Table of Content

2011, Volume 42 Issue 4
06 August 2011 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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神经生物学
细胞分子生物学
解剖学
组织学胚胎学与发育生物学
人类学
生物工程学
医学教育


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神经生物学

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Effect of high iron on the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 in the cerebral cortex of rats 2011, 42 (4):  435-440.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.001 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effects of iron on the expression and regulation of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) that may play an important role in the physiological brain iron metabolism. Methods Both the contents of ferric and ferrous iron as well as DMT1 (+IRE) and DMT1 (-IRE) protein expression were evaluated with iron histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in cerebral cortex (CC) after intracerebroventricular injection (ICV) of 500μg iron dextran/day for 3 or 7 days (each group contained 6 rats). Results Iron histochemistry results showed that both the ferric and ferrous iron levels in CC were altered obviously after ICV for 7 days. Immunohistochemistry results indicated that the expression of DMT1 (+IRE) in CC was not altered significantly after 3 days of ICV. Whereas the expression of DMT1 (+IRE) was increased significantly after 7 days of ICV when ferrous iron was increased significantly. Contrary to that of DMT1 (+IRE) expression in the same region, there were no significant alterations in DMT1 (-IRE) expression in CC in spite of the existence of the altered brain iron levels, compared with that of control groups. Conclusion These data demonstrate that DMT1 (+IRE) expression is correlated primarily with brain iron levels; especially, its regulation is correlated positively with iron (ferrous iron) in adult rat CC, compared with those of saline-injected control rats.The effect of iron on the different isoforms of DMT1 expression may be different in different brain regions, but further investigations are needed to clarify these issues. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protection of melatonin on learning and memory and neurons in the hippocampal CA3 area of Alzheimer’s disease model rats 2011, 42 (4):  441-445.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.002 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the behavior abilities and morphological changes of neurons in the hippocampal CA3 area of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats induced by β-myloid protein (Aβ)SUB>1-40/SUB> and observe the effect of melatonin on the AD model rats. Methods A total of 60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the normal control group，the AD model group and the Melatonin treat group. The AD model rats were established by microinjection of AβSUB>1-40/SUB> solution into right hippocampal CA1 area. Melatonin (10mg/kgI>&#/I>8226;d) was injected into the abdominal cavity in the melatonin treat group for seven days, and an identical volume saline was given for the AD model group and the normal control group. The learning and memory abilities were detected by Y-maze after seven days. Then, the colorimetric method was used to detect the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Caspase-3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunopositive cells in the hippocampal CA3 area were observed under a light microscope, and quantitative analysis was performed by cell morphometric technique. The ultramicrostructures of the neurons were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results Compared with the AD model group, the learning and memory abilities of the melatonin treat group were obviously improved and the ChAT activity was significantly increased (EM>P/EM><0.05), but the quantity of Caspase-3 and GFAP-immunopositive neurons were decreased (EM>P/EM><0.05). The average absorbance of GFAP-positive cells was significantly decreased (EM>P/EM><0.05). Under TEM, the neurons in the hippocampal CA3 area of the normal control group had moderately electron density, regular nucleus and perinuclear membrane, chromoplasm distributed evenly and abundant cell organelles, but the neurons of the AD model groups were showed shrinkage nucleus, widen perinuclear, aggregated allochromacy and apoptosis changes. The neuronic pathological lesion of the melatonin treat group had lessened than that of the AD model group, some of them had distinct neuronal structure and abundant cell organelles. Conclusion Melatonin could efficiently improve the behavior abilities and decrease the pathological lesion of hippocampus of th Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of p53 and its relationship with PI3K/Akt signal pathway in subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice cortex 2011, 42 (4):  446-450.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.003 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the expression of p53 protein and its relationship with the PI3K/Akt signal pathway in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods SAH was induced in mice by puncture of internal carotid artety. Seventy-two male mice were randomly divided into sham group, SAH group, LY (SAH+LY294002) group. The animals were sacrified at 0, the 3rd, the 6th, the 9th, the 12th and the 24th hour, to observe the expression of p53 and p-Akt in the brain with immunohistochemisty and Western blotting. The morphological changes of the neurons were studied by light microscope. RT-PCR was preformed for detecting the expression change of p53 and p-Akt mRNA. Results Neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region after SAH showed typical apoptotic features under light microscope. The expression of p53 and p-Akt protein was higher in SAH group than in sham group. Compared with SAH group, the expression of p-Akt decreased while the p53 was increased with the extension of time in LY group. Conclusion p53 and p-Akt are increased in cerebral cortex of mice after SAH. PI3K/Akt signal pathway could protect the brain neurons by modulating the p53 expression, which could induce the cell apoptosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effect of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury 2011, 42 (4):  451-455.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.004 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan（L-NAT） in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. Methods The ischemia/hypoxia injury models were made in 90 pups of seven days old gerbil.The death of neurons was evaluated by Fluoro-Jade B（FJB）staining and the activations of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting. Results Our results showed that L-NAT treatment decreased the number of FJB positive cells after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. And L-NAT also inhibited the expressions of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. Conclusion Our work demonstrated that L-NAT had Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression changes of RARα/β and β-catenin in mouse neural tube defects induced by retinoic acid 2011, 42 (4):  457-460.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.005 Abstract ( )   Objective To analysis the relationship between the expression of retinoic acid receptor α/β (RARα/β) and β-catenin genes and the neural tube defects(NTDs) induced by retinoic acid (RA) in Kunming (KM) mouse.Methods One hundred KM mice were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The expression of β-catenin mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. Western blotting was used to detecte the protein expression of RARα/β and β-catenin. Results RA treatment resulted in a decreased expression of RARα /β at the 18th, the 42th hour (P<0.01) and an increased expression of RARβ at the 66th, the 90th hour (EM>P/EM><0.05) after treatment. No significant difference in RARα protein was noted at the 66th, the 90th hour between the experimental and control groups. RA treatment resulted in a significant decrease in β-catenin mRNA at the 4th, the 18th hour (EM>P/EM><0.05) and a significant increase at the 66th hour (P<0.05) after treatment, no significant difference in β-catenin mRNA was noted at the 42nd hour between RA and vehicle treated groups. In addition, the expression of β-catenin protein was significantly decreased at the 18th, the 42th hour (EM>P/EM><0.01) and significantly increased at the 90th hour (P<0.01) after RA treatment compared to the control groups, no significa Related Articles | Metrics

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By D-galactose injection combined with AβSUB>1-42/SUB> to establish a multiple animal model for Alzheimer’s disease 2011, 42 (4):  461-464.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.006 Abstract ( )   Objective To establish a multiple Alzheimer’s disease (AD) animal model by β Amyloid protein 1-42 (AβSUB>1-42/SUB>) combined with D-galactose (D-gal) injection. Methods Fortyfour 2 monthsold SD male rats were divided randomly to 4 group: peritoneal and lateral ventricle injection of physiological saline served as sham group; peritoneal injection of D-gal or lateral ventricle injection of AβSUB>1-42/SUB> individually served as a single factor AD model; peritoneal injection of D-gal combined with lateral ventricle injection of AβSUB>1-42/SUB> established a multiple AD animal model.Morris water maze test the learning and memory capacities. The changes of neuron number and morphology were detected by toluidine blue staining. The activity of the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum and brain tissue homogenate were determined by spectrophotometry. The expression of agedassociated protein receptor (AGER) was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Comparing with the sham group, AβSUB>1-42/SUB> group and D-gal group, the multiple model group exhibited a prolonged latency period which means a higher degree of cognitive and memory impairment; the neurons of hippocampus and cerebral cortex in multiple model group were reduced significantly and plasmalemma shrink, karyopyknosis and trachychromatic neurons increased; the T-AOC of serum and brain tissue in multiple model group declined obviously; the expression of AGER in cerebral cortex,hippocampus,cerebellar nuclei and cerebellar cortex of the multiple model group increased significantly and the staining of the AGER positive cells was trachychromatic and showed dark brown. Conclusion Injection of AβSUB>1-42/SUB> on D-gal induced neuron Related Articles | Metrics

细胞分子生物学

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Effects of integrin-β1 during the process of laminin promoting Schwann cells to synthesis extracellular matrix 2011, 42 (4):  465-469.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.007 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the a effects of integrin-β1 during the process of laminin (LN) promoting Schwann cells (SCs) to synthesis extracellular matrix （ECM）. Methods SCs were obtained from 10 SD rats and cultured EM>in vitro/EM>. After the treatment with ectogenic LN, double fluorescence immunocytochemical staining was performed to observe the expression of LN and integrin-β1 in SCs and the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was examined by Western blotting. The SCs surface receptor integrin-β1 was blocked by using Ha2/5 antibody and after the treatment with ectogenic LN, Western blotting was performed to observe the phosphorylation of FAK in SCs and the expression of components of ECM including LN, nidogen and type IV collagen were observed by fluorescence immunocytochemical staining. Results After the treatment with ectogenic LN, SCs had positive coexpression of LN and integrin-β1 and the phosphorylation of FAK was increased. After blocking the SCs surface receptor integrin-β1, phosphorylation of FAK was descended, but the positive expression of LN, nidogen and type IV collagen was not decreased. Conclusion LN can combine with SCs surface receptor integrin-β1 and in Related Articles | Metrics

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Involvement of sleep intermittent hypoxia in remodeling, apoptosis and expression of Rho kinase in rat myocardial cells 2011, 42 (4):  470-474.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.008 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms relevant to intermittent hypoxia, remodeling and heart failure by observing the changes of remodeling, hemodynamic parameters, apoptosis and the expression of Rho kinase in the myocardial cells of rats with sleep intermittent hypoxia. Methods Male Wistar rats were given limited normal diet (20g/d per rat) and swam for 1hour at 6pm. The rats were divided into 3 groups (EM>n/EM>=8 per group): a normal oxygen group (group A, breathing 21% O2 for 8hours per day), an intermittent hypoxia group (group B, breathing 10% O2 and air altered per 90 sec for 8hours per day) and a fasudil group ［group C, breathing 10% O2 and air altered per 90 sec for 8hours per day, 20mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d) fasudil Qd, i.h.］. Sixty days later, hemodynamic parameters, left ventricular weight and weight of rats were measured. Morphological changes (HE staining), apoptosis and the expression of Rho kinase mRNA in rat myocardial cells were examined. Results As compared to group A, group B showed abnormal hemodynamic parameters, an increase in the index of left ventricular hypertrophy, disarrangement of myocardial cells, remarkable apoptosis, up-regulation of Rho kinase mRNA expression. These changes were improved significantly in group C in comparison with group B. Conclusion Intermittent hypoxia is associated with the pathogenesis of remodeling and heart failure. Apoptosis and Rho kinase may play a key role in remodel Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of hepcidin on iron metabolism of rat L6 skeletal muscle cellsEM> in vitro/EM> 2011, 42 (4):  475-478.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.009 Abstract ( )   Objective To illuminate effects of hepcidin on iron metabolism of skeletal muscle. Methods L6 rat skeletal muscle cells were randomly divided into four groups and there were 6 repeats in each group. The cells were incubated with hepcidin at different concentrations (0, 0.05 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L, 0.15 mg/L) for 12 hours. Isotopic tracer method was used to investigate the change of cell iron uptake and iron release. The content of iron in liabile iron pool(LIP) was investigated by flow cytometry and the expression of ferroportin 1(FPN1) in rats’ gastrocnemius was observed by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, the released iron of L6 cells which were incubated with 0.1 mg/L hepcidin decreased significantly (P<0.05). There was no significant difference of iron uptake and iron release after incubated with 0.05 and 0.15 mg/L hepcidin (P>0.05). The LIP of L6 cells which were incubated with 0.1 mg/L hepcidin increased significantly (EM>P/EM><0.05). The expression of FPN1 decreased significantly (EM>P/EM><0.05). Conclusion Hepcidin might play an important role in iron metabolism of skeletal muscle cells, which can decrease the expression of FPN1. As a result, the released iron of skeletal muscle cells is reduced and the iron content of ir Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulation of transcription level of endogenous human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene in neural progenitor cells by bFGF and cAMP 2011, 42 (4):  479-483.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.010 Abstract ( )   Objective Using hTERT-immortalized human neural progenitor cell line, hNPCs-G3, it was studied on the transcription activity of endogenous human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT) gene and the mechanisms of proliferation and differentiation in the human neural progenitor cells. Methods Transient co-transfection of hTERT promoter-luciferase constructs and pSV-β-Gal control vector into HeLa cells and hNPCs-G3 cells, and detection of the transcription activities of different hTERT promoter-luciferase constructs. After co-tansfection as above, hNPCs-G3 cells were induced by bFGF, and the transcription activities of different length of hTERT promoters responsive to proliferation were analyzed. After the co-tansfection as above, hNPCs-G3 cells were induced by cAMP, and the transcription activities of different length of hTERT promoters responsive to differentiation were analyzed. Results The transcription activity of endogenous hTERT gene was low in human neural progenitor cells, and activity of the proximal promoter was the highest. bFGF could up-regulate the activitiy of endogenous hTERT gene in human neural progenitor cells, which mainly depended on the stretch of -2 098bp to -1 099bp and -3 216bp to -2 098bp upstream of ATG. cAMP could downregulate the transcription activity of endogenous hTERT gene in human neural progenitor cells, which inhibited the activity of proximal promoter.Conclusion The transcription activity of endogenous hTERT gene was low in human neural progeni Related Articles | Metrics

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Oxytocin induceing rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into cardiomyocyte-like cells EM>in vitro/EM> 2011, 42 (4):  484-488.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.011 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the optimal condition for the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into cardiomyocyte-like cells EM>in vitro /EM>by using oxytocin（OT）. Methods SD rat BMSCs were isolated and cultured from rat bone marrow, then induced by OT for 96 hours. The cultured cells were observed by phase-contrast microscope. The immunohistochemical technique and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) were used for detecting of expression of desmin, α-sarcomeric actin and cardiac troponin T(C-TnT). The induced cells were evaluated by a transmission electron microscope. Results The　morphology of BMSCs induced by OT changed obviously. After induced by OT for one week, the cells became larger and extended, and most of them became long shuttle-shape and paralleled. After four weeks, most cells became rod-shape and touched with adjacent cells to form myotube-shape. BMSCs induced by OT could be identified by the positive staining for desmin,α-sarcomeric actin and C-TnT. Desmin, α-sarcomeric actinpositive cells made up higher of all BMSCs than cTnT-positive cells. Desmin and α-sarcomeric actin-positive cells were about 33.24% and 58.06%, cTnT-positive cells were about 28.32%. laser scanning confocal microscopy indicated that α-sarcomeric actin was signed red, cTnT was green.When they were both been showed,it changed to yellow.Transmission electron microscope showed that the induced cells had a cardiomyocyte-like ultrastructure: a lot of mitochondria，rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome were founded in plasm, and paralleled m Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of co-culturing with cardiomycyte on skeletal myoblasts connexin43 gene expression 2011, 42 (4):  489-493.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.012 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the effect of the cardiac environment on skeletal myoblasts by measuring connexin43 (Cx43) gene expression in L6 cells and L6-Cx43 cells when co-cultured with cardiomyocytes. Double immunofluorescence staining was applied to detect the location of Cx43 in both L6 and L6-Cx43 cells. Methods Western blotting was used to detect Cx43 gene expression on protein level at different co-culturing time point. Results Data from Double immunofluorescence indicated that, Cx43 was expressed on interface between adjacent L6 cells and cardiomyocytes or between adjacent L6-Cx43 cells and cardiomyocytes when the two cell types were co-cultured EM>in vitro/EM>. Western blotting results showed that Cx43 protein level was increased in L6 cells and even more increased in L6-Cx43 cells. Conclusion Cardiac enviroment may induce skeletal myoblasts Cx43 gene expression, and direct cell-cell contact is necessary. This effect can be enhanced by Cx43 transfection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits the lymphangiogenesis of breast carcinoma in xenograft nude mice 2011, 42 (4):  494-497.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.013 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) on the lymphangiogenesis of transplanted breast carcinoma in mice. Methods First, to establish the models of transplanted tumors in nude mice, a total of 30 nude mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: Saline group,5-FU control group,20mg/kg EGCG group,10mg/kg EGCG group,5mg/kg EGCG group. Immunohistochemical staining method was used to detect the expression of VEGF-C and lymphatic vessel endothelium in transplanted breast carcinoma, and the lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) was used as the specific lymphatic endothelial marker for detecting microvessel density and area of lymphatic vessels. The expression of VEGF-C protein level in transplanted breast carcinoma was observed by using Western blotting in the different groups. Results The immunohistochemical staining revealed that the expression of VEGF-C was significantly reduced in EGCG 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg in dose-dependant manner compared with saline group(EM>P/EM>0.05),the density and area of lymphatic vessels in 20mg/kg EGCG group was lower and less than that of the other groups(EM>P/EM>0.05). Western blotting showed that the expression of VEGF-C protein also was significantly reduced in 20mg/kg group compared with the saline group(EM>P/EM>0.05). Conclusion GCG can inhibit significantly the expression of VEGF-C and the lymphangiogensis of breas Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of purendan superfine powder on expression of retinal vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor in diabetic rats 2011, 42 (4):  498-502.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.014 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effects of purendan superfine powder on retinal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) expression in diabetic rats. Methods Forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12)：normal control group，diabetes model group，PRD treatment group and doxium treatment group. The diabetes model rats were made by continuous intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. After the diabetes animal model was successfully established，the rats in PRD treatment group and doxium treatment group were respectively lavaged with PRD and doxium for 3 months. Immunohistochemical staining，Western blotting was used to assess the expression of VEGF and PEDF protein in retina；RT-PCR was employed to examine the expression of VEGF and PEDF mRNA in retina. 〖WTHZ〗Results〖WTBZ〗 The expression of VEGF protein and mRNA in retina of rats in normal control group were 0.4705±0.0668 and 0.4377±0.0372 respectively，those of rats in diabetic model group were 1.5874±0.1467 and 0.9332±0.0463 respectively, there had significant differences between normal control group and diabetic model group (P<0.01). The expression of VEGF protein and mRNA in retina of rats in PRD treatment group were 0.9050±0.0983 and 0.5251±0.0114 respectively, those of rats in doxium treatment group were 0.9123±0.0548 and 0.5499±0.0320 respectively, there had significant differences compared with diabetic model group (P<0.01); However, there had no significant difference between PRD treatment group and doxium treatment group(EM>P/EM>>0.05). The expression of PEDF protein and mRNA in retina of rats in normal control group were 1.3349±0.1201 and 1.0258±0.0385 respectively，those of rats in diabetic model group were 0.5406±0.0601 and 0.2671±0.0199 respectively, there had significant differences between normal control group and diabetic model group (P<0.01). The expression of PEDF protein and mRNA in reti Related Articles | Metrics

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Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells resistant to a chemotherapeutic DNA damage 2011, 42 (4):  503-508.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.015 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the mechanism underlying the the response of bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) to DNA damage agents. Methods The different reponse of cultured bone marrow BMSCs to cisplatin, camptothecin and vincintine and the expression of apoptosis family member p53 and p73 was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Results In comparation to sensitive tumor cell line K562, the cultured human bone marrow BMSCs were more resistant to cisplatin, camptothecin and vincristine; The phenotype, proliferation and differentiation ability of BMSCs were observed not altered after the drug treatment; The drugs application could lead to a incresed p53 activation which was not accompanied by the apoptosis induction. In addion, the physical level of p73 in BMSCs was significantly lower than that of K562 and could not be activated by drug treatment. Conclusion The cultured BMSCs are resistant ro chemotherapeutic drugs induced apoptosis and could remain stem cell characteristics; The expression level of p73 in BMSCs may contribute to the higher resistance to DNA damage agents and further studies are needed to reveal the this actual machnism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of autophagy during encystation of free living amoeba 2011, 42 (4):  509-512.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.016 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate autophagic changes of free-living amoeba during transformation from trophozoites to cysts. Methods Trophozoites were induced to form cysts with withdrawing of E. coli from the medium. Autophagic changes of the amoeba were investigated on 24hours, 36hours and 48hours after induction. the morphological changes of amoeba during encystation were viewed with a scanning electron microscope, The autophagic structures in amoeba were examined with a transmission electron microscope, cross-section areas of the autophagic structures were measured with an image analyzer. The autophagosomes of amoeba were labeled with monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and counted under confocal laser scanning microscope. Results In the control group, amoeba was full of fragment of E. coli, the level of autophagy was low. There were few autophagic structures in amoeba. Comparing with the control group, the autophagic level of amoeba after induction for 24 hours was enhanced significantly. Number of autophagic structures increased, the ratios of the cross-sectional areas of the autophagic precursors, autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes to that of the cytoplasm of amoeba were higher. The level of autophagy was attenuated significantly and number of autophagic structures decreased after induction for 36 hours. After induction for 48 hours, 92% trophozoites were transform to cysts, no autophagic structures were observed. Conclusion During encystation, autophagic activities of amoeba increased significantly in the early phase and decreaed in the later phase gradually. Related Articles | Metrics

解剖学

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Anatomy and clinical significance of fibular collateral ligament of knee 2011, 42 (4):  513-516.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.017 Abstract ( )   Objective To study anatomic characteristics of the fibular collateral ligament (FCL) and its relationship with surrounding structures, and to explore its clinic significance. Methods We performed this anatomical study of the FCL and its surrounding structures using 61 formalin-fixed knees, observing and measuring its length, width, thickness, and relationship with surrounding structures. Results FCL consistently existed, it was on an average (61.41±6.21)mm in length, (4.14±0.74)mm in width, (1.96±0.37)mm in thickness. The angle between FCL and popliteal tendon was 41.8°±7.5°, the distances between FCL and fabellofibular ligament, popliteofibular ligament were (9.66±2.92)mm, (9.67±3.87)mm, respect Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnosis and clinical application of multi-slice spiral CT angiography in anomalous vertebral artery 2011, 42 (4):  517-520.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.018 Abstract ( )   Objective To study anomalous types of vertebral artery examined by multi-slice spiral computed tomography angiography(MSCTA) and its clinical significance． Methods MSCTA data from 66 patients with anomalous vertebral artery were retrospectively analyzed． Results Three cases had simple origin variation. Fourteen cases (16 branches) had simple course variation (bended into the C5，C4 foramen transversarium). Both origin and course variations of vertebral artery were seen in 29 cases (34 branches). Two cases had unilateral vertebral artery with double branches. Eleven cases had vertebral arterial fenestration．There were 7 cases of basilar artery formed by unilateral vertebral artery. There was no statistic significance in atherosclerosis between the variation group and the control group（EM>χ/EM>SUP>2/SUP>=2.735,EM> P/EM>=0.098）. Conclusion MSCTA is a valuable noninvasive imaging method for the diagnosis o Related Articles | Metrics

组织学胚胎学与发育生物学

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Effects of X-ray on histological structure and activities of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase in stomach of filial mice 2011, 42 (4):  521-526.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.019 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the effects of X-ray on stomach of filial mice, we investigated changes of the histological structure, activities of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in stomach after irradiation with different dosages of X-ray in development filial mice. Methods Totally 160 filial mice(birth 6-7 days)were irradiated with different dosages(0Gy, 1Gy, 3Gy, 5Gy, 7Gy) X-ray, and then detected the activities of T-AOC, GSH-PX, GR by colorimetry from all irradiated groups of different stages at day 1, day 5, day 10 and day 20 after irradiation. In addition, the changes of the gastric lesions of filial mice were observed by optical microscope from all experimental groups. Results The intensities of T-AOC, GR activities in stomach of the neonatal mice were lower in X-ray irradiated groups than that in the control group(EM>P/EM><0.05 or EM>P/EM><0.01), with the exception for 1Gy group. The intensities of GSH-PX activities in stomach of the neonatal mice were lower in 1Gy group and higher in 3Gy group than that in the control group on the first day after irradiation (EM>P/EM><0.05). The activities of enzyme increased in 1Gy group and reduced in 3Gy group at day 520 after irradiation, in other irradiated groups the intensities of GSH-PX were lower than that in the control group invariably (EM>P/EM><0.05 orEM> P/EM><0.01). With the increase of radiation dosages, the epithelial cells of stomach mucosa and gland cell of filial mice had different degrees of change. The epithelial cells of stomach mucosa were swelling, of vacuolization and fall-off. Gastric glands were untrammeled and the stomach was hemorrhaged. Conclusion X-ray radiation affects the structure of filial mouse stomach, it might be correlated with the low activities of T-AOC, GSH-PX and GR in filial mouse Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of heroin withdrawal and relapse on the expressions of 5-hydroxy tryptamine and substance P in colon of rats 2011, 42 (4):  527-531.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.020 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the changes of expression of 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT), substance P (SP) in rat colon during heroin withdrawal, methadone detoxication and heroin relapse period. Methods Thirty-five adult male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (NCG), saline control group (SCG) and experimental group (EG). Experimental group divided into: heroin withdrawal group(HWG), methadone detoxication group(MDG) and heroin relapse group(HRG).The colon tissues of rats in five groups were excised respectively. Immunohistochemical SABC method and image analysis were used in the research. Results Compared with NCG and SCG, the mean grey degree of 5-HT, SP immunoreactive cells decreased, the number of 5-HT,SP immunoreactive cells increased obviously in HWG and HRG(P<0.05). Compared with NCG and SCG, there were no statistical significances on the mean grey degree and cells counting of 5-HT and SP immunoreactive cells (P>0.05) in MDG. Conclusion The colonic secretion of 5-HT and SP increases during heroin withdrawal and relapse. After treatment with methadone detoxication,the expression of 5-HT and SP is close to normal. The result suggests that the colonic secretion of 5-HT and SP participate in the process of body adjusting during heroin withdrawal, methadone detoxication and heroin relapse period. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Heshouwuyin on the expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in testis tissue of exercise-induced fatigue rats 2011, 42 (4):  532-536.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.021 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the effect of Heshouwuyin on the expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) in testis tissue of exercise-induced fatigue rats. Methods Fifty SD rats were divided randomly into 5 groups, each group had 10 rats including normal control group(A group), Heshouwuyin administered normal group(B group), model control group(C group), Heshouwuyin treated group (D group), Heshouwuyin prevented group (E group). The rats in the C, D and E groups were made exerciseinduced fatigue animal model, and animals were administrated heshouwuyin［20g/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d),contained crude drug 9.6kg/L］, with the exception of E group, animals in E group were administrated heshouwuyin before modeling. The D group was treated with Heshouwuyin by intragastric administration for 60 days after success of modeling. The blood serum concentration of testosterone was detected by radioimmunity, and immunohistochemistry method, Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to observe the differential expression of 17β-HSD. Results 17β-HSD protein expressed in Leydig cells. Compared with C group, the expressions of 17β-HSD protein and mRNA in D, E groups increased (EM>P/EM>0.05) Related Articles | Metrics

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Repairing of full-thickness defects of articular cartilage with bone morphogenetic protein-2 and transforming growth factor βSUB>1 /SUB>in rabbits 2011, 42 (4):  537-541.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.022 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the effect of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor βSUB>1/SUB>(TGF-βSUB>1/SUB>) to repair full-thickness defects of articular cartilage in rabbits, so to give an reference for articular cartilage repairing. Methods Eight healthy rabbits of 6-month-old were divided randomly into 2 groups, full-thickness defects of 3mm in diameter and 2mm in depth were created over the articular surface of both the femoral condoles by operation. All animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks postoperatively after the injections, and the defects were examined grossly and microscopically. Results Gross observation showed that on the twelfth week, in the group of T，collagen sponge was absorbed completely, but the repair tissue had not covered the defection and damage area completely. In the group of T, the tissue of the defection and damage area had been repaired better. Under light microscope, by twelfth week, in the group of C，the surface of the defection and damage area was not leveled off. The fiber cells trended toward cartilage cell surface. In the group of T, there were many new cell groups, cartilage film had basic repaired. Under scanning electron microscope, in C group and by 12th week the cartilage cells were in great quantities as they propagated and located inside the nest of T group. The fiber outside the cell was bulky. Conclusion TGF-βSUB>1/SUB> combined with BMP-2 can effectively promote the repair of defection and damage of Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of salvia miltiorrhiza on the histological structure and ultrastructure of mouse ovarian tissues frozen and thawed at early developmental stage after transplantation 2011, 42 (4):  542-547.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.023 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the morphological structure and ultrastructure of mouse ovarian tissues frozen and thawed at the early developmental stage after transplantation. Methods The 1- day ovaries-thawed through cryopreservation treatment were xenografted into the donated kidney capsule of 8 to 12-week-male mice. The mice in two groups were sacrificed at day 2, 7 and 14 after transplantation respectively, and the ovaries transplanted were excised for observing histological structure and ultrastructure changes and for counting the ovarian follicles and detecting the apoptosis index of follicles. Results The survival rate of primordial follicles in the mouse ovaries-frozen and thawed was 87.9%. The histological structure and ultrastructure showed that both the follicles and stromata were damaged on day 7 after transplantation. The follicular structure had been recovered for 14 days. The number of follicles and survival rate after transplantation in Salvia miltiorrhiza group (30.1%) were higher than that in saline group(13.2%) at 14-day(EM>P/EM><0.05). Conclusion The injury of the mouse ovarian tissues at the early stage is due to the ischemia and hypoxia rather than the cryopreservation. Salvia miltiorrhiza may provide benefits for folliculogensis and decrease the apoptosis index of follicles. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of BAX during the development of mouse kidney 2011, 42 (4):  548-551.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.024 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the expression of BAX during mouse kidney development. Methods Fifty-four mice from embryonic day 16, 18 and postnatal day 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 were chosen to investigate the expression of BAX on epoxy sections of different development phases of mouse kidney with immunohistochemistry technique and stereological methods. Results The immunohistochemical positive staining of BAX was mainly observed in proximal tubules. During development, the expressive position of BAX gradually moved from deep to middle cortex, and finally was located on the superficial cortex. The numerical area density of BAX gradually increased from E16d to P3d, then descend, and turned to increase again at postnatal day 7. Conclusion During the development of kidney, the expression of BAX closely relates to the growth of proximal tubules, and may impact the proximal tubules in surviving, differentiating and maturing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulation of Cajal-Retzius cell on the apical dendrite growth of pyramidal cell and himppocampal lamination 2011, 42 (4):  552-557.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.025 Abstract ( )   Objective In order to understand how Cajal-Retzius cells are involved in the regulation to the apical dendrite growth of pyramidal cell and hippocampal lamination. Methods With DiI tracing, the alvear path and perforant path were visualized in 120 mice at various ages. The apical dendrite growth of pyramidal cells, the histogenesis of mossy fibers and the distribution of Reelin positive cells were studied with tubulin, neuronal nuclei and reelin immunofluorescent labeling. Results Alvear path and perforant path were started from entorhinal cortex, and they distributed in alveus and molecular layer of hippocampus. There were numerous Reelin positive cells in the alvear area and hippocampal molecular layer, suggesting those reelin positive cells were involved in the path-finding. With age increasing, the apical dendrites of pyramidal cell grew and extended into molecular layer to form the inner molecular layer. Later, the inner molecular layer widened gradually, and it occupied stratum lucidum and stratum radiatum. The perforant fibers in stratum lucunosum-moleculare were so coincident with the location of CR cells in CA1, suggesting regulation of CR cells in the apical dendrite growth in inner molecular layer. Conclusion Reelin positive cells can function as a guidance to the pathfinding of alvear path and perforant path. Meanwhile, the developmental characteristics of CR cells suggest that CR cells play important roles in the dendritic growth of pyramidal cells, hippocampal lamination and hippocampal l Related Articles | Metrics

人类学

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Tooth wear of the Bronze-Iron Age people in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia 2011, 42 (4):  558-561.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.026 Abstract ( )   Objective To aware tooth wear of mandibular first molar (MSUB>1/SUB>) in Bronze-Iron Ages from Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. Methods Tooth wear of MSUB>1/SUB> from Xinjiang (EM>n/EM>=77) and Inner Mongolia (EM>n/EM> =123) human mandibles was recorded, and then comparisons were made among groups using SPSS 13.0 software. Results Tooth wear of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia people was more obvious than modern human, which might indicate that food in Bronze-Iron ages was much rougher. Tooth wear in Xinjiang was more obvious than that in Inner Mongolia. The tooth wear from Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia had some common traits: there was no big difference in MSUB>1/SUB> -tooth wear between left and right sides, and male’s tooth wear was more obvious than female. Conclusion Tooth wear in Xinjiang is more obvious than in Inner Mongolia, and the difference may be related to food, economic Related Articles | Metrics

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Fluctuating asymmetry of digit length of Hui and Han ethnic groups in Ningxia 2011, 42 (4):  562-565.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.027 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of digit length of Hui and Han ethnic groups in Ningxia, compare the mean value distribution in them of different sexes and nationalities. Methods Anthropometry was used to study the FA（2FA，3FA，4FA，5FA）and CFA of digit length of 412 individuals (219 males, 193 females) of Hui and 439 individuals (241 males, 198 females) of Han nationalities, the mean value of them was compared. Results Our results showed that the FA presented as 2FA＞4FA＞3FA＞5FA; Significant differences of each FA were found between males and females in the same nationality, males had higher mean value than females; For the same sex, there was no significant difference in the mean value of each FA between different nationalities; As compared with females, Related Articles | Metrics

生物工程学

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Evaluation of biocompatibility of MC3t3-E1 cell with biomimetic multicomponet nano-hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials 2011, 42 (4):  566-570.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.028 Abstract ( )   Objective To evaluate the biocompatibility of MC3T3-E1 cells with novel biomimetic multicomponent nano-hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials and observe the attachment, proliferation and shape of MC3T3-E1 cells on the biomaterial. Methods The novel biomimetic multicomponent nano-hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials were prepared from chitosan, hydroxyapatite, gelatin and pectin in certain ratio by biomimtic approach. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded on the scaffolds, and the biocompatibility was studied by means of the inverted microscope, HE staining, the scanning electron microscope, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT), F-DA and Hoechst33258 staining. Results The novel biomimetic multicomponent nano-hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials were three-dimensional and had more porous. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded on the scaffolds, the cells attached and grew well in the scaffolds.The polygonal or fusiform MC3T3-E1cells were observed in the scaffold. The results of MTT assay showed that the comparison of absorbance in the scaffold group and control group had no statistical significance. Conclusion The multicomponent nano-hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials have well-developed, morphology, physicochemical properties and superior cytocompatibility. They can be potential candidate materials for bone tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

医学教育

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Survey on Hong Kong medical students’ bilingual ability in anatomy 2011, 42 (4):  571-573.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.04.029 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the bilingual ability of undergraduate medical students in the faculty of medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Methods A questionnaire survey on the bilingual ability of Hong Kong’s medical students in anatomy was designed. Total 122 year-one medical students from the Chinese University of Hong Kong answered the questionnaire, which included 22 anatomical terms in English and 19 ones in Chinese. The students were required to translate them into Chinese or English, respectively, and also rated their familiarity with the words. Results The percentage of familiar English-to-Chinese translation was 14% of total number used, and that of Chinese-to-English was 8%;2.The numbers of students giving correct translation in both English into Chinese and Chinese into English were 18% of the class; 3.Oftenheard terms were easier to be translated correctly, but many were idiomatically translated into wrong words; 4.he bilingual ability of students were not related to the teaching languages used in their secondary schools. If both languages were used in teaching, students could acquire better bilingual ability. Conclusion The result of the survey showed the following problems in the bilingual ability of Hong Kong medical students:1.The knowledge of Chinese terms is limited:therefore they have difficulty in both English-to-Chinese and Chinese-to-English;2.The students only mechanically memorize English and Latin terms without understanding their meaning; 3.They usually follow common mistakes. Bilingual problem is what medical students are facing in society and their communication with people. Keeping up the bilingual ab Related Articles | Metrics