Table of Content

2012, Volume 43 Issue 1
06 February 2012 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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神经生物学
论文
细胞和分子生物学
肿瘤生物学
解剖学
组织学胚胎学与发育生物学
人类学
技术方法
综述


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神经生物学

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Dendritic spine development of mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons 2012, 43 (1):  1-6.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.001 Abstract ( )   ［Abstract］ Objective To investigate the developmental characteristics of dendritic spines in mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons by analysing the spine density and morphological changes. Methods Fifty mice were collected at postnatal days (P) 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30, 10 mice for each age. DiI diolistic labeling with gene gun was performed to observe dendritic spines development in mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. High quality labeled neurons were examined and photographed under a confocal microscope, whereas the ultrastructure of spines was observed under a transmission electron microscope. Results Dendritic spines changed their morphology and density with mouse development in response to neuronal activity. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum and spine apparatus in dendritic spines of hippocampal CA1 were observed with electron microscopy analysis, which might be involved in the regulation of plasticity at individual synapses.Conclusion The development of dendritic spines may be closely related to synaptogenesis and the Related Articles | Metrics

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Gene expression of Rest and Runx1t1 in activated hippocampal radial glial cells 2012, 43 (1):  7-12.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.002 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate changes of gene expression in hippocampal radial glial cells activated by hippocampal extracts EM>in vitro/EM> .Methods Extracts were successfully prepared from normal and deafferented hippocampi after fimbria-fornix transection. Radial glia cells (RGCs) from the hippocampus of newborn rats were divided into two groups: the normal group treated with extracts from normal hippocampi and the transected group treated with deafferented hippocampal extracts. After 7 days of incubation, cells were subjected to immunofluorescence against vimentin and nestin. Total cellular RNA was extracted and transcriptional level was determined using affymetrix microarrays. Quantitative PCR was performed directly towards several genes related with the differentiation of neural stem cells. Results Compared with the normal group, more vimentin and nestin double positive cells were observed in the transected group. Treatment of deafferented hippocampal extracts significantly increased the area and perimeter of double-labeling cells. Affymetrix microarrays detected a total of 709 genes, ten of which increased by 2 folds and ten decreased by 2 folds after treatment with deafferented hippocampal extracts. Quantitative PCR indicated that two neuronal differentiation-related genes increased in micrarrays were up-regulated significantly after cells were treated with deafferented hippocampal extracts.Conclusion Fimbria-fornix transected hippocampal extracts can activate the RGCsEM> in vitro/EM> and the two neuronal differentiating related genes, Rest and Runx1t1, increase in the activated RGCs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of microglial cells 2012, 43 (1):  13-18.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.003 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate whether ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) inhibits the expression of potentially pro-inflammatory cytokines by cultured murine microglial BV-2 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods An inflammatory cell model was structured by LPS-stimulated microglial BV-2 cells. The inflammatory cells were treated with Rg1 (10,20 and 40μmol/L) prior to LPS exposure. The effects on the mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and inflammatory signaling proteins nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were analysed by reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence staining assay. The effects of Rg1 on viability of BV-2 cells were measured by MTT assay. Results The results indicated that LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 protein and mRNA expression levels decreased significantly by Rg1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Rg1 also had an effect on the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-κB through transcriptional and translational inhibition. In addition, Rg1 dose-dependently decreased the increasing expression Related Articles | Metrics

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Neocortical lamination and cell cycle in the mouse 2012, 43 (1):  19-27.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.004 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the relationship between the neocortical lamination and cell cycle, especially the cell cycle alteration of postmitotic neurons in their migration, proliferation, and the cortical development. Methods BR>A total of 200 mice were used in this study. The immunofluorescent staining, DiI tracing and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay were used to observe changes in the cerebral cortex of embryonic and postnatal mice. Densities of BrdU and Cyclin D1 positive cells of the cerebral cortex were measured. Results At postnatal day 0 (P0), the lamination of deep cortical layers (Ⅵ-Ⅴ) started. The trend of lamination of superficial cortical layers (Ⅳ-Ⅱ) began after P5. The six layers were fully formed at P7.At P14, the feature of lamination in the cerebral cortex was fully formed, and then stabilized at P30. In the process of lamination, pyramidal cells were oval-shaped and had small branches with their dendritics at embryonic day 17 (E17). At P15, the pyramidal cells were mature and appeared with complex apical dendrites and base dendrites. With BrdU assay, we found that there were many proliferative stem cells in ventricular zone and subventricular zone. In the meantime, the postmitotic neurons that were proliferated from BrdU positive progenitor cells migrated into parenchyma of the neocortex. Statistical analysis showed that migrating postmitotic neurons into cortical plate(CP) decreased gradually from P0 to P30.The cell cycle of the migrating neurons was analyzed with GSUB>1/SUB> phase specific marker, Cyclin D1.The study showed that migrating neurons were in GSUB>1/SUB> phase after mitotic division, and they exited cell cycle once settlement in CP. The number of Cyclin D1 positive cells in the neocortex changed with parabolic curve and peaked at P12. After P30, only a few cyclinD1 positive cells were found in CP. Conclusion The neuroproliferation, cell differentiation and neuron migration are involved in neocortical lamination, which company with the maturation of pyramidal cells in the cortical plate. The neuroproliferation and neuron migration mainly occur in embryonic and neonatal periods. The migrating postmitotic neurons are in GSUB>1 /SUB>phase. The differentiation of migrating postmitotic neurons is the transition from GSUB>1 /SUB>to GSUB>0/SUB>.Once they settle in CP, the postmitotic n Related Articles | Metrics

论文

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Toll-like receptor 4 mediating prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure-induced  BR>the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the postnatal brain BR> 2012, 43 (1):  28-33.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.005 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the role of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in the alternation of nigral-striatal dopamine system and innate immunity in postnatal brains following prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods A total of 15 timed-pregnant TLR-4 deficient C57BL/10ScNCr mice and 15 wild type (WT) C57BL/10ScSn mice at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) were used in this study. The mouse was injected intraperitoneally with LPS or TLR-2 ligand peptidoglycan (PDG) or saline. A total of 5 brains with different prenatal exposure and TLR-4 genotyping were harvested at postnatal day of 120.The dopaminergic (DA) neurons and microglial cells were quantified by immunohistochemistry staining and sterology. Striatal DA content and DA metabolites were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Luminex 100 multiplex cytokine assay was used to determine the protein levels for the cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Results Compared to the saline control, a prenatal LPS exposure led to a (25.3±2.1)% reduction of DA neurons in the postnatal substantia nigra (SN) of 4-month-old C57BL/10ScSn mice, which was associated with reduced striatal DA level (33.5±5.0)% and an increase in homovanillic acid to DA ratio. Moreover, the prenatal LPS exposure resulted in an increase of the total number of microglia (294±24) %and the elevation of TNF-α and IL-1β in striatum and SN. On the contrary, there were no significant changes of SN DA neurons and inflammatory response in postnatal brain of C57BL/10ScNCr mice prenatally exposed to LPS. Prenatal PDG exposure led to similar alternations of nigralstriatal dopamine system and innate immunity in postnatal brains of both C57BL/10ScNCr and C5 Related Articles | Metrics

细胞和分子生物学

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Differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem calls into conjunctival epithelium-like cells EM>in/EM> EM>vitro/EM> 2012, 43 (1):  34-37.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.006 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate whether human bone marrow stroma stem cells（hMSCs）differentiate into conjunctival epithelium-like cells. Methods The hMSCs and human conjunctival epithelial cells(hCjEs) were isolaed and cultured. The morphological characteristics of the hMSCs and hCjEs were observed under a phase contrast microscope, and the cells were identified according to their morphology and cell-surface antigen profiles by immunocytochemical analysis. The hMSCs were co-cultured with hCjEs in Trans-well. The differentiated cells were identified according to their morphological characteristics,and the expression of cytokeratin13 (CK13) protein was detected by immunocytochemistry. The abundance of the mRNAs for CK13 in hCjEs，differentiated cells and hMSCs without co-cultured with hCjEs were determined by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）. BR> Results The hMSCs showed spindle-like morphology and the adherent cells showed whirlpool-like shape. The hCjEs were shown in shape of irregular round or polygon, and the adherent cells showed paving stones-like shape. The results of immunocytochemistry showed that there was positive expression of CD44 and CD29 in hMSCs. The hCjEs had positive expression of CK13 After induced by conjunctival epithelium, the shape of differentiated cells became wide and irregularly round accompanied by losing its spindle-shape. The results of immunocytochemistry showed that there was positive expression of CK13 in differentiated cells, and the expression of CK13 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. No mRNA products were detected in the hMSCs without co-culturing with conjunctival epithelium. Conclusion The hMSCs and hCjEs are successfully cultured and expanded with high purity in vitro. Conjunctival epithe1ium-like cells Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathyway in asthmatic mice 2012, 43 (1):  38-41.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.007 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the protective effects and mechanism of anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice（AEBR）in asthmatic mice. Methods Ovalbumin(OVA) was injected intraperitoneally and inhaled to produce the asthmatic model. Thirty two mice were randomly divided into four groups：control group, asthma group and AEBR groups of high and low dose. The concentrations of IL-4、IL-5、IL-13 and IFN-γ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were respectively measured by ELISA. The phosphor-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) in lung tissues was measured by Western blotting. The number of inflammatory cells in BALF and lung histropathological changes were observed Results In asthmatic group，the number of inflammatory cells and the concentrations of IL-4、IL-5、IL-13 in BALF and phosphor-p38 MAPK in lung tissue were higher, but IFN-γ was lower than those in control mouse (EM>P/EM> <0.05). In AEBR group, the number of inflammatory cells, the concentrations of IL-4、IL-5、IL-13 in BALF and phosphor-p38 MAPK in lung tissues were higher, but IFN-γ was lower than those in normal control mice(EM>P/EM> <0.05), and histropathology damage was alleviated significantly. The efficacies in the AEBR groups of high and low dose were similar and, no significant difference was observed among them. Conclusion p38 M Related Articles | Metrics

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p38 promotes the expression of extracellular matrix induced by nicotine in vascular smooth muscle cells of rats BR>BR> 2012, 43 (1):  42-46.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.008 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of nicotine on expression of extracelllular matrix (ECM) and integrin β1 (β1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of rats in order to explore the possible mechanism of the smoking-induced atherosclerosis. Methods VSMCs isolated from rats were subjected to 100μmol/L nicotine for 24 hours，and the cells without nicotine treatment were used as control. The expression of collagenⅠ, fibronectin and integrin β1 was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the p38 activity was detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, the expression of ECM including collagenⅠ, fibronectin, and integrin β1, and the cell membrane receptor significantly increased in nicotine group, and were respectively 1.8 times, 1.7 times, and 1.6 times higher than the control group (EM>P/EM> <0.05). The p38 activity, increased 1.95 folds (EM>P/EM> <0.01). After incubation with SB202190, specific inhibitor of p38, the higher expression of collagen I induced by nicotine was depressed. BR>Conclusion P38 promotes the high secretion of extracellular matrix induced by nicotine in vitro, suggesting that the higher Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of high-fat diet on cell adhesion molecules expression in the thoracic aortic aneurysm 2012, 43 (1):  47-52.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.009 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of high-fat diet on expression of cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1) during thoracic aortic aneurysm formation. Methods Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham group, surgery group and high fat group. The thoracic aortic aneurysm model was induced by CaClSUB>2/SUB>. The thoracic aortic segments were collected 4 weeks after surgery. Orcein staining and HE staining were used to observe the morphological changes in thoracic aorta. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of CD45、VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 Results Compared with surgery group, the high fat diet group had more obvious dilation of arterial diameter, more extensive damage to the arterial wall which was associated with more serious inflammatory cell infiltration and the increased expression of VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. Conclusion High-fat diet promotes the VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in thoracic aortic aneurysm wall, which may play an important role in the formation of thoracic Related Articles | Metrics

肿瘤生物学

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Expression and biological significance of tumor-testis antigens of SSX, NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A1 in pancreatic cancer 2012, 43 (1):  53-58.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.010 Abstract ( )   Objective To examine the expression and the biological specificity of cancer-testis antigens(CTA) SSX, NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A1 in normal pancreatic tissues, chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. Methods The paraffin-embedded tissue specimens were selected，including 8 cases of normal pancreatic tissues, 15 cases of chronic pancreatitis and 52 cases of pancreatic carcinoma. The expression of SSX, NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A1 in the above-mentioned tissue specimens were analyzed by SP immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, the expression of the three CTA in the 52 specimens of pancreatic cancer were detected by Western blotting.Results Immunohistochemical staining results showed that SSX，NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A1 were not expressed in normal pancreatic tissues and chronic pancreatitis. The positive expression rate of SSX, NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A1 in 52 cases of pancreatic cancer were 48.08%, 7.69%, 5.77%, respectively. There were no significant correlationship between the positive expression of SSX, NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A1 and the age, gender of the patient, cancerization location among the 52 cases of pancreatic cancer (EM>P/EM> >0.05). The expression of SSX negatively correlated with the infiltration and metastasis of the tumor (EM>r /EM>=-0.306，EM>P /EM>=0.028 ). There were more than one types of CTA expression in 55.77% (29/52) of pancreatic cancer.Conclusion The expression rate of different types of CTA in pancreatic cancer was significantly different. The positive expression rate of SSX was the highest. There was a negative correlationship between the high expression of SSX and metastasis of the tumor in pancreatic cancer. The expression of CTA Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of 3-methyladenine on cisplatin induced-apoptosis of line HeLa cells 2012, 43 (1):  59-62.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.011 Abstract ( )   Objective Autophagy is a protective reaction when cells are under stress, but the effect of autophagy in cisplatin induced apoptosis is unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of autophagy on cisplatin induced apoptosis of HeLa cells using autophagy specific inhibitor 3-methyladenine. BR> Methods MTT assay was employed to examine the growth suppression of the cells. Inverted phase contrast microscope was used to detect the morphological changes of the cells. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to dectect the expression and location of the LC3 and p62 proteins. Hoechst staining was used to observe the apoptosis. Results MTT assay showed that 3-Methyladenine combined with DDP enhanced the growth inhibition effect of cisplatin on HeLa cell line. Under the inverted phase contrast microscope, the cells became more round and fragile with the usage of 3-methyladenine and cisplatin. Indirect immunofluorescence staining showed that 3-methyladenine combined with DDP inhibited the expression and colocalization of LC3 and p62 Hoechst staining showed that 3methyladenine combined with DDP enhanced the apoptosis of HeLa cells induced by cisplatin. Conclusion Inhibition of the autophagy by 3-methyladenine enhances the apoptosis induced by cisplatin in Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of RegⅠ in the pathway of gastrin stimulating proliferation of gastric cancer cells EM>in vitro/EM> 2012, 43 (1):  63-67.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.012 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the role of RegⅠ（ regenerating gene I） in the pathway of gastrin stimulating proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Methods According to mRNA sequence of RegⅠ gene in Genbank, three siRNAs specifically targeting RegⅠ gene were designed through online design and homology comparison, and the RegⅠ-shRNA vectors(pSUPER-EGFP-REG/1, pSUPER-EGFP-REG/2 and pSUPER-EGFP-REG/3)were constructed. The three reconstructed vectors were identified by Hind Ⅲ/ EcoR Ⅰ double-enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. Gastric cancer cells BGC823 and SGC7901were transfected with three RegⅠ-shRNA vectors respectively. The experimental control group was transfected with pSUPER-EGFP-I whereas the contol group was no plasmid transfect. The cells were transfected with lipofectamine TM 2000 transfaction reagent and screened with RPMI-1640 supplement with G418 The gastric cancer cell lines BGC-823 and SGC-7901 with knock-down RegⅠ gene were estabilished by detection of RegⅠ mRNA level with RT-PCR, and protein expression was measured by Western boltting.Effect of gastrin on stimulating proliferation of gastric cancer cells was measured by MTT assay. Results The results of Hind Ⅲ/EcoRⅠ restriction map and sequencing of inserted sequence were correct, and indicated that three RegⅠ-shRNA expression vectors were constructed successfully. RT-PCR results indicated that RegⅠ mRNA transcription in gastric cancer cell BGC823 and SGC7901 were inhibited effectively by pSUPER-EGFP-REG/1 Western boltting results showed that compared to empty-vector, RegⅠ protein was down-regulated to （45±4）% and（53±4）% in BGC823 and SGC7901 cells, respectively. MTT results showed that the proliferation efficiency in the gastric cancer cell line with knock-down as RegⅠ gene as decreased significantly (EM>P /EM>0.05). The gastric cancer cell lines BGC823 and SGC7901 was knock-down as RegⅠ gene was incubated with gastric G17 at the most effective concentration and time.MTT assay was used to detect the proliferative changes of gastric cancer cell.After incubation with gastrin,t Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical significance of serum annexin A5 in patients with uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma 2012, 43 (1):  68-71.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.013 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate whether ANXA5 could be used as a diagnose marker for human uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Methods The blood of 38 normal women and 48 uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients was collected. The serum and red blood cells were obtained by low speed centrifugation. The content of ANXA5 and SCCAg was detected by ELISA method and RT-PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression of ANXA5 The data of the two groups were analyzed by t test and the relativity analysis was done between ANXA5 and SCCAg. Results According to ELISA method, the contents of both ANXA5 and SCCAg in the serum of uterine cervical carcinoma patients were higher than that of normal women（EM>P /EM><0.05). RT-PCR results showed that ANXA5 mRNA level in the patients was higher than that of normal（EM>P/EM> <0.05）. The relativity analysis showed that ANXA5 and SCCAg had a positive correlation, but the positive ratio of ANXA5 was higher than that of SCCAg. BR>Conclusion The content of ANXA5 in the uterine cervical carcinoma patients increased significantly with high speciality and sensitivity and might be used as a Related Articles | Metrics

解剖学

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Evaluation of the diameter of segmental and sub-segmental pulmonary arteries of the right middle lobe by multislice spiral CT angiography 2012, 43 (1):  72-76.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356. 2012. 01. 014 Abstract ( )   Objective To evaluate the diameter of segmental and sub-segmental pulmonary arteries of the right middle lobe using multislice spiral CT angiography. BR>Methods Two handred and fifty-four patients with no cardiac pulmonary diseases were performed with thoracic enhanced CT scans. Different methods for three-dimensional reconstruction imaging were selected in this investigation. The patients were divided into gender groups and three age groups of 20-40 year, 41-60 year, and 61-87 year. The diameter of segmental and sub-segmental pulmonary arteries of the middle right lobe on the MPR images were observed and measured. The obtained data were statistically analyzed. Results There were significant differences of the diameter of pulmonary arteries between the male and the female and among age groups. Different reconstruction methods had their own advantages. MPR reconstruction appeared better as it provided a more accurate evaluation for segmental and sub-segmental pulmonary arteries. Conclusion The imaging of multislice spiral CT can properly evaluate the diameter of segmental and sub-segmental pulmonary arteries of the right middle lobe and provide reference data for clinical diagnosis. BR> Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstruction of the main sections of the facial nerve recess approach using double oblique multi-planer in multi-slice CT 2012, 43 (1):  77-82.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.015 Abstract ( )   Objective To reconstruct the main sections of the facial nerve recess approach using double oblique multi-planer in multi-slice CT. Methods According to the normal surgical procedure of facial nerve recess approach, the temporal bone was dissected to expose main operative sections and anatomic marks. Images of the main operative sections from 80 patients (55 adults and 25 children) without abnormality in the temporal bone were reconstructed using double oblique muttiplaner reconstruction in muilti-slice CT. The achievement ratio was calculated. The differences among the transverse，coronal，and sagittal planes and double oblique planes were compared. The relationship with adjacent structures was measured. The appearances in different images and age groups were compared. Results Four key operative sections were involved in the facial nerve recess approach and their orientations were of oblique sagittal. Landmarks of the four key operative sections displayed on the double-oblique imaging rather than on transverse, coronal and sagittal planes. The achievement ratio of every section was 100%. The vertical distance between the central point of superior margin of horizontal semicircular canal and the bony wall of the middle cranial fossa in children was shorter than that in adults (EM>P/EM> <0.05). The vertical distance between the sigmoid sinus and posterior wall of the external auditory canal in children was shorter than that in adults (EM>P /EM><0.05). No significant difference in the distance between the inferior border of the tympanic segment and the inferior margin of the oval window was found between the age groups (EM>P /EM>>0.05). The vertical distance between the anterior margin of the mastoid segment and posterior external border of round window was not statistically different between the age groups (EM>P/EM> >0.05). Conclusion Double oblique multi-planar reformation is a new method to demonstrate landmarks of operative sections of the facial nerve recess approach in one slice. In combination with the operative approach and purpose, the reconstructive images of the operative section with double oblique multi-planer reconstruction may provid Related Articles | Metrics

组织学胚胎学与发育生物学

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Significance of β-catenin expression and its localization during mouse liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride 2012, 43 (1):  83-87.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.016 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the expression and localization of β-catenin in the liver tissue during hepatic fibrosis. Methods Healthy adult male Kunming mice（EM>n /EM>=45） were randomly divided into experiment group(EM>n /EM>=30) and control group(EM>n/EM> =15). The mouse of the experimental group was subcutaneously injected with 50% carbon tetrachloride (CClSUB>4/SUB>)-corn oil at a dose of 6ml/kg body weight twice a week; the control group was injected subcutaneously with the same volume of corn oil. Mice in each group were sacrifced at 1, 4 and 8 weeks, and the liver fibrosis pathology was estimated and compared by Masson staining and desmin immunohistochemistry staining. RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry method were used to verify the expression and localization of β-catenin in the hepatic tissue. Results There were few collagen fibers in portal veins and the portal area in the control group. Proliferation of collagen fibers was be observed in each mouse liver of the experimental groups and was aggravated with the lasting of the experiment. In immunohistochemical staining, desmin positive cells were observed in the liver of all groups, but the positive cell number in experiment group was higher than that of control group (EM>P/EM> <0.01). RT-PCR result showed a decreased expression of β-catenin mRNA in the liver of experimental group at 4 and 8 weeks after CClSUB>4/SUB> treatment(EM>P /EM><0.01)，but no significant difference was found between 1 week experimental group and control group（EM>P /EM>＞0.05）. Immunostaining showed that the β-catenin was mainly expressed and localized in the membrane of hepatic cells and bile duct epithelium cells of the control group, and in the cytosol of proliferated bile duct epithelioid cells and bile duct epithelium cells of the experimental group. The integrated optical density was significant different between control and experimental groups(EM>P/EM> <0.01). Conclusion The expression o Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Smad7 and histone deacetylase 1 in the mouse with aristolochic acid nephropathy 2012, 43 (1):  88-92.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-13562012.01.017 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the roles of Smad7 and histone deacetylase 1(HDAC1) in the development of aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), we studied their expressions in AAN. Methods The expressions of Smad7 and HDAC1 in the AAN and control groups were measured by immunohistochemical technique, Western blotting and RT-PCR. A total of 32 male mice were randomized into four groups. Aristolochic acid(AA)Ⅰ was dissolved in PBS and was given to mice in three treatment groups through intragastric administration ［4 mg/（kgI>&#/I>8226;d）, 8 mg/（kgI>&#/I>8226;d）, and 16 mg/（kgI>&#/I>8226;d）,respectively］. Results The immunohistochemical positive reaction for HDAC1 was distributed in the epithelial cell nuclei of the renal tubules. The expression level of HDAC1 was significantly higher in the AAN group than that in the control group. The results of Western blotting and RT-PCR showed that the protein expression of Smad7 in the AAN group was significantly lower than that of the control group, while the situation was opposite for HDACl expression. Conclusion Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of collagen Ⅰand Ⅲ in the hypertrophic myocardial tissue of the rat heart treated by isoproterenol 2012, 43 (1):  93-97.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.018 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate changes of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ in hypertrophic myocardial tissue of the rat. Methods Sixty SD rats were divided into control groups and model groups. Each group was further subdivided into sub-groups of 1- week, 4-week and 8- week groups,10 rats in each group. The rat of the model group was injected subcutaneously with isop roterenol at the dose of 4mg/(kg.d) for 1 week,4 and 8 weeks, respectively. In the control group,isoproterenol was replaced with saline.The body weight (BW), heart humid weight (HW), left ventricular humid weight (LVW) of each rat were measured. Myocardiac tissues were excised for cryostat section. The myocardiac transverse diameter(MTD),myocardiac section area(MYOR) were measured with an image analysis system. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to measure the protein concentrations for collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Results The intensities for the collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ staining were significantly higher in iso-injection 1-week group than those in 4-week group. The results of Western blotting showed that the expression of collagenⅠ and Ⅲ proteins in model groups were higher than that in the control groups（EM>P /EM>0.01）. Collagen Ⅰand Ⅲ contents increase at 1-we Related Articles | Metrics

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Ibandronate preventing and treating glucocorticiod-induced osteoporosis in rabbits 2012, 43 (1):  98-102.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.019 Abstract ( )   Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ibandronate (IBA) in prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rabbits. Methods Sixty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated into six groups: control-1 group, control-2 group (treated with saline), DX6 group (treated with dexamethasone for 6 weeks), prevention group (injected with IBA at a dose of 2mg/kg before dexamethasone treatment), DX12 group (treated with dexamethasone for 12 weeks) and treatment group (additionally received IBA injection after dexamethasone treatment for 6 weeks). The rabbits from control-1 group, DX6 group and prevention group were sacrificed at week 6 and the rabbits from remaining groups were sacrificed at week 12 for bone biomechanical analysis and histological examination. Results Compared with DX6 group, bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) of the lumbar spine in the prevention group increased by 100%, 45.74% and 40.55%, respectively (EM>P/EM> <0.01). The parameters in the treatment group increased by 73.34%、23.87% and 39.02%, respectively (EM>P/EM> <0.05), comparing with DX12 group. The maximum compressive load, the maximum bending stress and the maximum torque of the prevention group were higher than DX6 group by 24.19%, 29.91% and 37.24 %, respectively (EM>P /EM><0.01). The biomechanical parameters of the treatment group were higher than DX12 group by 54.36%, 21.38%, 105.75%, respectively (EM>P/EM> <0.05). Conclusion IBA may effectively prevent and treat glucocorticoid induced loss of bone mass and str Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of the expression of estrogen receptors α and β with histopathology changes in the meibomian gland of the ovariectomized rat 2012, 43 (1):  103-108.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.020 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the correlation of the estrogen receptors α and β expression level with histopathology change in the meibomian gland of the ovariectomized rats. Methods Forty-eight adult female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: the normal control group (16 rats),the sham operated group(16 rats) and the ovariectomized group (16 rats). After 12 weeks, all rats were killed and the tarsus tissues were excised. Expression of ERα and ERβ of meibomian glands were studied with immunohistochemistry. Histology of the glands was observed under a light microscope and a transmission electron microscope.The estrogen level of blood serum was examined with radioimmunoassay. Results There was no significant difference of the ERα expression level between the ovariectomized group and the control group (EM>P /EM>>0.05). The ERβ expression level in the ovariectomized group was weaker than that of the control group (EM>P/EM> < 0.01). ERα/ ERβ expression ratio was 1.06 in the control group and 1.83 in the ovariectomized group. The light microscope examination showed that the tissue and structure of meibomian gland acinar were abnormal in shape, cell size was smaller,and acinars were atrophy in the ovariectomized group.Under the transmission electon microscope, the gland acinar epithelia cells of the basal meibomian gland were small size, and the nuclei appeared irregular or kidney-like in shape. Transitional cells became small, the fatty drop reduced, and the mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial cristae structural damage e.g., a vacuole or clouds changes, and a lot of medullary-like structure in the cytoplasm were existed in the ovariectomized group. Conclusion After ovariectomize Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of the adiponectin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with bone mineral density in females of Guangxi Zhuang nationality 2012, 43 (1):  109-113.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.021 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the correlation of the adiponectin (APN) gene 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms with bone mineral density(BMD) in Guangxi Zhuang nationality females. Methods A case-control study was carried out on 239 osteopnia patients(LBM group) and 83 matched controls(NBM group). Inclusion criteria,included the age of 47 to 74, Zhuang nationality, living in Baise more than 10 years, no history of taking drugs affecting bone metabolism. Exclusion criteria were secondary osteoporosis diseases affecting bone mineral density,and consanguinity. Genotypes for adiponectin gene 5 loci (rs1063539, rs12495941, rs266729,rs3774261 and rs710445) polymorphism were determined by Multiplex SNaPshot. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) for the right leg calcaneal was measured by French production of osteospace dry ultrasound bone densitometer. Results Only rs1063539, rs12495941, rs266729 and rs710445 polymorphisms were met with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (EM>P /EM>>0.05).Except that the distribution of rs3774261 in the control group did not meet with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (EM>P/EM> <0.05), the remaining site genotype frequencies in the normal group and the osteopnia group were met with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (EM>P/EM> >0.05). There was no significant difference in the genotype distributions of five locis polymorphism between LBM group and control group (EM>P/EM> >0.05). Among them, only rs1063539 genotypes in the control group and patient group were significantly different (EM>P/EM> = 0.003),and CG genotype in the control group was significantly less than the number of GG genotype （EM>P /EM><0.01）.After adjustments for age,weight, height,movement and body mass index, multivariate Logistic regression analyses revealed that only rs1063539 polymorphism remained significantly associated with low bone mass(LBM) (EM>P/EM> <0.01). The subjects with the combined CG genotype had higher risk of LBM compared with those with the GG genotype(adjusted EM>OR/EM>=3.210，95% EM>CI/EM>：1.631-6.137，EM>P /EM>=0.001). Polymorphism of rs1063539 was independently correlated with LBM at the calcaneal in Baise Zhuang female population. Conclusion APN gene exon 3 of rs1063539 polymorphism and BMD in Baise Zhuang nationality female have some relevance.The presence of the CG genotype may dominantly increase the risk of osteopenia. GG genotype has a protective effect of BMD.The data also suggest that the rs12495941, rs266729, rs3774 Related Articles | Metrics

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Physical characteristics of the Han people in Jiangxi 2012, 43 (1):  114-122.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-13562012.01.022 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore physical characteristics of urban adults and rural adults of Han in Fengcheng of Jiangxi province. Methods According to Martin’s Methods, Anthropometric Methods and Anthropomorphic handbook,eighty-six physical characteristics of 307 urban adults (151 males and 156 females) and 398 rural adults (203 males and 195 females) were investigated in Fengcheng of Jiangxi province in May 2010. Results The frequency of the eye fold of the upper eyelid was medium and the mongoloid fold was low. The height of the eye slits was medium,and a half of the subjects had the eye slit at a horizontal level. The highest frequency was the nasal root height of medium-type. The most of nasal profile was straight. A half of zygomatic projection was medium.The nasal base and the height of alae nasi were level and medium-type .The maximal diameter of nostrils was oblique position. The lobe types were mostly round. Hair color was black and eye color was mostly brown. The frequency of yellow skin color was close to light yellow.The highest rate of breadth of ala nais and upper lip skin height were medium-type. Thickness of lips was mainly mean. Some types of physical characteristics of both male and female belonged to brachycephaly type, hypsicephaly type, metriocephaly type, mesoprosopy type and mesorrhiny type. Urban males and females were of middle stature,and rural males and females were sub-middle stature. Rural males and females were length of trunk, medium distance between iliac crest, medium chest circumference, narrow shoulder breadth,and subbrachyskelic type. In addition, rural males had medium shoulder breadth and　mesatiskelic type. Rural females had medium shoulder breadth and subbrachyskelic type. Han of Jiangxi was close to South Asia ethnic group in head facial,body height and width of index (such as head length, width).The head type of face and body of the index of Han of Jiangxi were influenced by the North Asia ethnic group. Conclusion The results of cluster analysis show that the physical characteristics of Han in Jiangxi are most Related Articles | Metrics

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Somatotype of Han of Huaian in Jiangsu by using Heath-Carter method 2012, 43 (1):  123-129.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.023 Abstract ( )   Objective To analyze the somatotype of the adult of Han nationality of Huaian in Jiangsu. Methods The Heath-Carter somatotyping method was used to study the somatotype of 311 urban adults (157 males and 154 females) and 421 rural adults (213 males and 208 females) of Han in Huaian of Jiangsu province. Results 1. The mean somatotype for urban male was 5.3-5.1-1.5, for rural male 5.1-5.0-1.8. The mean somatotype for urban female was 6.3-4.6-1.4,for rural female 6.5-4.7-1.5. 2. The mean somatotype values of the urban and rural male represented the endomorph-mesomorph category. The mean somatotype values of the urban and rural female represented mesomorphic endomorph category. 3. With their age increasing, the values of endomorphy and the values of mesomorphy increased and decreased in sequence, while the values of ectomorphy decreased in males. The values of mesomorphy and the values of endomorphy increased, while the values of ectomorphy decreased in females. 4. There was significant decrease in males.The values of endomorphy mesomorphy increased, while the values of ectomorphy decreased in differences in the somatotypes between urban and rural samples in the same sex and age group, and Han adults of Shandong showed most significant differences between males and females. 5. The somatotype of Jiangsu adults was close to those of Han(Shandong) and Han(Sichuan). 6. The somatotype of Han of rural adults was close to those of Mongol, and it was stand off those of Zhuang nationality and Gelao. Conclusion The somatotype of Han adults in Jiangsu is close to north ethnic. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of somatotypes on 29 ethnic groups in China 2012, 43 (1):  130-134.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.024 Abstract ( )   Objective To analyze the characteristics of somatotypes of South Asian type, North Asian type and East Asian type, and to compare the main differences among them. Methods The characteristics of somatotypes among South Asian type, North Asian type and East Asian type in 29 Chinese Mongolian ethnic groups were compared by using the Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype. The reasons for differences of South Asian type were that North Asian type were analyzed by using principal component analysis. Results The male groups of North Asian type were endomorphic mesomorph and the South Asian types were balanced mesomorph, while the East Asian types differed greatly from each other.The female groups of North Asian types and the East Asian types were mesomorphic endomorph and the South Asian types were endomorphic mesomorph. The somatotypes of East Asian types were similar to North Asian types but were greatly different from South Asian types.Principal components analysis showed that the main differences between South and North of male groups lied first in ectomorphy and then in endomorphy.The differences between female groups of South and North were mainly on endomorphy. Conclusion The ethnic group of North Asian type is higher than South Asian type in endomorphy but lower in ectomorphy. Related Articles | Metrics

技术方法

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Establishment a closed femur fracture model with intramedullary nailing in mice 2012, 43 (1):  135-138.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.025 Abstract ( )   Objective To develop a closed femur fracture model in mice with intramedullary nailing fixation. Methods Twenty femurs of C57BL/6 mice were bisected in order to dentify anatomic characteristics. Totally 50 mice in 12-16 weeks old were used. A 0.2-mm guide wire was inserted into the intramedullary canal through a 0.45-mm stainless injection needle. After a closed diaphyseal fracture by an impact device was produced,a 0.45-mm stainless injection needle was pushed over the guide wire. The guide wire was then removed. The fractures were examined using X-ray and Safranin O- Fast Green stain. Results Thirty-two transverse fractures, 16 oblique fractures and 2 commuted fractures were created. Successful rate of the fracture model with transverse or short oblique fractures was 96%. The X-ray and histological examination confirmed that the fracture healing belonged to typical secondary fracture healing. Conclusion The intramedullary nailing is a safe and convenient method for establishing the closed femur fracture model in mice. The fracture model, which healing is typically endochondral ossification, can be reproducible and used in molecular and genetic study of fracture healing and bone metabolism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cell apoptosis mediated by the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein and its regulatory mechanism 2012, 43 (1):  139-144.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.01.026 Abstract ( )   Cell apoptosis is a complex and precise adjustment process, which involves numerous signal proteins. cAMP response element binding protein(CREB), a transcriptional regulation factor in eucaryotic cell, regulates the cell apoptosis through changing the intracellular signal transduction by its phosphorylation, which is a pop research in recent years. In this review, recent progress in studying the regulatory effects of transcription factor CREB on cell apoptosis is briefly summarized. Related Articles | Metrics