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2008, Volume 39 Issue 2
06 April 2008 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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EXPRESSION OF INHIBITOR OF DNA BINDING-2 IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEURAL STEM CELLS IN THE ANTERIOR SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE OF DEVELOPING RAT BRAINS 2008, 39 (2):  137-141.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To know the role of inhibitor of DNA binding 2(Id2) in the development of neural stem cells(NSCs) in the anterior subventricular zone(SVZa) . Methods To examine the expression of Id2 in SVZa,rostral migratory stream(RMS) and olfactory bulb (OB) in E14, P0，P7, P14, P30 adult and old rat brains by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of Id2 peaked at the area of RMS, and was less positive in SVZa and the least in OB at different time courses of developing rat brains.The expression of Id2 in the three areas in E14 were higher than that on the postnatal day, higher in OB and RMS in adult than that on P0,and remain high in old.However,the expression of Id2 in SVZa in adult was weaker than that on P0.Conclusion The expression of Id2 in the deveolpment of SVZa NSCs indicates that Id2 plays an important role in blocking the differentiation of SVZa NSCs and increasing the proliferation of SVZa NSCs. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ANALOG 165 OF APP5-MER PEPTIDE ON SYNAPSES OF NEURON IN HIPPOCAMPUS OF STZ-AD RATS 2008, 39 (2):  142-148.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effects of analog 165 of APP5-mer peptide on the expression of synaptic related proteins in neurons of the hippocampus through intracerebroventricular(ICV) injection of streptozotocin(STZ) in rats. Methods A total of 45 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and treated group. Rats in the model and treated groups received intracerebroventricular injection of STZ bilaterally. After three weeks, rats in the treated group received gastric perfusion of analog 165 of APP5-mer peptide. After the fourweek treatment, the memory of the rats was surveyed by Morris water maze test.The expressions of synaptic related proteins, such as postsynaptic density_95 protein(PSD-95), synaptophysin and α-Synuclein, were tested with immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. The ultrastructure of the neurons of hippocampus was observed with transmission electron microscope. Results 1.Fullcourse swimming time was obviously longer in the model group than that those in the treated and control groups. 2.In the model group, the expressions of PSD-95 and synaptophysin decreased,and the expression of α-Synuclein increased. The treated group normalized the expression of the targeted proteins. 3.Retrograde degeneration of the neurons of hippocampus was observed in the model group, and dysmorphic synapses were observed in the neuropil. Conclusion There are low PSD-95, synaptophysin levels and high α-Synuclein levels in the ICV injected brain of STZ rats. Analog 165 of APP5-mer peptide improves the expression of the three proteins to some extent; therefo Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EFFECT OF HIF-1α INHIBITOR ON THE INJURY INDUCED BY FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION IN RATS 2008, 39 (2):  149-154.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of hypoxiainducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) inhibitor(2ME2) on the injury induced by focal cerebral ischemia. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (sham surgery), Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion(MCAO), MCAO treated with vehicle(DMSO), MCAO treated with 2ME2. 2ME2 was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour after operation. The neurological deficits were observed in different groups. Rats were sacrificed 7 days later for TTC staining and 24 hours later for Western blotting, Nissl staining, immunohistochemical and TUNEL studies. Results 2ME2 improved neurological deficits(P<0.05), reduced the infarct area (P<0.05), inhibited the neuronal deformation shown by Nissl staining and reduced the expression of HIF-1α, activated Caspase-3, BNIP3 and VEGF detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining.Conclusion 2ME2 is a powerful agent to protect the brain from cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting HIF-1α activity, attenuating the superfluous expression of VEGF which results in the protection of Blood_Brain_Barrier (BBB) permeability, supp Related Articles | Metrics

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THE ROLE OF Erk SIGNAL PATHWAY IN B104 CMINDUCED OPC DIFFERENTIATION FROM NSCs 2008, 39 (2):  155-159.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the role of extracellular signalregulated kinase (Erk) and transcriptional factors such as c-fos, c-jun in B104 CMinduced oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) differentiation from neural stem cells (NSCs). Methods The effect of U0126, the specific inhibitor of Erk1/2, on B104 CM induced OPC differentiation from NSCs was observed by morphology. The phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and mRNA expression of transcriptional factors c-fos, c-jun and c-myc in NSCs in the control group, B104 CM treated group and U0126 preincubated group were detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR methods respectively. Results B104 CMinduced OPC differentiation from NSCs could be blocked by preincubation of U0126 Treatment of NSCs with B104 CM produced a rapid increase in phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and an upregulation of c-fos andc-jun mRNA expression, which could be blocked by the preincubation of U0126 Conclusion B104 CM instructs oligodendrocyte differentiation from NSCs through the activ Related Articles | Metrics

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CELL PROLIFERATION IN THE SPINAL CORD OF ADULT ALS TRANSGENIC MICE 2008, 39 (2):  160-164.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the cell proliferation and survival in the spinal cord of adult ALS transgenic mice. Methods BrdU was injected at different time points,and frozen sections were made.The cell proliferation,distribution and survival in the spinal cords were detected by immunofluorescence labeling technology. Results In ALS transgenic mice,BrdU positive cells were detected in the central canal, gray matter and white matter of the adult spinal cord, which were often found in pairs of cells of a similar size and shape. Within the gray matter,most of these cells were located in the ventral horn. In the white matter, BrdU positive cells were more diffused. There were more BrdU positive cells in ALS transgenic mice than in the wildtype mice. BrdU positive cells were detected both on the 1st and 14th day after BrdU injection, but the changes in the number was decreased.There were a few positive cells detected mainly in the central canal on the 28th day.Proliferating_cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining paralled the locations and characteristics of BrdU staining. For 95dayold mice (1 day after the last BrdU injection),there were more Nestin positive cells in the spinal cord of ALS transgenic mice than in the wildtype mice.Most Nestin positive cells were located in the ventral horn,and BrdU incorporation colocalized in some cells with Nestin expression. No BrdUpositive/Nestinpositive cells were detected when spinal cords were evaluated 14 or 28 days after BrdU injections.Conclusion There is a significant cell proliferation in response to neurod Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECT OF CGRP AND NGF ON THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF CREB PROTEIN IN RAT HIPPOCAMPUS DURING FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION 2008, 39 (2):  165-169.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and nerve growth factor (NGF) on the expression of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) in rat hippocampus during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was set up by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery using the intraluminal suture method.The expression of CREB and p-CREB in the right hippocampus were detected with immunohistochemistrical SABC method and Western blotting. The immunoreactive positive products were analyzed by image analysis system. Results The expression of CREB decreased in I/R group as compared with sham group in right hippocampus, but the expression of p-CREB was higher in I/R group than that in sham group（P<0.05）. The average absorbence (A) of CREB and p-CREB positive products in CGRP group and NGF group were higher than that in I/R group（P<0.05）. Furthermore, the expression of CREB and p-CREB was even higher under the combined treatment of CGRP and NGF than that in CGRP group and NGF group respectively（P<0.05）.Conclusion CREB may be involved in the mechanism of protective effect of CGRP and NGF on ischemic neurons. CGRP and NGF may have coordinated protective effect on the isc Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECTS OF HYPOXIA IN UTERUS ON nNOS EXPRESSION IN POSTNATAL MOUSE PARIETAL CORTEX AND THE LEARNING AND MEMORY ABILITY OF ADULT MOUSE 2008, 39 (2):  170-174.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the effects of hypoxia in uterus on nNOS expression in postnatal mouse parietal cortex and the learning and memory ability of adult mouse. Methods The number and shape of parietal cortex neurons during postnatal development with hypotonic hypoxia in uterus were observed by Nissl staining. The expression of nNOS in parietal cortex neurons during postnatal development with hypoxia in the uterus was studied with immunohistochmistry. The ability to learn and memorize in adult mouse was observed by Morris water maze. Results Compared with the control group, the number of neurons in parietal cortex from mouse during postnatal development in hypoxic group reduced significantly（P<0.05）and the expression of nNOS in parietal cortex neurons during postnatal development in the hypoxic group decreased significantly (Ｐ1，P<0.01； Ｐ7，P<0.05； Ｐ14，P<0.05； Ｐ28，P<0.01； Ｐ90，P<0.01). The period from latency to escape platform was prolonged (1 day,2 days, P<0.05; 3 days,4 day Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECT OF HUMAN STRIATAL EXTRACTS ON NSCs DIFFERENTIATION 2008, 39 (2):  175-179.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To isolate and cultivate human embryo neural stem cells and study the effect of striatal extracts on inducing NSCs to differentiate. Methods\ The human embryo neural stem cells derived from hippocampus were isolated, purified and then induced by human embryo striatal extracts. The ratio of neurons and dopaminergic neurons were respectively detected by immunochemistry method and immunoflurescence, and the expression of TH-mRNA were evaluated by the method of RT-PCR. Results\ Although the NSE+ cells rate in the experimental group(23.50±1.60)% was higher than that in the control group(21.89±2.17)%, there was no significant statistical difference between them(P>0.05). The ratio of TH+ cells in the experimental group(7.38±0.84)% was higher than that in the control group(0.53±0.17)%,and there was significant statistical difference between the two group(P<0.05). The expression of TH-mRNA was not evident in the control group, but was positive in the experimental group. There was a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion\ Human embryo striatal extracts cannot induce human embryo NSCs to differentiating into more neurons but it helps in Related Articles | Metrics

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FUFANGBIEJIARUANGANFANG DRUG SERUM ON THE EXPRESSION OF TGF-β TYPE Ⅰ RECEPTOR AND Smad-3 PROTEIN IN RAT HSCs 2008, 39 (2):  180-186.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of fufangbiejiaruanganfang drug serum on the expression of TGF-β type I receptor and Smad-3 protein in rat hepatic stellate cells(HSCs). Methods Immunocytochemical staining and image analysis were applied to investigate the effect of different dosages of fufangbiejiaruanganfang drug serums on the expression of TGF-β type I receptor and Smad-3 protein in rat HSCs. Results High and medium dosage of fufangbiejiaruanganfang drug serum remarkably downregulated the expression of TGF-β type I receptor and Smad-3 protein in rat HSCs in a dosedependent manner. Conclusion The experiment demonstrated that fufangbiejiaruanganfang drug serums can downregulate the expression of TGF-β type I receptor and Smad-3 protein in HSCs and further inhibit the activation of HSCs and improve liver fibrosis. So the downregulation of TGF-β type I receptor in HSCs may be one of Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDY ON ANTI-AGING IN THE OVARY OF THE AGING MODEL RAT BY TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE HESHOUWUYIN 2008, 39 (2):  187-192.  doi: Abstract ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EXPRESSION OF PANCREATIC TRIGLYCERIDE LIPASE IN THE RAT PRIMARY TYPE-1 AND TYPE-2 ASTROCYTES 2008, 39 (2):  193-196.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To compare the expression of pancreatic triglyceride lipase in type-1 (T1A) and type-2 astrocytes (T2A). Methods Purified cultures of cortical T1A and T2A were prepared from neonatal rats. The expression of pancreatic triglyceride lipase mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). And the protein level was determined by immunocytochemistry with laser scanning confocal microscope. Results RT-PCR showed that the expression of pancreatic triglyceride lipase mRNA was negative in T1A and positive at a high level in T2A. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that pancreatic triglyceride lipase expressed at a low level in T1A and was mainly distributed in the nuclei. By contrast, pancreatic triglyceride lipase expressed at a high level in T2A and was distributed diffusedly in the cytoplasm, nuclei and processes. Conclusion T1A and T2A showed different expression levels of pancreatic triglyceride lipase. Pancreatic triglyceride lipase expressed at a high level in T2A, which indicated that T2A may play an important role in the metabolism of lipids in the central nervous system. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE STUDY ON hsMAD2 GENE IN SPONTANEOUS ABORTION EMBRYOS WITH CHROMOSOMAL NUMERICAL ABNORMALITY 2008, 39 (2):  197-201.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the function of hsMAD2 gene in spontaneous abortion embryos with chromosomal numerical abnormality. Methods The results of quantitative realtime RT-PCR and Western blotting method were used to display the mRNA and protein level of hsMAD2 gene both in spontaneous abortion embryos with chromosomal numerical abnormality (experimental group)and with chromosomal numerical normality (control group). Recombinant shRNA plasmids was constructed targeting hsMAD2 gene to inhibit the expression of endogenous hsMAD2 genes in embryonic cells; interference efficiency was demonstrated by FQ-PCR and Western blotting; cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay；cell cycle was assessed by FCM. Results Western blotting analysis showed that compared with the control group, the protein levels of hsMAD2 in the experimental group decreased significantly.Recombinant shRNA plasmids could significantly and specially inhibit hsMAD2 gene expression in embryonic cells and could inhibit up to 58% of embryonic cells proliferation 48 hours after the transfection. Efficient shRNA can decrease G0/G1 and S phase cells, and increase G2/M phase cells. Conclusion The downexpression of hsMAD2 gene probably plays an important role in the development of spontaneous abortion embryos with chromosomal numerical abnormality. The study provides preliminary data for further establishment of diagnostic or therapeutic criteria on spontaneo Related Articles | Metrics

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THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL EXPRESSION OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTOR NANOG IN MURINE PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS 2008, 39 (2):  202-206.  doi: Abstract ( )   P>Objective To study the temporal and spatial expression of Nanog in developing primordial germ cells (PGCs) of mouse. Methods Immunofluorescence technique was taken to qualitatively analyze the expression of Nanog in PGCs of 7.5days(post-coitus days)-15.5days mouse embryo. A further quantitative analysis of Nanog expression change in PGCs of 11.5days-15.5days mouse embryo was done by using SSEA-1 and Nanog double labelling immunofluorescence staining with confocal microscopy. Results The PGCs in mouse allantois,hindgut,dorsal mesentery and genital ridge were Nanog positive. Both of the highest positive ratio and the highest fluorescence intensity appeared in PGCs of 11.5days mouse embryo. For the female mice, Nanog expression drops dramatically after 12.5days, and for the male mice, a noticeable decline of Nanog expression was occurred after 13.5 post-coitus days. Conclusion Nanog expresses stably in the proliferating PGCs. The downregulation of its expression may be related with the differentiation of PGCs./P> Related Articles | Metrics

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THE ROLE OF PROTEIN KINASE B IN THE APOPTOSIS OF GASTRIC CANCER CELLS INDUCED BY 12-O-TETRADECANOYLPHORBOL1,3ACETATE 2008, 39 (2):  207-213.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the role of protein kinase B (PKB) in gastric cancer BGC-823 cells treated by TPA. Methods Flow cytomety(FAC) and fluorescence microscope were used to detect the effect of TPA on gastric cancer BGC-823 cells, after cells were treated by BrdU and stained by DAPI, respectively. The effect of TPA on the expression level of PKB protein and its phosphorylation of Ser 473 and Thr 308 were investigated by Western blotting. When nuclear and cytoplasmic protein fractions were prepared through lysis of cell and centrifugation, the effect of TPA on the expression level of PKB protein and its phosphorylation of Ser 473 in cytoplasm and nuclei were detected by Western blotting. Meanwhile, the effect of TPA on the distribution of PKB was observed under laserscanning confocal microscope with immunofluorescence technique. Results TPA induced the apoptosis of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells. It also induced the inhibition of PKB protein expression in a TPA concentrationdependent and timedependent manner in gastric cancer BGC-823 cells, regardless of dephosphorylation of PP2A.TPA inhibited the phosphorylation of PKB at Ser 473, but it did not affect its phosphorylation at Thr308. TPA only attenuated the expression level of PKB and its phosphorylation of Ser 473 in nuclei, whereas it did not change the distribution of PKB in BGC-823 cells. Conclusion These data suggest that the inhibition of PKB plays an important role in mediating the effect of TPA in gastric cell line. Apoptosis induced by TPA is partly due to the inhibition of PKB and its phosphorylation of Ser 47 Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EXPRESSION OF PHOSPHOMAPKS IN THE ADULT RAT TESTIS 2008, 39 (2):  214-218.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun Nterminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK are three major members of mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs) subfamilies. Clarifying the localization of the three activated MAPKs in testes will help us to understand their functions in spermatogenesis. Methods The expression of phospho (p-) ERK, p-JNK , p-p38 MAPK was detected in normal adult rat testes by the immunohistochemical method. Results p-ERK , one of the MAPKs, expressed prominently in the nuclei of spermatogonia, spermatocytes (preleptotene to pachytene spermatocytes), and elongating spermatids（step 9-12）. While, p-JNK was localized at sites of intraepithelial contact between the SertoliSertoli cells and Sertoligerm cells (especially step 19 spermatids). Meanwhile, the distribution of p-p38 MAPK, the third member of MAPKs, was a little different. Besides its localization in the seminiferous epithelium, the strongest staining of p-p38 MAPK was presented in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells. Conclusion The three members of MAPKs are distributed differently in normal rat testes, which strongly suggests that they regulate the different processes in spermatogenesis. ERK may be involved in controlling germ cell mitosis, meiosis and spermiogenesis, and JNK may modulate actin dynamics to regulate the migration of spermatocytes and spermatids in seminiferous epithelium. Except being combined with JNK to control the spermiati Related Articles | Metrics

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A DIGITAL STUDY ON THE MORPHOLOGIC COMPARABILITY BETWEEN MERIDIANS AND REBUILD FASCIA LINES IN THE VCH-M1’S LOWER LIMB 2008, 39 (2):  219-222.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the evidence for the morphologic comparability between the meridians and interstitial connective tissues in the lower limb with automarked and 3DRebuilding technology. Methods First, the muscles were extracted and noise was eliminated; With edge detection a convex hull of the muscles edge was found; The interstitial connective tissue points were marked in the cross section images of left leg from the digital dataset of Virtual Chinese HumanMale1 (VCH-M1). Finally, the automarked images were reconstructed with 3D-Doctor. Results The reconstructed meridians in the lower limb automarked with computer procedures tallied basically with the meridians and collaterals recorded in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) illustrative graphics. Conclusion Having the advantages of digital anatomic study on acupuncture points earlier and mature 3D-Rebuilding techniques,the department of Anatomy of South Medical University cooperated with the Department of Scientific Calculation and Computer Application of Sun Yat_sen University to devise a set of computer programs which could be used to AutoMark interstitial connective tissues in Virtual Human lower limbs and then reconstruct virtual fascia meridians which corresponded with the TCM records. This method avoided manmade error to a certain degree in the process of recognizing and rebuilding of fascias. The study is significant to explore the morphologic comparability between the meridians and col Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECT OF OVARIECTOMY ON THE EXPRESSION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTER SUBTYPE IN THE ADRENAL GLANDS OF THE RATS 2008, 39 (2):  223-226.  doi: Abstract ( )   P>Objective The mechanism of the influence on adrenal glands of the ovariectomy rats was studied by observing the expression of estrogen receptor subtype in adrenal glands of the rats. Methods Twenty adult female Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups:the shamoperated group(10 rats) and the model group(10 rats). After 6 weeks all rats were killed and the adrenal glands were excised, and the tissues in each group were studied with the method of immunohistochemistry. The level of estrogen(E2) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in blood serum was measured by radiation immunohistology. Results 1.Staining for ERα and ERβ were the densest in zona fasciculats and zona reticularis with lesser staining in the zona glomerulosa. ERα expressed weaker than ERβ. 2.ERβ expressed in the sham-operated groups and less intensity than in the model groups, it had statistically significant. 3.The level of FSH in the serum of the ovariectomy rats was increasing and the E2 was decreasing, there was great difference between the shamoperated groups and the model group. Conclusion The expression of either ERα or ERβ on the rat adrenal gland was obviously influenced by ovariectomy, espec Related Articles | Metrics

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IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATION OF IMMUNE CELLS IN THE KIDNEY OF PATIENTS WITH SARS 2008, 39 (2):  227-230.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the expression of the immune cells and their roles in the kidney of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome（SARS）by immunohistochemical staining. Methods Immune cells of the kidney in 6 SARS cases and 3 control cases were labeled by immunohistochemical staining, and positive cells were morphologically observed and quantitatively analyzed by image analysis system. Results CD68 positive monocytes/macrophages increased significantly in SARS cases（EM>P/EM>0.05）, CD3 positive T lymphocytes, CD20 positive B lymphocytes and S100 positive dendritic cells, however, had no differences between SARS cases and control cases（EM>P/EM>＞0.05）. Conclusion Monocytes/macrophages are major immune response cells in the SARS kidney which indicates that monocytes/macrophages may play an important role in the pathological changes of the SARS kidney. It is Related Articles | Metrics

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SPATI-TEMPORAL EXPRESSION OF CONNEXIN 43 IN THECULTURED VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIAL CELLS OF NEONATAL RATS 2008, 39 (2):  231-234.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the spatiotemporal expression of connexin 43(Cx43) in the cultured ventricular myocardial cells of neonatal rats. Methods The techniques of Immunocytochemistry（ICC） and immunoelectron microscopy were used to detect the Cx43 expression in the cultured rat ventricular myocardial cells on the 2nd,4th,8th, 10th,12th,16th,20th,26th and 30th days. Results Cx43 expression was detected in the cultured ventricular myocardial cells on the 2nd day,and the Cx43 granules were located largely in the cellular cytoplasm and membrane.The punctiform granule of the cellular cytoplasm decreased and the expression of Cx43 was located mainly in cellular membrane junction on the 4th day.The expression of Cx43 increased in cellular membrane junction on the 10th day,and the morphology of Cx43 expression was chain_and strip_like. There were not obvious changes in the following days.The expression of Cx43 on the 30th day was derangement. Conclusion The spatio-temporal expression of Cx43 in the cultured ventricular myocardial cells of neonatal rats changed with the cultural time in terms of location and quantity. It was in accordance with the growth and development of the cultured Related Articles | Metrics

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DISTRIBUTIONS OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS ALPHA AND BETA IN THE CONJUNCTIVA EPITHELIUM AND HENLE GLAND OF THE RATS 2008, 39 (2):  235-237.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To clarify the distribution of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in conjunctiva epithelium and Henle gland of rats. Methods Among the twentytwo eyelid specimens of puberty female SD rat were studied by immunohistochemical method. The serum estradiol level of rats was examed by radioimmunoassay. Results Among the twentytwo eyelid specimens, nineteen were positive for estrogen receptor alpha and seventeen for estrogen receptor beta in conjunctiva epithelium. Eighteen were positive for estrogen receptor alpha and seventeen for estrogen receptor beta basal cell in the deep part of Henle gland. All were negative for the two receptors in the goblet cell of Henle gland. The positive rates for the two receptores in conjunctiva epithelium do not statistically show a significant difference (P＞0.05 ); the positive rates for the two receptors in the basal cell in the deep part of the Henle gland do not statistically show a significant difference either (P＞0.05 ). The serum estradiol level of rat was (22.13±3.54)ng/L. Conclusion Those results showed that estrogen and its receptors has an important role in adjusting conjunctiva epithelium and the basal cell in the deep part of Henle gland, while t Related Articles | Metrics

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THE OPTIMAL COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN FOR LAG SCREW INTERNAL FIXATION IN THE POSTERIOR COLUMN OF THE ACETABULUM 2008, 39 (2):  238-242.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate a special optimized technique for computer aided measure, and provide an anatomical basis for the placement of lag screw in the posterior column of the acetabulum. Methods Eighty accurate hemi-pelvis models were reconstructed from 40 CT data sets. The optimization objective function, for improving the placement of lag screw, was built by adaptively sampling the weighted distance of screws to the acetabulum boundary according to surgical requirements, and the two end points of the screw were modified iteratively to reduce the objective value under constraints. The statistical measure data were provided according to new anatomical reference landmarks for clinical use. Results The optimal entry point for lag screw fixation in the posterior column was located (18.90±1.19) mm above the line connecting the anterior borderline of the sacroiliac joint with the notch between the anterior superior iliac spine and the anterior inferior iliac spine, and the connecting line was divided by the perpendicular project point with a proportion of 2∶3. The mean inclination of the lag screw was (85.99±2.04)° for angle with the line connecting the entry point with the notch between the anterior superior iliac spine and the anterior inferior iliac spine, and (37.54±1.55)° for angle with the line connecting the entry point with the perpendicular project point; the mean length of the lag screws in the posterior column was (133.07±3.22)mm. Conclusion The automatic optimized technique for the computer aided measure is very efficient and has many advantages over the conventional manual dissection methods, and Related Articles | Metrics

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MORPHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND THREEDIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PALLIAL THICKENING IN THE LIZARD GEKKO GECKO 2008, 39 (2):  243-247.  doi: Abstract ( )   P> Objective To clarify the position, figure and connections with adjacencies in the pallial thickening (Pth), and provide essential parameters for its function study. Methods The coronal serial sections of 60μm thickness in gekko gecko brain were made by cryomicrotome, and Nissl staining was used. Pictures were taken in each coronal section containing the Pth and the size of Pth in each section was measured. One of them was chosen for the threedimensional reconstruction. 3D MAX was used as the tool software to rebuild the nucleus. Results 1. The Pth was located in the rostral part of the telencephalon, the lateral part of anterior dorsal ventricular ridge, the medial part of the lateral cortex and the ventral part of the dorsal cortex. The length of Pth from the rostral to the caudal end was (912.67±110.96)μm (n=10), the cubage of Pth was about (0.1430±0.0414)μm3 (n=10). 2. The Pth could be divided into four segments, the anterior, the middle, the posterior and the terminal segments from the rostral to the caudal end. In the posterior segment, its dorsoventral axis was the longest, and could be divided into two parts: the dorsal and the ventral parts. The boundary of the two parts was clear.Conclusion The Pth is a long, narrow and flat structure; its rostrocaudal axis is longer than its dorsoventral axis, and its dorsal edge is smoother than its ventral edge. In the Pth, its caudal region is larger than its rostral Related Articles | Metrics

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THE FUNCTION OF HOXa-10 GENE IN THE COURSE OF MOUSE BLASTOCYST IMPLANTATION 2008, 39 (2):  248-251.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the function of HOXa-10 gene in the course of mouse blastocyst implantation. Methods Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was applied to detect the expression of HOXa-10 gene in normal mice and day1, day2, day3 day4,day5 and day7 pregnant mice. Plasmid containing the HOXa-10 cDNA fragment with liposome and plasmid containing HOXa-10 antisense oligonucleotides with liposome were transfected respectively into the uterine horns of day 2 pregnant mice, and the number of blastocyst implanted was counted and compared with that of normal day 2 pregnant mouse. Results HOXa-10 gene expression in the pregnant group is higher than that of the nonpregnant group, and the results showed a gradual increasing trend as days went by: HOXa-10 gene expression was the highest on pregnancy d4，began descending on pregnancy d5 and was close to that of non_pregnancy on pregnancy d7. The number of blastocyst increased in the uterine horns which were injected with plasmid containing the HOXa-10 cDNA fragment with liposome. On the contrary, the number of blastocyst decreased in the uterine horns which were injected with plasmid containing HOXa-10 antisense oligonucleotides with liposome(P<0.05).Conclusion HOXa-10 gene is persistently expressed in mice endometrium during early pregnancy and may participate in the regulation process of mouse blastodyst i Related Articles | Metrics

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ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON VON EBNER’ GLAND OF DIABETES RATS 2008, 39 (2):  252-254.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the ultrastructure changes on von Ebner’s gland of type 2 diabetes rats. Methods Eighteen Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and experiment group. The diabetes rats model were induced by intraperitoneal injection streptozotocin (STZ) after highfat food.The von Ebner’s gland ultrastructure was observed under transmission electron microscope （TEM） after 8 weeks. Results Compared with the control group, in diabetes rats acinar cell nucleus appeared nucleolemma introcession and karyopycnosis; mitochondria exhibited vacuole degeneration and crista breaking; rough endoplasmic reticula expanded and showed degranulation.Conclusion A sereies of pathologic changes in von Ebner’s gland of diabetes rats can be induced by diabetes, which provides morphological evidences fo Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EXPRESSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF TGF-β1,SMAD4 AND BAX PROTEIN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAT EMBRYONIC HEART 2008, 39 (2):  255-259.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the development of rat heart and the expressions of TGF-β1,SMAD4 and Bax protein to detect the location and mechanism of action in different developmental periods of rat heart. Methods Histology and immunohistochemistry of rat embryonic hearts from day11 to day19(E11～E19) in paraffinembedded were used to analyze the heart development and TGF-β1,SMAD4 and Bax protein expressions. Results The muscular part of interventricular septum appeared on E12.5,and the partition of the ventricle finished on E16.The positive expression of TGF-β1 can be seen in the rat embryonic heart during E11～E19. The positive staining was increased to E15 and then declined significantly .The expression of SMAD4 was enhanced gradually and the positive signals were strong on E17,and a spatial difference was found in the expression on E13. The expression peaks of the Bax protein appeared on E15 then subsided to a stable.Conclusion The critical period of cardiac muscle cell differentiation and heart moulding was E15. TGF-β1,Smad4 Related Articles | Metrics

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DIGITAL ANATOMY OF THE DEEP CIRCUMFLEX ILIAC ARTERY OSTEOCUTANEOUS PERFORATOR FLAP 2008, 39 (2):  260-263.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To determine the anatomical basis of an algorithm to safely elevate the deep circumflex iliac artery osteocutaneous perforator (DCIAP) flap. Methods 1. Six unfixed corpses underwent whole body gelatine/lead oxide injection. Specimens were dissected by layers. Angiography and photography were used to document the precise course, size, location, and type of individual perforators in the lateral lumbar region. The surface areas of cutaneous territories and perforator zones were measured and calculated with Photoshop and Scion Image. 2. One specimen also underwent whole body carboxymethylcellulose/lead oxide injection, CT scan and 3D-Reconstrution. Results An average of 1-6 DCIA perforators with a diameter of 0.7mm was present in 92% of specimens. Perforators were located 5～10 cm posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine, 12～35mm above the crest, with a perforator zone of 31 cm2. The DCIA reliably perfused the medial aspect of the iliac crest. Conclusion The DCIA reliably perfused the medial aspect of the iliac crest and lateral lumbar region. It offers a large quantity of bone on a pedicle of large diameter. The mobility of the skin component allows better tissue positioning during complex reconstructions. Related Articles | Metrics

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A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE RESEARCHON ANTEROLATERAL THIGH FLAP 2008, 39 (2):  264-266.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To understand the status and developmental trends of the research on anterolateral thigh flap. Methods The PubMed search was downloaded and the results were imported into the EndNote database, then the distribution was analysed by age, nation, language, periodical and frequency. Results There were 236 articles on anterolateral thigh flap in PubMed from 1996 to August 2006. The amount of articles multiply increased from 2002 to August 2006, at eighty percent of all. They were published in 8 languages, in 47 journals and from 9 countries.China and the USA are the major countries of the publication, with 77 articles each, which altogether took up 65.2% of the total. Words of a high frequency are as follows: free skip flap, island skin flap, ultrathin skin flap, perforating artery, and descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery, the frequency ratio of which is up to 97.46%.Conclusion The papers on anterolateral thigh flap are written mainly by China and USA; English is the main publishing language; The articles are chiefly published by Plast Reconstr Surg and other 8 journals. The research emphases of the anterolateral thigh flap are on free skip flap, perforating flap, ultrathin skin flap, and island flap. Angiography and 3D-reconstruction are the recent techniques for the research. Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDY ON THE DIGIT RATIO OF HUI AND HAN ETHNIC GROUPS IN NINGXIA 2008, 39 (2):  267-271.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To study the digit ratio of the Hui and the Han ethnic groups in Ningxia, analyze the mean values of left and right hands of different sexes and nationalities, and compare the characteristics of mean values distribution in different races. Methods Physique measurements were used to study the digit ratios （2D：3D; 2D：4D;2D：5D;3D：4D;3D：5D;4D：5D）of left and right hands of 412 individuals (219 males, 193 females) of the Hui and 439 individuals (241 males, 198 females) of the Han nationalities. Results Mean values of digit ratios present a trend as: 2D：3D<2D：4D<3D：4D<2D：5D<4D：5D<3D：5D. Significant differences of 2D：3D;2D：4D;2D：5D of left hands and right hands were found between males and females in the same nationality（P<0.05）. Females had higher mean values than males.For the same sex, there was no significant dif Related Articles | Metrics

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PHOSPHHISTONE H3——AN APPROACH TO DETECT THE MITOTIC INDEX OF CARDIOMYOCYTES 2008, 39 (2):  272-274.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective Applying a reliable precise method to assess the mitotic index of cardiomyocytes, to disclose of disclosure the mechanism implicated in cardiomyocytes proliferation. Methods H9c2(2-1) cardiomyocytes were originally developed from rat BD1X heart (ATCC). These cells were cultured on coverslips. Double immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies (1:100) against phosphor-histone H3 and α-sarcomeric actin was performed on the cultured cells. Anti-mouse IgG FITC was used as the secondary antibody for the H3P antibody, and antimouse IgM Cy3 was used as the secondary antibody for the α-sarcomeric actin. DNA was visualized with Hochest 33342. All photographs were taken with an Olympus fluorescence microscope. Results The cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes appeared red, the mitotic chromosomes green with distinct shape, and Hochest 33342-stained nuclei blue.Conclusion Our method is the reliable and exact means to observe and assess cardiomyocy Related Articles | Metrics

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ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF RAT FETAL EPIDERMAL STEM CELL AND ITS DIFFERENTIATION IN VIVO 2008, 39 (2):  275-279.  doi: Abstract ( )   Objective To explore a feasible and efficient method for isolating rat fetal epidermal stem cells (rfESCs) , and to observe the differentiation potential of rfESCs in vivo. Methods The different development stages of SD rat fetal skin, ED14，ED16, ED18 and ED20, were collected and the structures were analyzed by HE staining. The rfESCs were isolated by rapidly adhering to rat tail collagen (RA-RTC) and were cultured in keratinocyteserum free medium(K-SFM). The expression of β1integrin and cytokeratin 19 in rfESCs were detected by immunhistochemical staining. Meanwhile, the cell cycle and proliferative capacity were also determined. To induce its differentiation, these cells were grafted onto porous gelatin sponge after labelled with a fluorescent dye (PKH26), and then transferred into rat subrenal capsule. Results Epidermis and dermis were incompletely differentiated until ED18. The rfESCs were effectively isolated from ED18 rat fetal skin by RARTC. The expressions of cytokeratin 19 and β1integrin in rfESCs were positive. Cell cycle analysis indicated a slow cell cycle. rfESCs were differentiated and exhibited epidermallike structure under renal capsule. Conclusion The early Related Articles | Metrics