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2008, Volume 39 Issue 3
06 June 2008 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN EXPRESSION OF RIBOSOMERELATED GENES BETWEEN RAT REGENERATION LIVER AND LIVER TUMOR 2008, 39 (3):  281-287.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To address the expression correlation of ribosomerelated genes in rat regeneration liver (RL) and those in liver tumor at transcriptional level. Methods Genes involved in ribosome biogenesis, assembly and function, as well as their expression changes in liver tumor, were obtained by online data collection and literature review, and their expression profiles in rat regenerating liver were detected by Rat Genome 230 2.0 array. Expression similarities and differences of the above genes were analyzed using statistical methods. Results A total of 75 genes were found to be RL-related. In regenerated liver and liver tumor, the expressions of 18 genes increased and 6 genes decreased, and no significant expression changes were found in 51 genes in liver tumor. Conclusion The expression profiles of the ribosomerelated genes in regenerated liver cells and liver tumor cells have both similarities and differences, and the former exhibit properties of more gradualness and complexity. Related Articles | Metrics

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EXPRESSION PROFILES AND ROLES OF HEPATOCYTE GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION RELATED GENES DURING RAT LIVER REGENERATION 2008, 39 (3):  290-295.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the hepatocyte growth and differentiation during rat liver regeneration (LR) at transcriptional level. Methods The related genes were obtained by online data collection and literature review, and the gene expressions in rat regenerating liver were checked by Rat Genome 230 2.0 array. The relativity of the LR-related genes was identified by comparing discrepancies in gene expression changes between partial hepatectomy (PH) group and sham operation (SO) group. Results One hundred and ten genes were found to be related with liver regeneration. The initial and total expressing gene numbers occurring in the initiation phase of liver regeneration (0.5-4 hours after PH), G0/G1 transition (4-6 hours after PH), cell proliferation (6-66 hours after PH), cell differentiation and structurefunction reconstruction (72-168 hours after PH) were 63, 11, 43, 3 and 63, 43, 101, 80 respectively, indicating that the related genes were mainly triggered during the initiation phase, and worked at different phases. The total frequencies of their up and downregulation expression were 488 and 248, respectively, demonstrating that the expression of the major genes increased, and that of the minority decreased. Their expression profiles were classified into 6 types, displaying that the activities mentioned above were diverse and complicated during liver regeneration. Conclusion Hepatocyte growth and different Related Articles | Metrics

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EXPRESSION PROFILES OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISMASSOCIATED GENES IN RAT LIVER REGENERATION 2008, 39 (3):  296-301.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To elucidate the action of carbohydrates metabolismassociated genes on rat liver regeneration (LR). Methods We obtained the above genes through collecting website data and retrieving related articles, and detected their expression changes in rat LR with Rat Genome 230 2.0 array, then determined LRassociated genes by comparison of gene expression discrepancy between partial hepatectomy (PH) group and sham operation (SO) group. Results 118 carbohydrates metabolism genes were proved to be LRassociated. Number of the initial and total expressing genes occurring in forepart (0.5-4 hours after PH), prophase (6-12 hours after PH), metaphase (16-66 hours after PH) and anaphase (72-168 hours after PH), were 33, 6, 68, 7 and 68, 44, 210, 83, respectively, demonstrating that expression of these genes were triggered mainly at the initial stage of LR, and functioned in different phases. The number of their upregulation and downregulation was 205 and 200, and their expression patterns were classified into 12 types, implying that the cellular Carbohydrate metabolism during LR were characterized by diversity and complication. Monosaccharides and glycogen metabolismassociated genes, glycoprotein and glycosphingolipid (mainly gangliosides) biosynthesisassociated genes were upregulated almost in the whole LR. In contrast, oligosaccharides and glycosaminoglycans biosynthesisassociated ge Related Articles | Metrics

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RELEVANCE OF LIPID METABOLISM AND TRANSPORTINVOLVED GENES TO RAT LIVER REGENERATION 2008, 39 (3):  302-309.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To realize the expression changes and patterns of lipid metabolism and transportrelated genes in rat liver regeneration (LR) at transcriptional level. Methods Genes involved in lipid metabolism and transport were obtained by retrieving the databases data and the related papers. The gene expression changes during LR was checked by Rat Genome 230 2.0 array, and LRassociated genes were identified by comparing gene expression difference between partial hepatectomy (PH) and sham operation (SO) groups. Results One hundred ninety three genes were found to be LRassociated. The number of initially and totally expressed genes occurring in forepart(0.5-4 hours after PH) of LR, prophase(6-12 hours after PH), metaphase(12-66 hours after PH), and anaphase(72-168 hours after PH) was 113, 20, 66, 1 and 250, 205, 796, 293, respectively. The number of their upregulation and downregulation was 852 and 630 times, and their expression profiles were classified into 27 types. The subdued transcription levels occur to the bile acid metabolisminvolved genes in forepart and prophase of LR; the elevated transcription levels occur to the glucocorticoid catabolisminvolved genes in forepart and anaphase; phospholipids synthesisinvolved genes were upregulated in prophase and metaphase, while phospholipids catabolisminvolved genes were downexpressed; fatty acid, leukotriene and glycosphingolipid synthesisinvolved genes, triglyceride and phosphatidylinositol metabolisminvolved genes were upregulated in metaphase, while glycosphingolipid catabolisminvolved genes were downexpressed; the elevated transcription levels occur to the prostaglandin synthesis and fatty acid catabolisminvolved genes in metaphase and anaphase; during almost the whole period of LR, genes participating in Related Articles | Metrics

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EXPRESSION PROFILES OF NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND BIOGENESISRELATED GENES DURING RAT LIVER REGENERATION 2008, 39 (3):  310-315.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the expression changes and profiles of nuclear structure and biogenesisrelated genes in rat liver regeneration (LR). Methods Genes involved in nuclear structure and biogenesis were obtained by data collection and literature review. The gene expression changes during LR were checked by Rat Genome 230 2.0 array, and LRrelated genes were identified by comparing gene expression difference between partial hepatectomy (PH) and sham operation (SO) groups. Results 406 genes were found to be LRrelated. The numbers of initially and totally expressed genes occurring in the forepart(0.5-4 hours after PH) of LR, the prophase(6-12 hours after PH),the metaphase(12-66 hours after PH), and the anaphase(72-168 hours after PH) were 200, 29, 179, 5 and 374, 290,1876, 603, respectively. The numbers of their upregulation and downregulation were 1224 and 496 times. The elevated transcription levels occur red to the nuclear organization and biogenesisinvolved genes in the prophase and the metaphase of LR and to the nuclear membrane, nuclear matrix and nucleoplasminvolved genes in the metaphase; nuclear chromosome, nucleolus and nuclear functional protein complexinvolved genes were upregulated in th Related Articles | Metrics

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THE REGULATING EFFECT OF CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR LINKED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS ON RAT LIVER REGENERATION 2008, 39 (3):  316-322.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the regulating effect of in the regulation of cell surface receptor linked signal transduction pathwayrelated genes on rat liver regeneration (LR) at transcriptional level. Methods Genes involved in the above pathways were obtained by data collection and literature review. The gene expression changes during LR were checked by Rat Genome 230 2.0 array, and LR-related genes were identified by comparing gene expression difference between partial hepatectomy (PH) and sham operation (SO) groups. Results 491 genes were identified as LR-related. There were 742 kinds of interactive relations in 226 beforementioned genes. In the 12 kinds of signaling pathways cytokine and chemokine mediated, enzyme linked receptor, G-protein coupled receptor, glutamate, antigen receptormediated, integrinmediated, lipopolysaccharidemediated, Notch, osmosensory, smoothened, Toll and Wnt——the numbers of upregulated and downregulated LRrelated genes were 26 and 23, 164 and 54, 59 and 51, 5 and 1, 22 and 14, 21 and 10, 1 and 1, 4 and 11, 23 and 11, 32 and 17 respectively. In LR, the numbers of upregulated and the downregulated genes were 188 and 128, 464 and 190, 308 and 207, 13 and 5, 88 and 46, 123 and 50, 2 and 1, 20 and 43, 148 and 30, 174 and 62 in the corresponding pathways. The genes which up regulated mainly occurred 0.516, 30, 42, 54, 96 hours and which down regulated mainly occurred 18-24, 36, 60-72, 120-168 hours. Conclusion In l Related Articles | Metrics

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EXPRESSION PATTERNS AND ROLES OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GENES IN RAT LIVER REGENERATION 2008, 39 (3):  323-328.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the expression changes of transcription factor genes and their underlying involvement in rat liver regeneration (LR) at transcription level. Methods The transcription factor genes and their function were collected by referring to the putative literatures and databases. Then, their expression in rat LR were checked by Rat Genome 230 2.0 array. LR-related genes were identified through the comparison of discrepancies in gene expression between partial hepatectomy (PH) and sham operation (SO) groups. Results 320 genes were determined to be LRrelated, which were involved in 16 biological processes, such as cellular metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, etc. Expression profiles of above genes were classified into 41 categories according to their functions and expression trends, implying their diversity and complexity during LR. The expression of transcription factor genes that were involved in carbohydrate biosynthesis， lipid metabolism, and inflammatory response was enhanced in the forepart (0.5-4 hours after PH) and prophase (6-12 hours after PH) of LR. Cellular proliferation, growth, differentiation and apoptosis related transcription factor genes were promoted in the metaphase (16-66 hours after PH) and anaphase (72-168 hours after PH).Conclusion Physiological and biochemical activities in LR were regulated by multiple transcription factor genes, and e2f1, fos, copeb, etc. played key Related Articles | Metrics

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ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF NUCLEIC ACID AND THEIR DERIVATIVE METABOLISM, PROCESSING AND TRANSPORTRELATED GENES DURING RAT LIVER REGENERATION 2008, 39 (3):  329-334.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the expression changes and patterns of nucleic acid and their derivative metabolism, processing and transport-related genes in rat liver regeneration (LR) at transcriptional level. Methods The related genes were obtained by online data collection and literature review, and gene expression patterns in rat regenerated liver were checked by Rat Genome 230 2.0 array. LR-related genes were identified through the comparison of discrepancles in gene expression between partial hepatectomy (PH) and sham operation (SO) groups. Results 240 genes were determined to be related with liver regeneration. The number of initially expressive genes in the forepart of liver regeneration (0.5-4 hours after PH), prophase (6-12 hours after PH), metaphase (16-66 hours after PH), anaphase (72168 hours after PH) were 65, 14, 150, 11 respectively and the total expression numbers were 133, 87, 627, 169 respeitirely. There were 6, 5, 22 and 9 expression patterns. Frequencies of upregulation and downregulation were 768 and 248. mRNA catabolism in prophase and metaphase, DNA recombination， modification and transcript, mRNA processing and transport in prophase, metaphase and anaphase, and nucleotides and their derivatives metabolism, as well as DNA replication, packaging and catabolism during the whole LR, were enhanced.Conclusion LR-related genes were mainly triggered in the forepart of liver regeneration, and fu Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EFFECT OF PENTOXIFYLLINE ON HEPATIC NF-κBACTIVITY OF NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS IN RATS 2008, 39 (3):  335-339.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of pentoxifylline on hepatic NF-κB activity of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) in rats. Methods Rats fed with a standard diet for one week were randomly divided into four groups： the control group(n=10), the 12weekmodel group(n=10), the 16weekmodel group(n=10) and the PTX treatment group(n=10). Two model groups and the PTX treatment group were fed with a highfat diet and the control group with a standard diet.After 12 week, the 12weekmodel group were sacrificed and the treatment group were given PTX ［16mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d)］ by intragastric administration. Then all the remaining rats were sacrificed at the end of the 16th week. The expressions of NF-κB and inhibitor κB-α(IκB-α) proteins in livers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of NF-κBp65 protein was determined by Western blotting. Results The expression of NF-κBp65 increased significantly in the model groups and the PTX treatment group (vs the control group, P<0.05) but decreased in the PTX treatment group (vs the model groups); Related Articles | Metrics

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EVALUATION OF PENTOXIFYLLINE THERAPY FOR NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS BY HIGH FREQUENCY ULTRASOUND 2008, 39 (3):  340-344.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective Evaluation of Pentoxifylline（PTX）therapy for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) in rats by high frequency ultrasound. Methods Sixtyeight SD rats were randomly divided into normal control (18) and experimental groups (30) were feed by highfat diet. and therapy groups (20) in 8 and 12 weeks were given the PTX for 4 weeks. Results Fat degeneration commenced after 8 weeks of highfat diet. The liver enlarged, the edge of the liver became dull, the echo enhanced, and the vessels became indistinct. Those were more marked after 12 weeks. In pathological images, the simple fatty livers were observed in the model group at 8 week. From 12 weeks to 16 weeks, the liver gradually progressed from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to liver fibrosis. The changes exhibited little in therapy groups. There were significant differences of ultrasound and pathological features between control /experimental and therapy group（P<0.05）. C Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECT OF COMPOUND EMBRYONIC BOVINE LIVER EXTRACT TABLETS (AN-FA-TE) IN TREATMENT OF NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS 2008, 39 (3):  345-349.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective Evaluation the effect of compound embryonic bovine liver extract tablets, ie An-Fa-Te (AFT) in treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rats by high frequency ultrasound. Methods Fifty-two SD rats were randomly divided into normal control groups, experimental groups and therapy groups. The two therapy groups were given the AFT from 8,12 weeks, respectively. The diameter and velocity of hepatic vein (HV) and ratio of hepatic pressure were measured using high frequency ultrasound. Results Fat degeneration commenced after 8 weeks of highfat diet. The liver enlarged, the edge of the liver became dull, the echo enhanced, and the vessels became indistinct. Those were more marked after 16 weeks. In pathological images, The simple fatty livers were observed in the model group at 8 weeks，and NASH in the model group of 16 weeks. The changes exhibited little in therapy groups. There were significant differences of ultrasound and pathological features between control /experimental and therapy group. Conclusions The AFT has effect in therapy for NASH in rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE LONG-TERM NEUROTOXIC EFFECT OF INFLAMMATION ON DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS IN RAT SUBSTANTIA NIGRA 2008, 39 (3):  350-354.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the longterm neurotoxic effect of inflammation induced by intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of rats，in order to explore the mechanism of inflammation in the progressive nature of Parkinson’s disease.Methods 28 healthy male SD rats were randomly assigned to 10μg, 25μg, 50μg LPSinjected groups and salineinjected group. All injections were made intracerebroventricularly on the right side with LPS or saline. Moving distance and speed were measured by Ethovison software. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)positive neurons and microglia were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry staining.Results Analysis of moving speed showed no significant difference between groups with 10μg, 25μg, 50μg of LPS and saline injections. The microglia were activated mostly in the brain in 10μg and 25μg LPSinjection groups, while the activation of microglia was not found in 50μg LPS and salineinjected rats. The TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra of 10μg and 25μg LPS-injected groups decreased by 15.5% (P<0.01) and 20.1% (P<0.01) respectively, compared with those in the salineinjected group, but there was no significant differen Related Articles | Metrics

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PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SALIDROSIDE ON GLUTAMATE INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS 2008, 39 (3):  355-359.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the protective effects of salidroside on glutamateinduced injury in cultured hippocampal neurons. Methods Primarily cultured hippocampal neurons from fetal Wistar rat were incubated with salidroside (10, 20 and 40mg/L) for 24 hours, then glutamate (125μmol/L) was added for 15 minutes to induce injury. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay, the vigor of LDH was determined by biochemistry method, the apoptosis rates were anallyzed using Annexin V-FITC and PI labelling and Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cylometric assay. Fluorescent intensity of intracellular free calcium was observed with laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Results After the pretreatment with salidroside for 24 hours, the increases of LDH vigor and apoptosis rates and the decrease of cell viability caused by glutamate were resisted obviously. Salidroside inhibited the increase of CaSUP>2+/SUP> in cytoplasm significantly. Conclusion Salidroside can significantly resist the injury induced by glutamate. The neuroprotective activities of salidroside can be related to its ability to reduce CaSUP>2+/S Related Articles | Metrics

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OBSERVATION OF THE ROLE OF FACIAL NUCLEUS REMODELING IN THE GENESIS OF POSTPALSY SEQUELA 2008, 39 (3):  360-364.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the remodeling process of reinnervation and somatotopy of facial motor neurons after traumatic facial paralysis, and then explore its role in the mechanism of postpalsy sequela. Methods The facial paralysis models were set up by facialfacial anastomosis in rat. The remodeling process of somatotopic organization and reinnervation of facial motor neurons were observed by Nissl staining and retrograde labeling methods 60 days after the operation. The ultrastructure of the facial motor neurons and its synaptic contacts were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM) on the 90th day after the operation. Results 1.There were similar numbers and organization of facial motor neurons among the Nissl stained neurons on the both sides and FG (Fluoro Gold) labeled on the normal side. No necrosis or apoptotic appearances were found in facial motor neurons on the operational side by Nissl staining or ultrastructural observation. On the operational side the FG labeled motor neurons, representing reinnervating through the suture site successfully, decreased significantly compared with those of Nissl staining (P<0.05). There existed quite a few Nissl stained motor neurons withthout FG labelling and successful reinnervation on the operational side. 2.By double fluorescent retrograde tracing technique, some motor neurons innervating temporal branch were found distributed in subnucleus divisions that dominanted buccal branch. The ratio of such dislocated singlelabeled motor neurons on the operational side were higher than that on the normal side (P<0.05). The doublelabeled neurons by FG and FR (Fluoro Ruby) only appeared on the operational side. Conclusion After facialfacial anastomosis, the aberrant reinnervating can affect the genesis of postpalsy sequela. Further studies are needed on dormant motor neurons of such type for their role in the mechanism o Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECTS OF ANDROGEN ON LEARNING AND MEMORY ABILITY AND HIPPOCAMPUS NEURONS IN SAMP8 MOUSE 2008, 39 (3):  365-369.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the effect of androgen on learning and memory ability and neurons in hippocampal CA1 region in senescence accelerated mouse prone strain/8(SAMP8). Methods Thirty 7monthold male SAMP8 were randomly divided into shamoperation control group, castrated group and androgen replacement therapy after castration group. The dose of testosterone undecanoate (TU) was 37.4mg/(kgI>&#/I>8226;15d). The capability of learning and memory was observed 45 days later through the Morris water maze(MWM) test and the change of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region was detected and analyzed by HE staining，immunohistochemal method and computer pathological image analysis system. Results 1. In the MWM test, the escape latency of castrated group were significantly prolonged(P<0.05).And the times of spanning flat roof decreased(P<0.05). Testosterone replacement therapy can improve the learning and memory ability. There was no significant difference from shamoperation control group(P＞0.05). 2. With HE staining, neurons in hippocampal CA1 region of castrated group were found with diffused vacuolar degeneration, and sparse and disordered cellular arranpement. The cell nucleuses were karyochrome and karyopycnosis. The number and optical density of Aβ immune positive neurons were markedly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05). Conclusions Androgen deficiency after castraton results in the decreased learning and memory ability and injury in hippocampal neurons.Andr Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFCT OF HYPOXIAINDUCIBLE FACTOR-1α GENE ON THE PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF NSCs AFTER FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS 2008, 39 (3):  370-375.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of hypoxiainducible factor-1α gene on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells after focal cerebral ischemia in rats, and to explore the mechanism of the effect. Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) and reperfusion models were established and divided into sham group, NS group, AD group and AdHIF-lα group. NS, AD and Ad-HIF-lα were injected into the ischemic ventricle respectively. The mNSS was evaluated the expression of EPO was observed, and the number of BrdU positive cells in subventricular zone and that of BrdU／NF200， BrdU／GFAP double labeled cells in cortex were calculated by immumofluorescence method. Results The mNSS were statistically different between Ad-HIF-lα group and the other three groups; the expression of EPO was higher in Ad-HIF-lα group; the number of BrdU positive cells increased obviously in Ad-HIF-lα group; the cellular rebirth and differentiation demonstrated that there existed a significant difference (P<0.05) in the numbers of BrdU／NF200 Related Articles | Metrics

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THE MECHANISMS OF ASTROCYTES MODULATING NEURONS IN RAT SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEUS INDUCED BY HYPOTONIC STIMULATION 2008, 39 (3):  376-380.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the mechanisms of astrocytes modulating neurons in rat supraoptic nucleus induced by hypotonic stimulation and the effect of 6-aminomethyl-3-methyl-4H-1，2，4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide HCl (TAG, a antagonist for taurine) or carbenoxolone (CBX, a gap junction blocker)on the responses of astrocytes and neurons in SON. Methods Adult male SpragueDawley rats were divided into four groups: the control group was injected with 5.5ml/kg 0.9% NaCl solution into the caudal vein; the hypotonic group was injected with 5.5 ml/kg hypo-saline (0.83% glucose plus 0.3% NaCl); TAG + hypotonic and CBX + hypotonic groups were injected with TAG (100μmol/L) or CBX (10g/L) into the lateral ventricle respectively, and were injected 2 hours later with hypotonic saline into the caudal vein. With anti-Fos, anti-vasopressin (VP), anti-glycine receptor (GlyR), anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and anti-connexin43 (Cx43) immunofluorescent staining methods, the responses of neurons and astrocytes in SON were studied. Results In control rats, Fos-, VP-, and GlyR-expression in the neurons and GFAP- or Cx43-expression in the astrocytes were lower. In hypotonic rats, GFAP-, Cx43- and GlyR signals were more than those in control rats, while Fos- and VP- signals were less. Compared with those in hypotonic rats in TAG + hypotonic or CBX + hypotonic rats, GFAP- and Cx43- signals in the astrocytes were the same, GlyRsignals in the neurons decreased, and Fos- and VP-signals increased. Conclusion Hypotonic stimulation activates SON astrocytes, which then release taurine through gap junction signaling to the neurons Related Articles | Metrics

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DIFFERENT EXPRESSIONS OF NEURONAL NUCLEI IN THE NEURONS OF RAT CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 2008, 39 (3):  381-385.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective The aim of this study was to observe the expression of NeuN in the central nervous system (CNS) of adult rats. Methods Normal adult SD rats were perfused and cut into sections on a cryostat. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescent and Nissl staining technique were used. Results Four types of NeuN expression in the neurons of CNS were observed: the neurons in most areas throughout the CNS (such as the cerebral cortex, basic ganglia and spinal cord dorsal horn, etc) were found with strong NeuN signals; the neurons in some areas (such as the spinal nucleus of trigemina nerve and the hypothalamic paraventricuar nucleus, etc) revealed middlling signals; the neurons in other nuclei indicated wealer NeuN signals （such as the solitary tract nucleus and the locus coeruleus, etc）;some areas (such as the supraoptic nucleus，the arcuate nucleus and the dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve, etc) appeared devoid of immunoreactivity for NeuN. Conclusion The present results indicate that expressions of NeuN in all the neurons of CNS of adult rats were different, and NeuN even di Related Articles | Metrics

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THE DIFFERENTIATION OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS INDUCED BY THE SUPERNATANT OF CULTURED HAIR FOLLICLE 2008, 39 (3):  386-389.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the possibility of inducing mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)to differetiate into hair follicle stem cells by the supernatant of cultured hair follicle EM>in vitro/EM> and to investigate the transdifferentiation potentiality of MSCs. Methods MSCs were isolated and cultured from rat bone marrow by complete adherence. MSCs of passage 3 were characterized with markers CD44 and CD29 by immuohistochemical staining technique. The stem cells were induced by the supernatant of cultured hair follicle. The morphological character was observed by inverse phasecontrast microscopy. The expression of keratin 15 was detected by immunohistochemical staining technique and immunofluorescence staining technique. RT-PCR was further used to detect the expression of keratin 15. Results The isolated and separated MSCs were immunostaining positive in CD44 and CD29. After induced by the hair follicle conditioned medium EM>in vitro/EM>, MSCS could be partially identified by the positive staining for keratin 15, a specific antibody of hair follicle stem cells. After 3 weeks′ induction, keratin 15 was detected by RT-PCR in MSCs induced by supernatant of cultured hair follicle. Conclusion MSCs have the potential to differ Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EFFECTS OF AECs CONDITIONED MEDIUM ON INDUCING NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF BMSCs 2008, 39 (3):  390-394.  doi: Abstract ( )   bjective To study the effects of amniotic epithelial cells conditioned medium on the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells into neural cells. Methods Bone marrow stromal cells and amniotic epithelial cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, then the cell surface antigen was detected by flow cytometry and the expressions of nestin and ki67 were detected by immunofluorescence staining method. When the cells were cocultured with amniotic epithelial cells conditioned medium, the morphological character of cells was observed by inverse phasecontrast microscope, and the expressions of NSE(neurone specific enolase), TH(tyrosine hydroxylase) and DAT(dopamine transporter) were detected by immunofluorescence staining method. Results Amniotic epithelial cells conditioned medium had obvious inductive effect on bone marrow stromal cell’s neural differentiation. Conclusion The amniotic epithelial cells conditioned medium may have inductive effect neuronlike cell’s differentiation and dopaminer Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EXPRESSIONS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF AQUAPORIN1 AND MICROVESSEL DENSITY IN HUMAN CERVICAL CARCINOMA 2008, 39 (3):  395-399.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To identify the expressions and distributions of aquaporin1 (AQP 1) and microvessel density (MVD) in human cervical carcinomas and their relationship, and investigate the roles of AQP1 and MVD in human cervical carcinomas. Methods The expressions of AQP1 and MVD in 74 cases of cervical carcinoma (46 cases of squamouscell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, 28 cases of in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix), in 34 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and in 15 cases of normal cervices by immunohistochemical technique. Results The expression of AQP1 was found in vascular endothelial cell of CIN, squamouscell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix, with the largest amount in adenocarcinoma and a same amount in CIN and squamouscell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. There was distinct difference in the intensities of squamouscell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and control groups. The expression rates of MVD gradually increased with the progress of cervical lesion. There were significant differences between the above 4 groups for MVD（P<0.01）. The expression of MVD was higher than that of AQP1 in squamous cell carcinoma, in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and in the control group, but they were the same in CIN. The expression rates of AQP1 and MVD in lymph node metastasis were obviously higher than those in nonlymph node metastasis. Conclusion AQP1 mainly expresses in vascular endothelial cell of CIN, squamouscell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Its expression is lower than that of MVD. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OUTFLOW TRACT IN THE EARLY EMBRYONIC HUMAN HEART 2008, 39 (3):  400-405.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the early development of the outflow tract of the embryonic human heart. Methods Serial sections of twenty-nine human embryonic hearts from Carnegie stage 10 to Carnegie stage 16 were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin), α-SCA（α-sarcomeric actin）, MHC (myosin heavy chain) and active caspase3 to investigate the relationship of splanchnic epithelium lining the dorsal wall of the pericardial cavity, the prepharyngeal mesenchyme and the aortic sac with the embryogenesis of the outflow tract myocardium. Results With the caudal translocation of the aortic sac and outflow tract relative to the pharyngeal arches during C10 to C15 and the dorsal expansion of the pericardial cavity on both lateral sides of the outflow tract, the aortic sac originally embedded in the prepharyngeal mesenchyme gradually protruded into the pericardial cavity. The pericardial splanchnic epithelium covering the mesenchymal wall of the aortic sac was found to differentiate progressively into α-SCA and MHC positive cardiomyocytes of the outflow tract. The prepharyngeal mesenchyme migrating to the dorsal and ventral walls of the arterial pole of the outflow tract was seen apoptosed at C15,and the outflow tract cardiomyocytes were detected to proliferate, migrate into and replace the apoptosed outflow tract mesenchymal masses. α-SMA positive cells began to appear in the outflow tract cushions at C12 and gradually aggregated to form two opposite spiral ridges. During C15 and C16, α-SMA positive cells in the posterior wall of the aortic sac proliferated and grew into the aortic sac to form the aortopulmonary septum that divided the aortic sac into the intrapericardial ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. Conclusion The splanchnic mesodermal epithelium of the pericardial cavity is the secondary heart field of the human embryonic heart, the continuous differentiation of which into cardiomyocytes brings about the increase in the length of the myocardial outflow tract. Cas3 positive staining suggests that not all of the prepharyngeal mesenchymal cells migrating to the arterial pole of the outflow tract can differentiate into cardiomyocytes. α-SMA positive cells in the outf Related Articles | Metrics

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EXPRESSION AND REGULATORY FUNCTION OF INTER RELATED POLYPEPTIDES DURING DEVELOPMENT OF RENAL TUBULES IN CHICK EMBRYO 2008, 39 (3):  406-412.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the expression of EGFR，TGF-β，AQP-2 and Bax during development of renal tubules in chick embryo，and explore the role and regulating significance of them. Methods The expression of EGFR，TGF-β，AQP-2 and Bax were observed by immunohistochemistry combined with stereological methods in 36 chicks kidney at 10th-46th incubation stages. The expression intensity of them was analyzed by IPP software. Results The epithelial cells of proximal tubules in chick embryo appeared EGFR immunoreactivity at 26th-46th stages；At 26th-37th stages the epithelial cells of proximal tubules and distal tubules of mesonephros appeared TGF-β immunoreactivity，the epithelial cells of proximal tubules and distal tubules of metanephros appeared TGF-β immunoreactivity at 33rd-40th stages，at 40th-46th stages the epithelial cells of proximal tubules of metanephros appeared TGF-β immunoreactivity but the epithelial cells of distal tubules did not appeare TGF-β immunoreactivity；The epithelial cells of collecting tubules in chick embryo appeared AQP-2 immunoreactivity at 26th-46th stages；The epithelial cells of proximal tubules and distal tubules of mesonephros appeared Bax immunoreactivity at 26th-37th stages，the epithelial cells of proximal tubules of metanephros appeared Bax immunoreactivity at 33rd-46th stages. Images showed the expressions of EGFR，TGF-β（βSUB>1/SUB>，β SUB>2/SUB>，βSUB>3/SUB>）and Bax first displayed up then down，but expression of AQP-2 always displayed up during develop Related Articles | Metrics

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IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ENDOCRINE CELLS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACTS OF CANIS LUPUS AND CANIS FAMILIARIS 2008, 39 (3):  413-419.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To clarify the morphological features, types, regional distributions and cell densities of gastrointestinal endocrine cells in various parts of the digestive tracts of Canis lupus and Canis familiaris. Methods Immunohistochemical techniques of streptavidin peroxidase (SP) method was used. Results Seven kinds of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were found positive in the digestive tracts of Canis lupus and Canis familiaris. The endocrine cells were mainly located between the epithelia cells of gastric gland, intestinal villus and intestinal gland. There were also some endocrine cells distributed in the lamina propria and submucosa. The endocrine cells found in the digestive tract were in various shapes. Most of the endocrine cells had long cell processes run ning out to the lumen or the nearby cells. Among these endocrine cells, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) positive cells had a widest distribution, followed by vasointestinal poplypetide(VIP) positive cells. The distributions of other cells were limited. From the comparison of the characters of endocrine cells of Canis lupus and Canis familiaris, most of the endocrine cells had similar morphological features and regional distributions except pancreatic polypeptide (PP) positive cells and substance P (SP) positive cells. There were differences in cell densities of some endocrine cells.Conclusion The results of Canis lupus and Canis familiaris reflect the similarity of mammals in the characteristics of the morphological features, types Related Articles | Metrics

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EPITHELIALMESENCHYMAL TRANSITION AND OSTEOPONTIN IN MICE BLEOMYCININDUCED PULMONARY FIBROSIS 2008, 39 (3):  420-425.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To confirm epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT) and the expression of osteopontin (OPN) in various periods of mice BLMinduced pulmonary fibrosis by semiquantitative analysis and pathomorphological evaluation. Methods sixty healthy adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the NS-Control group and the BLMinjured group，which were treated with 50μl NS and 50μl BLM solution by oropharyngeal aspiration respectively. Left lung tissues were taken from all the mice and paraffin imbedding and section were performed separately on days 3,7,14,21,28 after the treatment. The histopathological changes and total lung collagen content of mice were determined by hematoxylineosin staining and sirius red staining. The expressions of OPN,SP-C,E-Cadherin、FSP1 and vimentin were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Integrated absorbance(IA)of stained sections was measured by ImagePro Plus 6.0, and then the statistical analysis was done. Results The morphological changes of mice lung tissue in various periods were demonstrated by HE staining. Total lung collagen content of BLMgroup increased during the pulmonary fibrosis progress by picrosiriuspolarization staining (P<0.05) In immunohistochemical staining, the expression of OPN in the BLMgroup was more significant than that in the NSgroup, peaking on day 21-28; lots of SP-C positive typeⅡalveolar cell of normal size were observed in the NSgroup, and a progressive amount of positive cells in the fibrous focal zone with bigger cell body was seen in the BLMgroup; a few of E- Cadherin positive alveolar epithelial cells could be seen in the NStreated lung and 14-day and 21-day BLMinjured Related Articles | Metrics

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ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LYMPHATIC VESSELS IN HUMAN GASTRIC CANCER AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH LYMPH NODE METASTASIS 2008, 39 (3):  426-429.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the ultrastructural features of lymphatic vessels in human gastric carcinoma and discuss the metastasis mechanism of malignant cells by lypmphatic vessels. Methods The central, peripheral and normal regions of gastric cancer were obtained from postoperative samples of patients. Common resin embedded specimens were made. Lymphatic vessels were localized by hemithin sections under light microscope and observed by ultrathin sections under transmission electron microscope.Results There was no lymph vessel in carcinomatous central region. Compared with the normal region, the peripheral region of gastric carcinoma was found with more lymphatic vessels(t=3.270,P=0.002),more destroyed lymphatic vessels (χ SUP>2/SUP>=15.674,P=0.000),more interendothelial openning junctions（χSUP>2/SUP>=12.895,P=0.000）,and smaller lumina (t=-5315，P=0.000). Compared with gastric carcinoma without lymph node metastasis, there were more lymphatic vessels in peripheral region of gastric carcinoma with lymph metastasis（t=2.523，P=0.021）, more destroyed lymphatic vessels（χSUP>2/SUP>=5.281，P=0.022), and there was no statistical significance in the numbers of interendothelial opening and nonopening junctions （χ SUP>2/S Related Articles | Metrics

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EXPRESSION OF Bcl-2 AND BAX PROTEINS IN THE DEVELOPING ESOPHAGUS OF HUMAN EMBRYO 2008, 39 (3):  430-432.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the rule of cell proliferation, apoptosis and expression significance of involved proteins as Bcl-2 and Bax in the developing esophagus of human fetus. Methods In the second through the fourth month of gestation, the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were observed in 14 human esophagus using the ABC of immunohistochemical methods. Results In the second, the third and the fourth months of gestation, there were Bcl-2 positive cells distributed in the intermuscular and submucous nerve plexus, and the mucous epithelial cells in the human esophagus. Bax weakly positive cells were observed in the mucous epithelial cells of the human esophagus.Conclusion Bcl-2 and Bax proteins are closely related with the developing esophagus of human embryo. Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDIES ON LOCALIZATION OF GONADOTROPINRELEASING HORMONE RECEPTORS IN RAT LIVER 2008, 39 (3):  433-435.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To detect the existence of gonadotropinreleasing hormone receptors (GnRH-R) in rat liver,and to supply morphological evidence for studying the functional significance of the GnRH in hepatocyte. Methods Immunohistochemical SABC method and in situ hybridization with a digoxigenin labeled probe were used to study the localization of GnRH-R in the livers of five rats. Results The rat hepatocytes were found with the GnRH-R immunoreactivity and GnRH-R mRNA hybridization signals. The GnRH-R immunoreactive substance was distributed in the cytoplasm of all positive cells, with immunonegative nuclei. The GnRH-R mRNA hybridization signals were also detected in the cytoplasm of all positive cells but not in the nuclei. Hepatocytes in different parts of liver lobules showed different intensity of GnRH-R immunoreactivity and GnRH-R mRNA hybridization signals.Conclusion The rat hepatocyte may express GnRH-R. The hepatocytes in different parts in liver lobules exhibit different Related Articles | Metrics

技术方法

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THE COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS SHOWING THE BLOODSUPPLY OF PERIPHERAL NERVE 2008, 39 (3):  436-439.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of three methods showing the blood supply of peripheral nerve, and provide morphological basis for vascularized nerve grafts. Methods The blood supply of brachial plexus and its main branches were observed on fresh cephalothoraxupper limb specimen or adult cadavers, using the perfusion method by red latex, Kato method by ink, and contrast radiography method by gelatinlead oxide respectively. Results The blood supply of brachial plexus and its main branches were displayed by all the three methods, but each method had its own characteristics: the perfusion method by latex showed the extrinsic blood supply of the peripheral nerve; Kato method by ink showed the intrinsic blood supply of the peripheral nerve; contrast radiography method by gelatinlead oxide showed the extrinsic and intrinsic blood supply of the peripheral nerve.Conclusion The perfusion method by red latex, Kato method by ink and contrast radiography method by gelatinlead oxide can be applied respectively to the studies of extrinsic, intrinsic and integral topography of blood s Related Articles | Metrics

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THE COMPARISON OF THE EXPRESSIONS OF p16SUP>ink4a/SUP> AND Ki-67 IN HUMAN CERVICAL LESIONS 2008, 39 (3):  440-443.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To compare the expressions of p16SUP>ink4a/SUP> and Ki-67 in human cervical lesions. Methods The expressions of p16SUP>ink4a/SUP> and Ki-67 protein were measured with immunhistochemical staining in 42 human normal uterine cervical tissues, 21 with human cervical intraepitheial neoplasia(CIN) Ⅰ, 21 with CINⅡ, and 36 with CINⅢ. The relevance of the expressions of the two proteins to CIN grades was analyzed by Spearman Correlation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive values, and youden’s index of p16SUP>ink4a/SUP> and Ki-67 were also studied. Results For p16SUP>ink4a/SUP>， the sensitivity and specificity were 83.3% and 90.5%； the positive and negative predictive values were 942% and 745%； Youden’s index was 0.738 For Ki-67， the sensitivity and specificity were 98.7% and 16.7%； the positive and negative predictive values were 68.75% and 87.5%； Youden’s index was 0.154 Both the sensitivity and specificity for the combined Ki-67 and 16ink4a are 83.3%. Conclusion p16SUP>ink4a/SUP> has higher specificity and positive predictive value, and is a good diagnostic marker for cervical lesion. By contrast, Ki-67 has Related Articles | Metrics

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STEM CELLDIVERGENT IN ORIGIN, BUT SIMILAR IN REGULATION 2008, 39 (3):  444-446.  doi: Abstract ( )   Related Articles | Metrics