zi-mei LI Xiao-yan CHEN Jing CHENG Fang-fang CHEN Guang-wen* 2015, (3):  422-427.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.023 Abstract ( )   Planarians are the earliest free-living platyhelminthes with triploblast and bilateral-symmetry and are the important animal group from water-inhabitation to land. They play an important role in studying the systematic evolution of animals. More importantly, planarians are the invertebrate model for the formation of the visual system, regeneration, evolution and development due to their simple eyes and powerful regenerative ability. In this paper, we summarize the genes involved in the regeneration of eyes of the planarian Dugesia japonicaand their expression patterns and functional analysis during the differentiation of the eye precursor cells, optic nerve fiber growth, functional recovery of the visual system and the optic cup formation. We discusse some important questions which remain unclear in the eye regeneration and gave the prospects. Our provide some clues to the research on visual system of the higher animals. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Lacuna of human body-basic and clinic GE Bao-jian SUI Hong-jin FU Yuan-shan* 2015, (3):  428-432.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2015.03.024 Abstract ( )   Human lacuna studying aims at the investigation of the anatomical characteristics of lacuna in human body and relationships with relevant clinical departments based on traditional parenchymatous organ research. It is of great significance for the development, the diffusion of microorganism and neoplasm metastasis, clinical imaging, clinical diagnosis and treatment, drug delivery and surgical operation approach. Especially with the development of clinical technology, detailed human body structure was required to meet with it. In this paper, the lacunas of human body were divided into space lacunae, potential lacunae and soft tissue lacunae. In addition to the traditional method of lacuna study, digital human body, plastination and endoscope technologies should be applied. Part of anatomical characteristics of the epidural space was listed as an example. References | Related Articles | Metrics