Table of Content

2011, Volume 42 Issue 5
06 October 2011 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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神经生物学
细胞和分子生物学
解剖学
组织学胚胎学与发育生物学
人类学
文献计量学


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神经生物学

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Increase of glutamate receptor interacting protein in the penumbra cortex of rats after transient ischemia and reperfusion 2011, 42 (5):  578-581.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.001 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the expression of glutamate receptor interacting protein (GRIP) after ischemia-reperfusion in the rat brain. Methods Seventy-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 ischemia-reperfusion groups and sham groups with 6 rats per group. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was achieved with the use of an intraluminal filament to occlude the left middle cerebral artery, and reperfused 2 hours later. At the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, 24th and 72th hour after reperfusion or sham operation, the rats from each group were decapitated. Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence were used to observe the distribution of GRIP in the cortex and also its relationship with glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2). Results Compared with the sham-operated group which showed few positive neurons, GRIP positive neurons increased obviously from 3 hours after ischemia-reperfusion in the ischemic penumbra cortex, mainly on the dendrites at the early stage and moved to the cell body lately. Double immunohistochemical staining showed that the GRIP positive cells were co-stained with GluR2 neurons. Conclusion GRIP increased and accelerated to transfer GluR2 to the membrane after ischemia-reperfusion which may protect the neurons in the penumbra zone from the AMPA receptor mediated excitotoxic injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Resveratrol regulates endogenous thiol antioxidants of the hippocampal in status epilepticus rat model 2011, 42 (5):  582-587.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.002 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the antioxidatition and mechanism of the resveratrol’s in status epilepticus（SE）rat model induced by treated with LiCl plus repeated low doses of pilocarpine. Methods Fifty-four SD rats were divided into three groups at random: control group, model group and treatment group. The rat SE model was established by injecting LiCl plus repeated low doses of pilocarpine into the abdominal cavity. Meanwhile, model rats were treated by injecting peritoneally resveratrol (30mg/kg). The concentration of the thiol antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and glutathione reductase (GR), were examined by the colorimetric method in the hippocampus. The protein expression of the Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Bax were measured using the immunohistochemistry and Western blotting technology. Results The SE model rats exhibited a significant decrease in the concentration of SOD, GSH, GSH-PX, GR and Bcl-2, while an increase in concentration of Bax, Caspase-3 and the number of positive cells compared to the control group ( P 0.05). After treatment of the resveratrol, the treatment group rats exhibited significant an increase in seizure latency. Resveratrol significantly upregulated the concentration of the thiol antioxidants (SOD, GSH, GSH-PX, GR) and increased the expression of the Bcl-2 and the number of the positive cells ( EM>P /EM>0.05), while decreasing the expression of Caspase-3, Bax and the number of the positive cells compared to model group ( EM>P/EM> 0.05). Conclusion Resveratrol may resist the oxidative damage induced by SE, and play a neuroprotective role in the hippocampus of the SE model rat by upregulating t Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Wnt inhibitor factor-1 in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis transgenic mice 2011, 42 (5):  588-593.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.003 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the change of Wnt inhibitor factor-1 (Wif-1) expression in the spinal cord of the adult amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) transgenic mice，in order to investigate the function of Wif-1 in the pathogenesis of ALS. Methods Some ALS transgenic mice and wild type mice were anesthetized deeply and then perfused intracardially with 4% paraformaldehyde at 95 days, 108 days and 122 days. The spinal cords were separated and sectioned. The distribution and change of Wif-1 in the spinal cords were detected by immunofluorescence labeling technology. Some animals were killed and the spinal cords were separated at 95days, 108 days and 122 days. The expression of Wif-1mRNA and Wif-1 protein in the spinal cords were detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting techniques. Results Wif-1 positive cells were detected in the central canal, gray matter and white matter of the adult spinal cord in ALS transgenic mice and wild type mice. Within the gray matter, most of the positive cells were located in the ventral horn. In the white matter, the positive reaction was detected in the neuron axon. Compared with the wild type mice, the Wif-1 positive cells were increased significantly in the ALS transgenic mice, the expression of Wif-1 mRNA and Wif-1 protein were increased at 108 days and 122 days, there were significant differences ( EM>P/EM> 0. 05), especially at 108 days. At 95 days, there was no significant difference. Conclusion Wif-1 positive cells and Wif-1 mRNA and protein expression were all significantly increased in the pathogenesis of ALS transgenic mice. The expression of Wif-1 was closely rel Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of death receptor 5 in proliferative neurons of mice 2011, 42 (5):  594-599.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.004 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the influence of death receptor 5 (DR5) in the proliferation of nerve cells. Methods Totally 100 mice from embryonic day (E)16 to postnatal day (P)180 were used in the study, brain tissues were visualized for DR5 expression and the relationship between DR5 and neuroproliferation by immunohistochemistry of the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), DR5, doublecortin antibody from embryonic period to adult mice. Results In embryonic and newborn mice, the DR5 positive cells were distributed in granular layer densely with very strong fluorescence. After P7, the number of DR5 positive cells decreased, and the cells with intensive fluorescence were mainly located in subgranular layer, however, the rest of granular cells showed weak fluorescence. After P30, only a few DR5 positive cells were found in subgranular layer, and the granule cells appeared without fluorescence. Similar results were also observed in other proliferative zones, such as P0 cerebellum (external granular zone) and P7 rostral migratory stream of olfactory bulb. All the cells in those proliferative zones usually were DR5 positive with intensive fluorescence. Its developmental trend and distribution suggested the DR5 positive cells were proliferative cells or young postmitotic neurons. The further experiments also showed the DR5 positive cells in subgranular layer were double-stained with BrdU immunolabeling or doublecortin immunolabeling, demonstrating the DR5 positive neurons were neuroprogenitor cells and newborn postmitotic neurons. Conclusion The neuroprogentor cells and newborn neurons are usually DR5 positive cells, suggesting DR5 is involved in neuroproliferation and differentiation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Transplantation of Nurr1 gene transfected neural stem cells for treatment of Parkinson’s disease 2011, 42 (5):  600-604.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.005 Abstract ( )   P>Objective To study the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) transfected with nuclear receptor related factor 1 (Nurr1) gene into dopaminergic neurons and its behavioral exertion after transplanted into the striatum of Parkinson’s disease (PD) rats. Methods The unilateral PD rats were prepared by the rat brain stereotaxic technology. The successful PD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 rats in each group. The rats in the sham group were injected with normal saline. Untransfected NSCs were grafted into the rats in NSCs group. In Nurr1group, the recombinant pEGFP-N1-Nurr1 was transfected into NSCs first, the expression of Nurr1 gene was detected by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence, and then the NSCs were transplanted. Cells were labeled with DIL and transplanted into the right striatum of PD rats. Apomorphine-induced rotation test was performed to observe the behaviour amelioration 2 weeks after transplantation. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was detected by immunofluorescence labeling 12 weeks later. Results Nurr1 gene was overexpressed in NSCs after transfected with recombinant plasmid. After transplantation, the rotations of PD rats did not decrease obviously in sham and NSCs groups ( P ＞0.05). DIL positive cells were observed in NSCs group, but TH positive neurons were few with (3.21±0.40) cells per field. In Nurr1 group, the rotations of PD rats began to decrease by the sixth week after transplantation, and the DIL/TH doublelabeled neurons reached (9.28±1.09) cells per field in the transplanted area. Conclusion Overexpression of Nurr1 may induce the differentiation of NSCs into TH positive dopaminergic neu Related Articles | Metrics

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Altered expression of serotonin and serotonin transporter in Parkinsonian rats induced by rotenone 2011, 42 (5):  605-609.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.006 Abstract ( )   Objective To study whether the expression of serotonin (5-HT) and serotonin transporter (SERT) in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and caudate putamen (CPu) are altered in Parkinsonian rats induced by rotenone. Methods Forty-two healthy, adult male Wistar rats were divided into the rotenone-treated (21 rats) and the control (21 rats) groups. Rotenone was injected subcutaneously in the back of the rat to establish a Pakinsonian model. Immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to analyze the expression of 5-HT and SERT in the brains of the rats treated by rotenone. Results 1. Immunocytochemistry showed that the number of 5-HT immunoreative positive neurons in DRN was less in rotenone treated rats than in the control (EM>P/EM><0.01), the immunoreactive intensity of 5-HT in DRN and CPu was weaker in the rotenone treated rat than in the control (EM>P/EM><0.01); Flow cytometry showed that the expression of 5-HT in the rotenone treated rats decreased significantly compared to the control (EM>P/EM><0.01). 2. Immunocytochemistry showed the immunoreactive intensity of SERT in CPu was weaker in the rotenone treated rat than that in the control (EM>P/EM><0.01); Western blotting showed the ratio of SERT/β-actin in the rotenone treated rat was lower than in the control (EM>P/EM><0.05). Conclusion Rotenone bears obvious toxicity to serotone Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of neurogenic differentiation factor in the brain of transient hypoxia postnatal rats 2011, 42 (5):  610-613.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.007 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the effects of transient hypoxia in the brain on the expression level of neurogenic differentiation factor (NeuroD). Methods The model was established as previously described by Grojean. Briefly, newborn rats were transiently exposed to 100% NSUB>2/SUB>.Thirty-three rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, 10min hypoxia group and 20min hypoxia group. The expression level of NeuroD in a rat brain was determined with Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Results Immunofluorescence analysis showed that NeuroD was expressed in the cerebral cortex and dentate gyrus. Western blotting analysis demonstrated a significant upregulation in the NeuroD expression with the time after hypoxia. The expression of NeuroD significantly increased in the 10min hypoxia group compared to the control group ( EM>P/EM> <0.01), with the highest expression level being seen in the 20min hypoxia group (compared to 10min hypoxia, EM> P/EM> <0.01). BR> Conclusion Transient hypoxia induces the up-regulation of NeuroD, which was found to express mainly in neural stem /progenitor cells rich areas, i Related Articles | Metrics

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Neural reflex pathway from cervical spinal ganglia to cervical sympathetic ganglia: an EM>in vivo/EM> retrograde labeling in the rabbit 2011, 42 (5):  614-617.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.008 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the neural connections between cervical sympathetic ganglia and cervical spinal ganglia, and explore the neuroanatomical basis of the pathogenesis of cervical vertigo. Methods New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into superior, inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia and control groups. Fluoro-gold (FG) or normal saline was injected into the superior or inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia. At 4 or 8 days after injection, the bilateral spinal ganglia were removed, cryo-sectioned and observed under a fluorescence microscope. Results FG labeled neurons were found in the ipsilateral CSUB>2/SUB> -CSUB>5/SUB> spinal ganglia and more FG labeled neurons were observed in CSUB>3/SUB> and CSUB>4/SUB> spinal ganglia in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia group. In the inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia group, there were FG labeled neurons in the CSUB>5/SUB> -CSUB>8/SUB> spinal ganglia and more FG labeled neurons were found in CSUB>6/SUB> and CSUB>7/SUB> spinal ganglia. Conclusion Neural reflex arch between cervical spinal and cervical sympathetic ganglia was found, which may provide an important neuroanatomical basis for the cervical vertigo. Related Articles | Metrics

细胞和分子生物学

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Effects of hyperglycemia on the CaSUP>2+/SUP> oscillation of mouse oocytes and expression of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand of granulosa cells 2011, 42 (5):  618-621.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.009 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the effects of hyperglycemia on CaSUP>2+/SUP> oscillation of mouse preovulatory oocytes and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand(TRAIL) in granulosa cells. Methods Twenty day old female mice were used to make a hyperplycemia model with streptozocin. Both diabetic and normal agematched control mice received superovulation treatment with 10IU of pregnant mares srum gonadatropin(PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG). CaSUP>2+/SUP> oscillation of germinal vesicle(GV)stage oocytes collected after hCG injection (0 hours, 2 hours, 6 hours and 10 hours) were recorded with two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). The expression of TRAIL in cumulus oocyte complesx(COC) was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting at 6 hour and 10 hour after hCG injection. Results 1.Faster CaSUP>2+/SUP>oscillation frequency was observed in the oocytes from the hyperglycemia group at 2 hours and 6 hours intervals ( EM>P/EM> <0.05); 2.Intensities for TRAIL positive immunofluorescence reactions and Western blotting staining intensities were stronger in the hyperglycemia groups than that in the control groups at the intervals of 6 hours and 10 hours( EM>P /EM><0.05),respectively. Conclusion Hyperglycemia increased CaSUP>2+/SUP> oscillation frequency of mouse preovulatory oocytes; Hyperglycemia increased express Related Articles | Metrics

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IFN-γ inducing ICAM-1 and IFN-γRα expression in cultured rat intestinal mucosa microvascular endothelial cells 2011, 42 (5):  622-629.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.010 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the influences of interferon-γ(IFN-γ) on the intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and IFN-γRα expression in the cultured rat intestinal mucosa microvascular endothelial cells (RIMMVECs). Methods After the RIMMVECs separation culture, IFN-γ in different doses were used to induce the EM>in vitro/EM> cultured RIMMVECs, ICAM-1 and IFN-γRα expression in the cultured RIMMVECs at both the mRNA and protein levels which were detected by realtime PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. Results The results showed that RIMMVECs were activated by IFN-γ at the concentrations of 20μg/L and 40 μg/L. ICAM-1 expression increased in the activated RIMMVECs at both mRNA and protein levels, reaching peak effects at 6 hours; IFN-γRα mRNA expression was increased, but the protein decreased after stimulation by 20 μg/L; IFN-γRα mRNA expression peaked at 2 hours and then decreased after 6 hours when stimulated by Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone morphogenetic protein 2 inducing P19 cells differentiating into cardiomyocyte-like cells EM>in vitro/EM> 2011, 42 (5):  630-634.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.011 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the process of cell aggregation and myocardium differentiation after the P19 cells treated with the bone morphogenetic protein 2（BMP-2）. Methods P19 cells were cultivated with BMP-2 in suspension for 4 days in dishes containing a thin layer of soft agar to form cell aggregation.The aggregates were plated on gelatin-coated culture dishes, and cultured without BMP-2 for 19 days. The cultured cells were observed using a phase-contrast microscope. Immunohistochemical technique and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) were used to examine the expression of α-sarcomeric actin and cardiac-specific troponin T(C-TnT) protein. The induced cells were evaluated using a transmission electron microscope. Results Cell masses appeared after P19 cells were suspension cultured with BMP-2 for 24 hours and then globular cell masses grew into a embryonic body(EBs) after 4 days. After the aggregates were plated on gelatin-coated culture dishes, the EBs were attached regular and the core was observed to be darker and had a higher cell density. After the EBs were attached for 8 hours, cells grew from the border of the EB and formed monolayered peripheral outgrowth. Central cells were undifferentiated cells, which were multilayered,smaller and had a higher nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and grew faster. Some cells in the peripheral outgrowth became elongated, larger and radial at day 11 and expressed α-sarcomeric actin and C-TnT protein by day 19.Immunofluorescence double staining revealed that α-sarcomeric actin and C-TnT protein co-expressed in the cytoplasm. Under the transmission electron microscope, the differentiated cells derived from Pl9 cells had a single orbicularovate cell nucleus and plenty of cell organs, including chondriosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome. Paralleled myofilaments were seen in the cytoplasma or beside the edge of membrane. Conclusion The combination of B Related Articles | Metrics

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Protection effects and mechanism of 17β-estradiol in high homocysteine induced injury of human osteosarcoma MG63 cells EM>in vitro/EM> 2011, 42 (5):  635-639.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.012 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the protection effects and molecular mechanisms of 17β-estradiol (17β-ESUB>2/SUB>) in high homocysteine (HHcy) induced injury of human osteosarcoma MG63 cells EM>in vitro/EM>. Methods Human osteosarcoma MG63 cells cultured EM>in vitro/EM> were treated with HHcy in different concentrations at different time after 17β-estradiol intervention treatment. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS ) were detected with a 2′,7′-dichloro-fluorescin diacetate probe (HSUB>2 /SUB>DCFDA ). The apoptotic and necrotic cells were determined by double nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342/PI. The expression levels of Caspase-3 and Bax were measured with Western blotting. Results 1.17β-ESUB>2/SUB>significantly suppressed the HHcy induced production of ROS in MG63 cells and the extent of suppression was positively associated with the dose and time. 2.17β-ESUB>2/SUB> significantly prevented MG63 cells from apoptosis or necrosis induced by HHcy and down-regulated t Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of germ cell nuclear factorEM> in vitro/EM> differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells 2011, 42 (5):  640-643.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.013 Abstract ( )   Objective To culture the mouse spermatogonium stem cells(SSCs) then separated and purified,to induce them differentiation EM>in vitro/EM>, and to detect the germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) expression of mouse SSCs before and after induction. Methods Stem cell factor(SCF) were used to induce spermatogonia to differentiate into the sperma tocytes.The immnofluorescence staining and RT-PCR techniques were uesd in present studies in order to detect GCNF expression before and after differentiation of mouse SSCs. Results SSCs to spermatocytes in mice before and after differentiation were observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope, the cells did not change significantly, they still had a round or oval nucleus that was relatively large; indirect immunofluorescence and RT-PCR results were showed that primary cultured mouse SSCs were GCNF negative, but the 2 days later the spermatocyte (after the induction of differentiation) GCNF began to express. BR> Conclusion The mouse spermatogonium stem cells during the in vitroEM> culture and differentiation process were able to express GCNF./EM>The studies showed that GCNF might be involved in the early differentiation of spermatogonium stem cells. BR> Related Articles | Metrics

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rhG-CSF promoting the proliferation of neural stem cellsEM>in vitro/EM> 2011, 42 (5):  644-648.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.014 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate whether granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has a direct effect on the proliferation of mouse neural stem cells EM>in vitro/EM>. Methods Primary mouse neural stem cells(NSCs) were isolated from Kunming mice and cultured in serum free medium. The third passage NSCs were used in the experiments. NSCs were treated with G-CSF (10, 30, 60, 100, and 200μg/L). The proliferation of NSCs was detected by MTT colorimetric assay and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay. The expressions of STAT3 and p-STAT3 were examined by Western blotting. Results There was the expression of G-CSF receptor on the neural stem cells. G-CSF obviously improved the viabilities of NSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, 100μg/L G-CSF yielded the optimal effect. The BrdU-positive cells against total NSCs treated with G-CSF were markedly enhanced. Time course experiments demonstrated that STAT3 phosphorylation by G-CSF was evident after 5 minutes, reaching the maximum after 30 minutes. At 75 minutes, the effect on STAT3 returned to the basal value. Pretreatment with the G-CSF receptor antibody significantly reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by G-CSF. BrdU incorporation showed that cell proliferation in the presence of G-CSF and neutralizing antibody for G-CSF receptor was similar to that of the reduced growth medium group. Conclusion G-CSF may stimulate the proliferation of NSCs EM>in vitro/EM>. Our results provide the cellular basis of the role of G-CSF in NSCs EM>in vitro/EM>, which may serve as a useful reference for future studies of the powerful neuroprotective effect of Related Articles | Metrics

解剖学

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Anatomy and clinics of the retrograde acetabulum anterior column screw percutaneously 2011, 42 (5):  649-652.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.015 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the optimization technique for computer aided measurement and provide anatomical data for the retrograde acetabulum anterior column screw percutaneously. Methods Forty pelvic model data were collected by CT scan and then reconstructed in 3-D. The optimization objective function for the single screw fixation was set, the optimal placement was accumulated under constraint conditions. The new anatomical reference marks were designed after the statistics were analyzed. Results The percutaneous retrograde anterior column acetabular screws entrance point lies in the superior ramus of pubis, pubic tubercle and the midpoint iliopubic uplift of the obturator crest. The out point is between the anterior superior iliac spine from top to bottom notch and above the midpoint of the greater sciatic notch. The connection of the two points is the longitudinal axis of the anterior column acetabular, which is parallel with the arcuate line. Its direction connected with the anterior inferior iliac spine was (42.84 ± 2.61) ° and with Iliac was (31.96 ± 2.58) °. Length of the screw in bone was (101.12 ± 7.28) mm. Conclusion The automatic optimization technique for computer aided measurement is very efficient and has many advantages over the conventional manual dissection methods, it is convenient to design an anatomical reference landmark system and formulate a surgical plan Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstruction of fibers of splenium corporis callosi in children by diffusion tensor tractography 2011, 42 (5):  653-656.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.016 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the development of splenium corporis callosi in children. Methods One hundred and twenty healthy children (5 days-14 years) were classified into five groups: group 1 (≤1 year old), group 2 (＞1-3 years old), group 3 (＞3-6 years old), group 4 (＞6-10 years old) and group 5 (＞10-14 years old), and underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Fibers were reconstructed through raw data by diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) and were analyzed statistically. Results The density of fibers of splenium corporis callosi in young children, school age children and adolescence period children were 432 (256-512), 580 (355-710) and 754 (580-900) respe Related Articles | Metrics

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True colors volume reconstruction of serial sections of rat embryo hypothalamus and pituitary region 2011, 42 (5):  657-660.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.017 Abstract ( )   Objective To examine the three dimensional shape and position relation of the hypothalamus and the pituitary in a 14.5 embryonic day rat by using true color reconstruction. Methods After obtaining the image database of serial sections of a rat embryo and mixing color channels with luminance channel in the software, we observed the reconstruction result of the region of hypothalamus and pituitary. Results The structure position relation in this region was freely observed in the true color reconstruction result due to the real HE stain color and transparence of no tissue region. Conclusion For the structures with complicated spatial position, the true color volume rendering may faciliate the recognization and be consistent with the observing custom. Related Articles | Metrics

组织学胚胎学与发育生物学

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Expressions of histone H3K9 methylation modified enzymes in the liver of two-week,four-week and six-week old mice 2011, 42 (5):  661-665.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.018 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the expressions of H3K9 methyltransferases(KMTs) and demethylases(KDMs) in the liver of different aged mice. Methods Two-week, four-week and six-week old mice were killed and their liver tissues collected. Both mRNA and protein from the mice liver were extracted using Trizol kit and sonicated method respectively. Reverse transcription-quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed for mRNA expressions of several kinds of H3K9 methyltransferases and demethylases.The levels of H3K9 demethylases KDM3A and KDM4B proteins were determined using Western blotting. Results The mRNA expressions of several KMTs(including KMT1C, KMT1E and PRDM2 ) and KDMs(including KDM3A, KDM3B, KDM4A and KDM4B) were obviously different in the different developmental stages of a mouse’s liver( EM>P/EM> 0.05, EM>n/EM>=5).The levels of KDM3A and KDM4B proteins in the mice liver were also distinct, and both proteins in six-week old mice were lower than those in two-week and four-week old mice ( EM>P/EM> 0.05,EM>n/EM>=3). Conclusion The H3K9 methylation status of specific gene loci may be closely associat Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of histone deacetylase 1 during bronchial regeneration in the human 2011, 42 (5):  666-669.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.019 Abstract ( )   P>Objective To determine the expression and changes of histone deacetylase 1(HDAC1) during human bronchial regeneration after injury and to explore the molecular mechanisms in proliferation and differentiation of the bronchial stem cells. Methods The isolated human bronchial epithelium was injured by 5\|fluorouracil(5-FU). HDAC1 expression in bronchial epithelium during the process of regeneration was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results 1.At 0 hour after 5-FU treatment, the bronchial epithelium shed and the expression of HDAC1 was negative. During 3-6 hours after the removal of 5-FU,the bronchial rings were covered with flattened epithelial cells and a few of the epithelial cells were HDAC1 positive. At the 12th hour, the epithelial cells were cuboidal and merged into pieces. The number of the HDAC1 positive cells increased obviously and a few HDAC1 positive cells were around one negative cell. At the 24th hour, the epithelial cells continued to increase and became stratified,HDAC1 was in top expression throughout all layers at this time; At the 48th hour, the epithelium restored similar to the pseudostratified structure,HDAC1 decreased slightly; The expression of HDAC1 was negative in normal bronchial epithelium. 2.Western blotting analysis showed that there were different HDAC1 levels at different times after the removal of 5-FU which in accordance with the change of immunohistochemistry. Conclusion With more differentiating cells appeared, more HDAC1 positive cells were observed, suggesting that HDAC1 can function as a molecular switch of bronchial epithelial stem cells fom proliferation to differentiation./P> Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphology and the expression of connexin 43 and 40 in bundles of transition cells in the adult atrioventricular junction 2011, 42 (5):  670-674.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.020 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the morphological feature and the expression of connexin(Cx)43 and Cx40 in the common arrhythmogenesis and radiofrequency ablation(RFA) region, the atrioventricular junction and its surrounding area, in order to provide the morphological basis for understanding the mechanism of arrhythmogenesis and possible sites for therapy. Methods Ten fresh normal adult hearts were used in this study. The specimens containing the atrioventricular node(AVN) was harvested, embedded in paraffin and sectioned. The sections were stained with HE, Masson staining. Expression of Cx43 and Cx40 was examined by immunohistochemistry and image analysis. Results There were the bundles of transition cells at cavotricuspid isthmus, around the opening and distal end of coronary sinus, at the annulus fibrosus of bicuspid valve, and at the central fibrous body(CFB) near the annulus of right atrium upper-valve muscles. The bundles connected between the AVN and posterior node extension(PNE) in different directions. The transition cells were different from ordinary cardial muscle cells in the cell component, assignment, course and association of fibers. The distribution of Cx43 and Cx40 in bundles14 of transition cells and annulus of right atrium uppervavle muscles was limited in a small area. Expression of Cx43 and 40 was widely present in the transition cells of left atrium close to the membranous part of interventricular septum and extensively localized at cavo-tricuspid isthmus. Conclusion Dual atrioventricular(AV) nodal pathways(DAVNP) and multiple AV nodal pathways(TAVNP) are at and nearby the atrioventricular junction. And they are coherent with the target spots using in radiofrequency ablation to treat arrhythmia, which may indicate a new potential radiofrequency ablation site wher Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of blocking the thoracic duct on the liver tissues of the rabbit 2011, 42 (5):  675-679.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.021 Abstract ( )   Objective To determine effects of blocking the thoracic duct on the liver tissues. Methods Thirty ten-month-old rabbits were selected and randomly divided into the model （20） and control group（10）. Animal model was established by ligating the thoracic duct at the crura of the diaphragm for six months. The liver tissues were embedded in paraffin, sectioned, stained with HE and observed under a light microscope (LM). Some tissues were prepared as the ultra\|sections and observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Before and after the models had been established for 6 months, the blood was sampled from the femoral vein for examining the liver functions. Results There was a markedly increase in concentration of total bilirubin(TBil), direct bilirubin(DBil), ALT, AST and a decrease in enzyme activity of albumin ( EM>P /EM><0.05) in the model rabbit. Large lipids were found in the liver of the model group after establishing the animal models for six months. The structures of liver tissues was damaged, the focus, traps and hepatic lobule were present but the phony lobules were not found. TEM examination showed that in the model group lipid droplets in different sizes were seen in the cytoplasm, and were heaped together. Some lipid droplets extruded the nucleus; a large number of collagen fibers were seen between the liver cells. Conclusion The ligation of the thoracic duct can result in the change Related Articles | Metrics

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Co-expression of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ in the adult rat myocardium 2011, 42 (5):  680-683.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.022 Abstract ( )   Objective To define the relation ship between the histological architecture and the proportion of collagen Ⅰand Ⅲ in the rat myocardium. Methods Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence double labeling and Western blotting were used for studying construction characteristics of collagen Ⅰand Ⅲ in 10 adult rat hearts. Collagen Ⅰand Ⅲ were quantified by image analysis system. Results Collagen Ⅰ formed mainly thick fibers which were mainly distributed around bundles of myocardial cell and tunica adventitia of cardiac vessels, whereas collagen Ⅲ formed thin collagen fibers which were around bundles myocardial cells and tunica adventitia of the vessels. However, both thick and thin collagen fibers contained various proportions of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Conclusion The Collagen network in the rat heart was composed of thick and th Related Articles | Metrics

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Association of neural crest cells and ISL-1 positive cells with the development of the outflow tract of the mouse embryonic heart 2011, 42 (5):  684-689.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.023 Abstract ( )   P>Objective To explore the relationship between migrating neural crest cells expressing cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1(CRABP1) and islet 1（ISL-1）positive cardiac progenitor cells and the development of the outflow tract (OFT) of the mouse embryonic heart. Methods Serial sections of thirty-six mouse embryonic hearts from embryonic 8.5 days (E8.5d) to E13d were stained immunohistochemically or immunofluorescently with antibodies against α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), myosin heavy chain (MHC), ISL-1, CRABP1 and phosphorylated histone H3 (PHH3). Results From E8.5d to E10d, ISL-1 positive cardiac progenitor cells were sequentially detected in the mesenchyme of the dorsal mesocardium, the mesenchyme surrounding the primary pharynx, the craniofacial mesenchyme and core mesenchyme in the branchial arches as well as the splanchnic mesoderm dorsal to the pericardial cavity that constituted second heart field (SHF) for the development of OFT of heart tube. From E11d to E13d, ISL-1 positive cells ventral to the pharynx formed a cone-shaped structure from which ISL-1 positive cells extended towards the developing intrapericardial aorta, pulmonary trunk and aorto-pulmonary septum (AP septum). CRABP1 positive neural crest cells were interspersed among the ISL-1 positive cells at early stages. A few CRABP1 and ISL-1 double-positive cells were found at the distal pole of the OFT. At E10d, CRABP1 positive cells were uniquely distributed surrounding the ISL-1 positive core mesenchyme in branchial arches. Thereafter, the gradual disappearance of CRABP1 expression in the wall of aortic arch and other regions was followed by expression of α-SMA. Conclusion The ISL-1 positive SHF is a dynamic structure where myocardial cells are gradually added to the arterial pole of the heart tube under the cooperation of neural crest cells during E8.d-10d.After E11d, SHF is involved in the development of the smooth muscle cells in the wall Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of developmental stages of tetraploid embryos on mouse chimeras from embryonic stem cells 2011, 42 (5):  690-694.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.024 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effects of developmental stages of tetraploid embryos on mouse chimeras from embryonic stem cells (ES). Methods Tetraploid embryo complementation and microinjection were utilized to produce ES mice that derived completely from ES cells. Tetraploid embryos were firstly prepared by electrofusion of 2-cell mouse embryos, and then embryonic stem (ES) cells with different genetic background (hybrid or inbred) were injected into tetraploid 1-cell, 4-cell, and blastocyst stage embryos. The injected embryos were transferred into uterine horns of pseudopregnant 2.5days female CD1 mice. The CD1 mice were subjected into cesarean sections after 16 days. Results Our data showed that 92.45% of 2-cell embryos were electrofused, 93.51% and 90.42% of the electrofused embryos developed to 4cell and blastocyst stages, respectively. Blastocysts were injected with hybrid ES cells and 22 ES mice were obtained by Cesarean section. Blastocyst was more effective than 1-cell and 4-cell. ES mice had normal germline transmission capability and the same coat color as the hybrid mice which hybrid ES cells were drived from. Conclusion The tetraploid embryo developmental stage is able to affect the ES mou Related Articles | Metrics

人类学

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Physical characteristics of Han in Sichuan 2011, 42 (5):  695-702.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.025 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the somatotype characteristic of urban and rural Han in Sichuan Ziyang. Methods Using the methods described in Martin’s EM>Anthropometric Methods/EM> andEM> Anthropomorphic handbook/EM>, 86 physique targets of 342 adult males (137 urban males and 205 rural males) and 357 adult females (151 urban females and 206 rural females) in Sichuan province Ziyang area Jianyang were investigated, Thirty\|five physique indices were calculated and an index minute situation was counted. The data were compared with our country tribal grouping tribal group material. The physique characteristics of the Han in Sichuan were preliminarily analyzed. Results The Han in Sichuan(male and female)had the high percent of eyefold of the upper eyelid, the triangular lobe types, the black hair color, the brown eye color, the yellow skin color, the narrow opening height of eyeslits, the medium nasal root height and height of alae nasi, the straight nasal profile, the low rate of zygomatic projection, the snubby nasal base, the diagonal maximal diameter of nostrils and the medium upper lip skin height, which had the low percent of mongoloid fold and the thick thickness of lips. The ectocanthion was advanced to endocanthion.The Nasal breadth was advanced to interocular breadth. According to the average index of head and face, the males and females of Han in Sichuan were brachycephaly, hypsicephalic, metriocephalic, hyperleptoprosopy, leptorrhiny, long trunk, subbrachyskelic, broad shoulder breadth and broad distance between iliac crests. The males were medium chest circumference,and females were broad chest circumference. The males had the mesosoma in urban of Han. The males and females in the rural and the females in the urban had the submesosoma of Han. Conclusion The index and target of head and face of Han in Sichuan receive the joint influences of the ethnic groups of the South Asian type and the North Asian type. The target of body is close to the ethnic groups of the North Asian type, the index of body is between the ethnic groups of the North Asian type and the ethnic groups of the Sou Related Articles | Metrics

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Fingerprint pattern and white line of the depression patients 2011, 42 (5):  703-706.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.026 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the fingerprint characteristics of patients with depression. Methods Using anthropometry, the frequency of fingerprint pattern and white line of 202 patients with depression (140 females, 62 males) and 310 normal people (231 females, 79 males) of Tianjin Han people were compared and analyzed. Results The patients with depression had a higher frequency of simple whorl(wSUP>s/SUP>) in both hands than the normal group（ EM>P /EM>0.001）. The frequency of 6 or more wSUP>s/SUP> in the depression group was higher than that of the control group（ EM>P /EM>0.01）. The frequency of the radial loop and tented arch in the depression group was obviously higher than that of the normal, where as the frequency of the ulner loop and double loop whorl was obviously less than that of the normal group. The digital frequencies of the white line of fingerprints on each finger of female patients in depression were obviously higher than that of the control ( EM>P /EM><0.001), of the male the frequencies were also higher than that of the controls, but there were significant differences in the middle finger, ring finger and little finger（EM> P/EM> 0.05）. Conclusion Related Articles | Metrics

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Somatotype of Han in urban areas of Shanxi province 2011, 42 (5):  707-712.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.027 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the somatotype of Han in urban areas of Shanxi province. Methods The somatotype of 303 urban adults (150males and 153 females) of Han in county of Shanxi province is studied using the Heath-Carter somatotyping method. Results The mean somatotype values of the male and female were 4.9-5.8-1.8 and 6.0-6.0-1.2 in city districts respectively, which represented the endomorphic mesomorph category in the male and endomorphmesomorph category in the female. The tops of Somatotypes frequency were endomorphic mesomorph category, endomorphmesomorph category and mesomorph endomorphic category. Compared with distribution phase somatotype of male, the female’s distribution phase somatotype was more concentrate. Urban males endomorphy reached the highest value in 40 to 49 age group, mesmorphy reached the highest value in 30 to 39 age group, ectomorphy reached the highest value in 20 to 29 age group.City females the of Endomorph and Mesomorph increased with age,reached the highest value in over 60 age group, Ectomorph reached the highest value in 20 to 29 age group. The somatotype of urban males was close to those of Uzbek, Ewenki, Canadian and Eskimos,far away from Zhuang,Mulao,Dong,Nu. The somatotype of urban females was close to those of Uzbek, Ewenki, Monggol,Eskimos,and far away from Zhuang,Gelao nationality and Mulao.Conclusion The somatotype Related Articles | Metrics

文献计量学

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Bibliometric analysis of global circulating tumor cell research trends based on Web of Science 2011, 42 (5):  713-720.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.05.028 Abstract ( )   Objective To accurately grasp the situation of international research in the field on the CTC. To provide reference for selecting leading-edge technology, we performed bibliometrics analysis on the international literature about circulating tumor cells. Methods Based on Web of Science, with the aid of CiteSpace software, using multiple bibliometrics analysis approaches including data visualization analysis, co-ocurrence analysis, citation analysis and burst detection, the literature distribution characteristics of CTC, the core literature, research hotspots and frontiers were analyzed. Results Totally 861 CTC related articles and 28 132 citation articles were obtained in Web of Science. CTC research in the field has developed rapidly in recent years and has gradually become a hot spot of cancer research. The united states has an absolute advantage in the CTC area, China is ranked fourth, but there is still a large gap between China and the United States, Germany and Japan. The study also found 20 CTC core literatures, determined the current CTC’s main research focus and research frontiers. Conclusion China needs to further strengthen its CTC’s research, especially on the key issues in translational clinical research and provide supports fo Related Articles | Metrics