Table of Content

2019, Volume 50 Issue 6
06 December 2019 Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
Cancer Biology

Anthropology
Cancer Biology
Anatomy
Neurobiology
Review
review
Anatomy
Cell and Molecules Biology
Cancer Biology
Medical Education

Medical Education
Bioengineering


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks

Toggle Thumbnails

Cancer Biology

Select

Enhancing effect of chidamide on the sensibility of human chronic myeloid leukemia K562/ADM cells to daunorubicin WANG Shi-guang SI Xu-yan LI Xiao-ting LI Deng-yun WANG Li-jun WANG Peng 2019, 50 (6):  754-760.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (397KB) ( )   Objective To investigate whether chidamide (CDM) could influence the sensibility of human chronic myeloid leukemia K562/ADM cells to daunorubicin (DNR) and its possible mechanism. Methods The K562 and K562/ADM cells were cultured in vitro and treated with CDM and(or) DNR for 48 hous, and then the cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay. The proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting was performed to measure the protein levels of histon 2AX(H2AX), γH2AX (Ser139), ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene (ATM), p-ATM (Ser1981), breast cancer susceptibility protein 1(BRCA1), and p-BRCA1 (Ser1524). Results DNR remarkably inhibited the cell activity of K562/ADM cells in dose-dependent manner with a half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) value of 11.76 μmol/L, and the resistant factor was 18.09. Co-treatment with CMD and DNR produced a synergistic effect confidence interval(Cl)(CI<1) with a reversal fold of 8.11. DNR remarkably inhibited proliferation (P<0.05), induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis (P<0.05), these effects were enhanced under non-toxic concentration of CMD (P<0.05). K562/ADM cells had a significantly higher protein levels of ATM and BRCA1 than K562 cells (P<0.05). DNR significantly up-regulated the protein levels of γH2AX, p-ATM and p-BRCA1 (P<0.05), and the protein level of γH2AX appeared higher in the combination group compared to DNR alone (P<0.05); however, the co-treatment with CMD and DNR induced a decreased expression of p-ATM and pBRCA1 than the DNR alone (P<0.05). Conclusion CDM may enhance the sensibility of K562/ADM cells to DNR by up-regulating the protein level of γH2AX, and down-regulating the protein levels of p-ATM and p-BRCA1. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of Bak gene overexpression on proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells and sensitivity to paclitaxel SHAO Hua FENG Chuan-bo WANG Zhong-lin ZHU Shuang-jiu ZHANG Ying ZHU Ming-zhen 2019, 50 (6):  761-765.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (226KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of Bak gene overexpression on proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells and sensitivity to paclitaxel. Methods Western blotting and Real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of Bak protein in breast cancer MCF-7 cells before and after transfection. The effects of Bak gene overexpression and paclitaxel treatment for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours on MCF-7 cell proliferation and cell cycle were detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) and flow cytometry. Results The results of Western blotting and Real-time PCR showed that the expression of Bak protein increased significantly after transfection.The results of Western blotting and Real-time PCR showed that the expression of Bak protein increased significantly after transfection, and the mRNA expression of MCF-7-Bak group was 2.15±0.07, which was significantly higher than that of MCF-7-NC group,which was 1.03±0.04(t=13.412, P<0.05).After 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours of transfection, the proliferation rates of MCF-7-Bak cells were (0.31±0.03)%, (0.37±0.03)%, (0.47±0.04)%, respectively, which were lower than that of MCF-7 NC group(0.40±0.03)%, (0.48±0.04)%, (0.61±0.06)%, and the difference was statistically significant (t 48=2.145, t 72=3.164, t 96=5.487, P<0.05). The number of G2 phase cells in MCF-7 Bak group were (26.84±2.69)% significantly higher than that in MCF-7 NC group (16.02±1.61)% (t=12.887, P<0.05). After 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours of paclitaxel treatment, the cell inhibition rate of MCF-7-Bak group was (35.98±4.00)%, (54.66±5.50)%, (80.11±8.00)%, respectively, which were higher than that of MCF-7 NC group (24.12±2.40)%, (40.12±4.00)%,(61.09±6.09)%. And the difference was statistically significant (t 24=8.456, t 48=10.547, t 72=13.442, P<0.05). After 24 hours of paclitaxel treatment, the number of G2 phase cells in MCF-7 Bak group was (73.01±7.02)% higher than that in MCF-7 NC group (63.84±6.68) %(t=9.736, P<0.05). Conclusion Up-regulate of Bak gene expression can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, up-regulating the proportion of G0/G1 phase, and enhance the sensitivity of paclitaxel. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Detection of regulatory T cells ratio and tumor markers CA125,CA19-9 in patients with ovarian cancer and its clinical significance CUI Peng-hua LI Zhi-yan ZHANG Yu-juan LIU Li 2019, 50 (6):  766-770.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (184KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the difference of ovarian benign diseases and healthy regulatory T cells(Tregs) and tumor markers CA125 and CA19-9 in patients with ovarian cancer, and to analyze their correlation with clinicopathological factors and prognosis. Methods We selected 43 cases pathologically diagnosed ovarian cancer patients in gynecological department from October 2016 to October 2017 in our hospital as a malignant group, another 55 cases of benign ovarian patients treated in the same period as benign group, 50 cases of healthy physical examination women as control group. The Tregs number and expression levels of tumor markers CA125 and CA19-9 in ovarian cancer were compared among the three groups, and their relationship with clinicopathological factors and prognosis was analyzed. Results The proportions of Tregs in the malignant and benign groups were higher than those in the control group, and the proportions of Tregs, CA125 and CA19-9 in the malignant group were higher than that in the benign group (P<0.05). There are no significant difference in the proportion of Tregs, CA125 and CA19-9 levels and the age of patients. The level of CA125 was related to the lymph node metastasis, tumor stage, and histological type in patients with ovarian cancer. Tregs ratio was associated with lymph node metastasis and tumor staging in patients with ovarian cancer. The CA19-9 level was only related to tumor stage (P<0.05). After 12 months of follow-up, the median survival time of Tregs low group was higher than that of Tregs high group (P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the number of Tregs and CA125 in ovarian cancer (P<0.05), but not with CA19-9 (P>0.05). Conclusion Tregs, CA125, and CA19-9 can all be promising markers for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ovarian cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Anthropology

Select

Bone mineral density of 2504 infants aged 0-3 years in Nanjing LIN Wei-wei 2019, 50 (6):  823-826.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06,021 Abstract ( )   PDF (94KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the relationship between age, gender, calcium supplementation during pregnancy, early symptoms of rickets and Z value of bone mineral density, and to provide evidence and recommendations for better prevention of rickets and low bone density in children. Methods Two thousand five hundred and four cases of infants aged 0-3 years old in the Qinhuai District Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing were tested with quantitative ultrasound bone density. The detection rate of bone mineral density was analyzed and age, sex, calcium supplementation during pregnancy and early stage of rickets. The relationship between symptoms. Results The bone mineral density Z value of girls aged 0-3 was lower than that of boys (P<0.001). In the 0-3 months, 3-6 mohth, 6 months-1 year groups, the incidence of under-bone density was significantly higher in girls than in boys (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of bone mineral density between boys and girls in the 1-3 years group (P>0.05). In the 3-6 months, the detection rate of infant bone mineral density was the highest, reaching 83.5%. The detection rate of girls with insufficient bone mineral density accounted for 51.0% of the total case of this age. There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of early symptoms and insufficient bone mineral density (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of calcium supplementation and bone mineral density during pregnancy (P>0.05). Conclusion It is necessary to regularly monitor the bone mineral density of infants and children, and pay attention to the bone mineral density of children within 1 year old, especially to girls. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Analysis of physique types and their causes of modern Chinese population by head-to-face measurements DU Bao-pu DU Jing 2019, 50 (6):  805-815.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (532KB) ( )   Objective　To review the physical characteristics in modern Chinese populations, and to exploring the relationships between physical traits and the geoenvironmental factors. 　Methods　This paper took the principal component and cluster analysis of the craniofacial physical characters of 134 populations in China (65 Han nationalities, 59 minority nationalities and 10 unidentified populations) with 15 measurements. We also focused the linear relationship between the craniofacial measurements and 8 geo-environmental factors. 　Results　The physical characteristics of Modern Chinese was divided into the northern and southern groups: North Han was close to north minority nationalities; Han nationalities were close to each other in southern region, as well as the minority nationalities. In addition, the physiognomic ear length and physiognomic ear breadth decreased when the annual mean temperature increases, which was not consistent with Allen’s rule. 　Conclusion　The differentiation of northern and southern Chinese population is a result of the physical adaptation which may be caused by the selective pressures under different regional environments. And the north-south demarcation zone (Qinling mountain—Huaihe river) can be considered as the most suitable boundary between the southern and northern Chinese. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Somatotype of rural adults of Tujia in Hu’nan province HUANG Da-yuan LI Cui-qin ZHANG Hui-juan TIAN Miao QIN Da-bao 2019, 50 (6):  816-822.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (224KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the somatotype characteristics of rural Tujia adults in Hu’nan. Methods The Heath-Carter somatotyping method was used to study the somatotype of 976 adults (528 males and 448 females) of Tujia in the rural areas of Hu’nan. Results The mean somatotype in males of Tujia was endomorphic mesomorph category (3.43-5.35-1.61) and was endomorph-mesomorph category (5.18-5.38-1.01) in females.With their age increasing, the values of endomorphy and mesomorphy increased at first and then gradually decreased both males and females, and the values of ectomorphy decreased at first and then increased. The values of endomorphy of males in all age groups were significantly lower than those of females with the same ages, the values of mesomorphy of males showed no significant difference compared with those of females, and the values of ectomorphy of males were significantly higher than those of females in most age groups with the same ages. Conclusion Tujia adults have a strong physique and developed skeleton muscles, male body is relatively slender, and female subcutaneous fat is more developed and buxom.The somatotype of Tujia adults have a higher mesomorphy, a lower endomorphy and ectomorphy among 30 rural ethnic groups, which are close to those of Muya and Ersu. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cancer Biology

Select

Effect of carmofur on proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cell line HeLa and its mechanism JIANG Xin LI Tao 2019, 50 (6):  771-775.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (273KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of carmofur on the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cell line HeLa and to study its mechanism. Methods Carmofur was prepared into different concentrations (0.4 mg/L, 0.8 mg/L, and 1.2 mg/L) and the control group was set. Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) method was used to detect the viability of the cells. Transwell technique was used to detect cell invasion. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-7, β-catenin and P120 catenin(P120 ctn) and mRNA were detected by Western blotting and Real-time PCR. Results Compared with the control group, the cell proliferation ability decreased with the increase of the concentration of carmofur in the drug treatment group, and the cell proliferation was inhibited after 24 hours of carmofur exposure, and the cell proliferation rate decreased significantly with the prolongation of the action time (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group,carmofur group inhibited the invasion of HeLa cells (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the carmofur group decreased MMP-7, β-catenin and P120 catenin levels and mRNA levels (P<0.05). Conclusion HCFU can inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells, and its mechanism might be related to the downregulation of MMP-7, β-catenin and P120 catenin expression levels. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Anatomy

Select

Volume quantification of normal brain tissues based on the magnetic resonance T1 images WANG Shi-qing SHI Yong-hong ZHUANG Han QIN Chun-li LI Wen-sheng 2019, 50 (6):  780-785.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (341KB) ( )   Objective By manual and automatic segmentation, the total volume, cerebrospinal fluid volume and white matter volume of normal human brain were obtained, and the differences between different genders and the patterns of changes with age were analyzed. At the same time, we give the software and parameters that can get better result. Methods The rough brain mask was obtained by software automatic segmentation and it would be refined manually. Then the brain masks would be divided into gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid by FSL-FAST, and finally statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 25.0 software. Results The total brain volume of normal Chinese adults was about 1263.24 ml, and the total brain volume of males (1313.84 ml) was lager than the total volume of female brain (1173.11 ml). The difference was statistically significant. There were significant differences in total volume, gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid volume among different age groups. And there was no correlation between the age and the ratio of gray matter white matter. The total brain volume, gray matter, and white matter volume of males were larger than those of females, and as the age increases, the decline trend of these three sets of data is similar. The changes of total brain volume, gray matter volume and white matter volume with age were also similar in females. They reached their maximum at about 50 years of age, and then the volume gradually decreased. Conclusion The study on the changes of brain volume and the volume of gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid with age in different sexes can be used as a basis for identifying the changes of brain volume caused by diseases or the age. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Classification and clinical significance of Chinese scapular spine based on CT three-dimensional reconstruction ZHANG Lei GUO Xiao-guang DAI Ping YANG Bin YANG Qin ZHANG Yan-li WANG Guo-you FU Shi-jie 2019, 50 (6):  791-795.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (199KB) ( )   Obje Objective To explore the morphological classification and clinical significance of scapular spine based on CT three dimensional reconstruction. Methods The scapular spines of 280 adults in the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University were classified by CT plain scan and three-dimensional reconstruction, and its guiding significance for clinical work was discussed. Measurement content the distance between the seven structures of the scapular region and the thickness of the nine points. Results Under the CT 3D reconstruction, the scapular spines were divided into five types: thin shape, wood rod shape, thick shape, fusiform shape and S shape. There were 14 cases of thin shape, accounting for 14.64%; and 63 cases of wood rod shape, accounting for 22.50%; and 78 cases of wood rod shape, accounting for 27.86%; and 89 cases of thick shape, accounting for 27.86%; and 89 cases of fusiform shape, accounting for 31.79%, and 9 cases of S shape, accounting for 3.21%. In the thin shape, the thickness of B (9.36±3.61) mm was obviously thinner than the other four types (P<0.05); In thick shape, the length of AC (84.36±6.00) mm and AD (84.36±6.00) mm was longer than the other four types, and the thickness of F, H, Ⅰ, K was the thickest (P<0.05); In the fusiform shape, the length of BC was the shortest, and the thickness of K was the thinnest except for the thin shape (P<0.05). Conclusion Under the CT 3D reconstruction, the scapular spines are divided into five types: thin shape, wood rod shape, thick shape, fusiform shape and S shape. Among them, fusiform shape is the most, and S shape is the least; The scapular spine of thick shape is the most abundant bone, which is the high quality source of autologous bone graft, and can also be used as a better fixed position for internal implants. On the contrary, the scapular spine of thin shape has the least amount of bone, and the internal fixation strength is relatively poor. Different types of scapular spines have certain effects on their operative method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of bedside pulmonary ultrasound in the anatomical location and size judgement of pulmonary infection focus XU Cheng LIANG Gui-wen JIANG Hai-yan DING Jun-hua HUANG Zhong-wei1 QI Lei 2019, 50 (6):  786-790.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (458KB) ( )   Objective Although CT and bedside X-ray are available to diagnose pneumonia, there is still an urgent need for a convenient, effective bedside examination to accurately diagnose pneumonia especially in critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the application of bedside pulmonary ultrasound in the anatomical location and size determination of pneumonia. Methods Familiarizing pulmonary anatomical localization of healthy people with pulmonary ultrasonography, 40 patients with community acquired pneumonia who were hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2015 to January 2019 met the diagnostic criteria of community acquired pneumonia were examined by bedside ultrasonography and chest CT scan at the time of admission. The anatomical location of pulmonary inflammatory lesions was localized and the size of the infected lesions was quantitatively compared. Results Bedside ultrasound can clearly display pulmonary anatomical localization and accurately determine the size of pulmonary infected lesions. Conclusion Bedside pulmonary ultrasonography has clinical application value in the anatomical location and size judgement of pulmonary infection focus. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Multislice spiral CT imaging anatomical study of the Milligan’s septum LIU Zhong-cai WANG Lei LI Zhuo YANG Lu-xi WU Shao-ping 2019, 50 (6):  796-799.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (313KB) ( )   Objective　To study the CT manifestations of Milligan’s septum(MS). 　Methods　The pelvic CT images of 172 patients with non-anal disorders were retrospectively analyzed, based on the 1.5 mm thin-slice reconstruction. The CT manifestations of their MS and adjacent fat tissue were observed using multiplanar reconstruction and appropriate window technique. 　Results　The density of upper fat tissue adjacent to MS was lower than that of lower fat tissue, and the difference in CT values between them was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with females, the density of fat tissue in the lower anal subcutaneous space was much higher in males (38．37% vs 88．37%), even to the extent that the difference between upper and lower fat tissues could be visually identified; the difference between genders was a statistically significant (P<0.05). The CT direct visualization rate of MS was about 23．26%; the soft tissue density shadows, which could be divided into the relatively symmetrically whole－course linear type, partially linear type and branched type, started from the junction of the subcutaneous and superficial parts of external anal sphincter and travelled to the ischial tuberosity. According to the statistical result of the maximum thickness collected from those showing direct visualization, the average values of left and right sides were（2.50±0.46）mm and（2.89±0.78）mm, and the average values of both sides in males and females were（2.71±0.43）mm and（2.69 ±0.44）mm, respectively. 　Conclusion　Milligan’s septum can be located according to the density difference between the fat tissues in the upper ischiorectal space and the lower anal subcutaneous space, while it can also be directly visualized on CT images in some cases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Neurobiology

Select

Effect and mechanism of rosuvastatin preconditioning on inflammatory cytokines release in vascular smooth muscle cells of middle cerebral artery of rats after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion LIU Ya-jun WANG Xuan HU Hai GUI Yan 2019, 50 (6):  713-717.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (219KB) ( )   Objective To explore the effect and probable mechanism of rosuvastatin preconditioning on inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β，IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) release in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of middle cerebral artery after ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Thirty-six healthy SD rats were randomly assigned into three groups：sham operation group，focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group and rosuvastatin preconditioning group. There were 12 rats in each group. At the 24th hour of reperfusion after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 hours, the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β，IL-6 and TNF-α release in VSMCs of middle cerebral artery were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting，respectively.Also，the mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) were measured by Real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results At the 24th hour of reperfusion after MCAO for 2 hours，the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β，IL-6 and TNF-α were markedly up-regulated in rats of model group；rosuvastatin preconditioning can significantly inhibited overexpression of IL-lβ，IL-6 and TNF-α at the mRNA and protein levels. And the decreasing of mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB was also found in this study. Conclusion Rosuvastatin preconditioning can decrease the release of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β，IL-6 and TNF-α in VSMCs of MCA. It can relieve the inflammatory injury after ischemia-reperfusion in brain. The effect of rovastatin on IL-1β，IL-6 and TNF-α may be related to the reduction of the expression of NF-κB in VSMCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of dexmedetomidine in protective effects of propofol on newborn rats hippocampal synapses and the influence of the Bcl-2 expression YAN Li WANG Jing YONG Jun XIAO Hong-mei ZENG Qing-fan 2019, 50 (6):  718-721.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (318KB) ( )   Objective To evaluate the role of dexmedetomidine in protective effects of propofol on newborn rats hippocampal synapses and the influence of the Bcl-2 expression. Methods Neurons were separated and purificated and identificated by microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2) antibody. Rats were divided into normal control group, propofol group(add 12 mg/L propofol), and propofol + dexmedetomidine group(add 12 mg/L propofol and 0.25 mg/L dexmedetomidine). The expression of Bcl-2 test by Real-time PCR and Western blotting; cell synapse was detected by transmission electron microscope. Results Rat hippocampal neurons were separated successfuly. Hippocampal nerve cells in control group were given priority to with multiple processes of pyramidal cell, the cell body was triangular or elliptic, large cell body bright and pervious to light quality, had a halo around, abundant cytoplasm, nuclear. Compared with the control group, in propofol group the Bcl-2 expression decreased obviously. Compared with the propofol group, the expression of Bcl-2 increased obviously (P<0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can influence the expression of Bcl-2 so as to play a protective role of hippocampal neurons. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Dose-effect relationship between L-glutamic acid and duodenal movement in the vagus pathway ZHANG Jin ZHANG Ying-li LI Xiang DU Yi-nan ZHAO Jian-shuai ZHANG Liu-ning XU Yong-ping 2019, 50 (6):  722-728.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (197KB) ( )   Objective To establish a mathematical model of the injection by dorsal motor nucleus of vagus(DMV), the dose of L-glutamic acid（L-Glu）and the duodenal myoelectric activity index of female rabbits was established to provide a theoretical basis for studying the mechanism of action of hormones, cytokines and other vagal activity. Methods In this experiment, we used microinjection technique to inject L-Glu to DMV by doses of 0 mol/L, 0.05 mol/L, 0.10 mol/L, 0.15 mol/L and 0.20 mol/L,monitoring the duodenal myoelectric activity of ovarian abducted rabbits,the number of samples per dose group was 5, and construct a mathematical model between the dose of L-Glu and the index of duodenal myoelectric activity. Results After t-test analysis, the amplitude of myoelectric activity increased gradually between adjacent dose groups, and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01).The frequency was gradually strengthened, and the difference between 0 mol/L and 0.05 mol/L, 0.10 mol/L and 0.15 mol/L was significant (P<0.05).The index of myoelectric activity increased gradually, and the difference between groups was extremely significant (P<0.01). With L-Glu concentration as the independent variable x, the duodenal myoelectric activity index was the dependent variable y, the constructor relationship was y=13.71/1 + exp ［-22.35 × (x-0.082)］, function fitting accuracy was R2=0.9948，P<0.01，belonging to growth type S logic function. Function analysis showed that the L-Glu dose of 0.082 mol/L was the inflection point of the logic function. As the dose range of L-Glu was 0 mol/L 0.082 mol/L,duodenal myoelectric activity index showed an exponential growth pattern,as the L-Glu dose was greater than 0.082 mol/L,the duodenal myoelectric activity index showed a logarithmic growth pattern with a theoretical limit of 13.71. Conclusion L-Glu has a significant dose-effect relationship on the promotion of duodenal myoelectric activity in rabbits by DMV, and have the effect of interval,the mathematical model laid the theoretical foundation for further research on the role of hormones and cytokines on this basis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of chronic compression injury of trigeminal nerve root on expression of myelin basic protein and P75 in trigeminal ganglion cells LIN Ren LUO Li-li LI Qiu-hua CHEN Ting QIU Rong-hui LUO Dao-shu 2019, 50 (6):  707-712.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1270KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of the interaction between satellite glial cells and neurons in the trigeminal ganglion of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) rat model.Methods In the TN rat model (n=24) induced by trigeminal root entry zone chronic compression and sham group (n=24), immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and of P75 neurotrophic factor receptor (P75NTR) in the trigeminal ganglion. Results The expression of P75NTR in TN group was higher than that in the sham operation group, especially on the post-operation day (POD) 7 and 14 (P<0.01). The expression of MBP in the TN group was decreased after operation, which were significant lower than that in the sham operation group on POD 7 and 14(P<0.05). While the expression of immunoreactive GFAP in the satellite glial cells in the TN group was higher than that in the sham operation group from POD 7 to POD 21 after operation (P<0.01). Conclusion The changes of MBP and P75NTR expression in neurons and the activation of satellite glial cells in trigeminal ganglion of the TN animal model may affect the interaction of neuron-satellite glial cells, which may be involved in the nociceptive information transmission from orofacial area to the central nervous system in the TN rats. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

Select

Advance of substance P/neurokinin receptor 1 system in cancer treatment CHEN Qi HUANG He-miao GE Chen-tao FU Cai-yun 2019, 50 (6):  861-864.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.030 Abstract ( )   PDF (176KB) ( )   Substance P (SP) is the first identified peptide in tachykinin family, which widespreadly distributes in both central and peripheral nervous systems of mammals and is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Neurokinin receptors (NKRs) belong to the G-protein coupled receptor family, including NK1R, NK2R and NK3R. SP has the highest affinity and is the selectivity ligand for NK1R. Cumulative experimental results have shown that SP/NK1R system is involved in the cancer process and NK1R has the potential to be a new target for cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on the expression levels of SP/NK1R system in cancers and how to develop SP/NK1R system as a new target for cancer treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Progress of adjuvant treatment with tissue plasminogen activator beyond time window in ischemic stroke WU Ye-jun CHEN Chun-hua 2019, 50 (6):  850-856.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.028 Abstract ( )   PDF (128KB) ( )   Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis remains the gold standard for the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, the time window of tPA treatment and the fatal side effects caused by application beyond the time window limit clinical application of tPA. In order to address the limitations, combined use of tPA with other drug or non-drug interventional approaches has been proposed and some combination therapies have been experimentally validated to decrease the complications beyond the time window, especially hemorrhagic transformation (HT). The mechanisms by which the combined drugs act include protecting the blood-brain barrier, enhancing angiogenesis, protecting cerebral blood vessels, etc. Non-drug interventions include stem cell transplantation and gas therapy with multiple biological effects. The combination of tPA and the above treatments intends to alleviate the side effects of delayed tPA treatment and the neurological deficits and behavioral impairment induced by stroke. Therefore, adjuvant therapy is an innovative form of treatment which addresses the limiting factors of tPA therapy and may prolong the time window of ischemic stroke. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Monoamine neurotransmitter theories of menopausal hot flashes SUN Yan-rong YANG Qi-yue LI Yao WANG Wen-juan WANG Ke QIN Li-hua 2019, 50 (6):  857-860.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.029 Abstract ( )   PDF (97KB) ( )   Hot flashes are the most common symptoms of menopausal women, and their symptoms are closely related to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of menopausal women. Therefore, avoiding and alleviating the occurrence of hot flashes during menopause has become a topic of great concern today. It is generally believed that the hot flashes are caused by the dysfunction of hypothalamic thermoregulatory center, but its exact pathogenesis has not been elucidated. Recent studies have shown that menopausal hot flashes are the result of the interaction of estrogen with a variety of neurotransmitters, and monoamine neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine play a central role, which are summarized as follows. References | Related Articles | Metrics

review

Select

Role of exosomes in tumor angiogenesis 2019, 50 (6):  865-869.  Abstract ( )   Tumor growth and metastasis depend on adequate angiogenesis and blood supply. More and more studies have confirmed that tumor drived exosomes are involved in promoting tumor angiogenesis. This article reviews how exosomes drive angiogenesis to add new options for improving existing antiangiogenic therapies. Related Articles | Metrics

Anatomy

Select

Effects of cervical rotatory manipulation on severe rabbit carotid atherosclerosis in flow sheer stress GUAN Tai－yuan QI Ji LIU Yang XU Yan-xiao WU Kai ZHANG Shao-qun CHEN Yi-li ZHANG Lei 2019, 50 (6):  800-804.  doi: 10．16098/j.issn.0529－1356．2019．06．018 Abstract ( )   PDF (395KB) ( )   Objective　To investigate the effects of cervical rotatory manipulation (CRM) on severe carotid atherosclerosis of rabbits in hemodynamics. 　Methods　Totally 40 New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into 3 groups, including the manipulation group, the model group and the control group. Left carotid atherosclerotic plaques models were developed in the rabbits of manipulation group and model group. Then, the manipulation group was treated with CRM lasting for 2 weeks; meanwhile no intervention was given on rabbits in the model group and control group. At the end of manipulation, flow sheer stress (FSS) was calculated with velocity and viscosity of blood. One way ANOVA and LSR-t test　were performed to explore the significance. 　Results　FSS of left carotid artery in rabbit decreased significantly in the manipulation group and the model group, in comparison with the control group. Moreover, FSS in the manipulation group was lower than that in the model group. 　Conclusion　FSS of severe atherosclerotic carotid artery in rabbit may become decreased following with CRM. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cell and Molecules Biology

Select

Effects of Klotho on the proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells LI Xiu-quan BAI Shu-ling AO Qiang WANG Xiao-hong CHANG Shi-jie TIAN Xiao-hong TONG Hao FAN Jun 2019, 50 (6):  729-734.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (448KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of antiaging gene Klotho on the proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs). Methods Rat BMSCs overexpressing secreted Klotho(sKL) were cultured and constructed in vitro. MTT assay was used to detect the cell proliferation. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of sKL in the cells and medium of three groups. As markers of aging, P53 and P21 in three cells were also detected. BMSCs were induced to osteogenic differentiation by osteogenic induction medium, the result of differentiation was observed by alkaline phosphatase(ALP) staining; BMSCs were induced to adipogenic differentiation by adipogenic induction medium, the result of differentiation was identified by oil red O staining. Results Western blotting showed that the expression of sKL increased significantly in the sKL group (P<0.05), in addition, the expression of P53 and P21 decreased significantly in the sKL group(P<0.05). MTT assay indicated that there was no significant differences about absorbance value between sKL group and control group(P>0.05). The ability of osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation was significantly stronger than that of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion sKL effectively enhances the anti-aging ability of BMSCs, meanwhile it also promotes osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Besides, this study also suggests that Klotho may have no effect on the proliferation of BMSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

CD44 and vimentin positive cells in rabbit pericardial fluid having multiple differentiation potentials in vitro SUN Ying SUN Pan-wen GUO Zhi-kun 2019, 50 (6):  735-740.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1031KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the cellular components and differentiation potential of cells in rabbit pericardial fluid, and to provide morphological basis for basic research and clinical application of pericardial cells. Methods Thirty adult New Zealand white rabbits, after aseptic thoracotomy, the pericardial fluid mixture was extracted, the fluid cells were centrifuged, isolated and cultured.The pericardial cellular morphology in the different generations was observed under the inverted microscope（The immunofluorescence staining method was used in the present study in order to analyze the pericardial cells phenotypes）.Their immunological phenotypes were analyzed by using immunofluorescence staining and the CD44, vimentin, CD45 and the number of cells positively expressed in the third generation cells were observed.The expression of CD44 and vimentin related molecules was detected by PCR. Results There was the cellular population with uniform morphology in the adult rabbit pericardial fluid. The cells with immunofluorescence positive staining for CD44 and vimentin were found in the pericardial fluid of rabbit, in addition, these cells possessed the immunofluorescence negative staining for CD45.After induction, they can differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Conclusion Rabbit pericardial fluid contains cells with multiple differentiation potentials, which may be of positive significance for myocardial repair. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of porcine kidney epithelial cells type Ⅰ interferon receptor 1 knockdown on pseudorabies virus replication SHAO Ke-yu ZHANG Shuang DUAN Li-fang MA Ying-xian GUO Yu-kun LI Jia-jia LIU Xiao-he DU Yong-kun CHU Bei-bei 2019, 50 (6):  741-746.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (583KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of type Ⅰ interferon receptor 1 (IFNAR1) on pseudorabies virus (PRV) replication. Methods A stable cell line in which porcine kidney epithelial cells (PK15) knocked out the IFNAR1 gene was constructed using a lentiviralmediated CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR) gene editing technique. The function of IFNAR1 was verified by cell viability assay, fluorescence observation, flow cytometry detection, titer determination, and Real-time PCR. Results With the prolongation of PRV infection, knocking out the IFNAR1 gene can significantly promote transcription of PRV-TK mRNA, translation of PRV-gE protein, and virulence of progeny virus. Conclusion IFNAR1 plays an important role in inhibiting the proliferation of PRV. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of sodium glycosaminodeoxycholate on apoptosis of hepatic stem cells in cholestatic microenvironment LI Zhi-peng WANG Jian XIAO Cheng KANG Quan LUO Qing 2019, 50 (6):  747-753.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (507KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the effects of hepatic stem cells survival in the pathological microenvironment of cholestatic cirrhosis, and the effects of sodium glycosaminodeoxycholate (GCDC) on apoptosis of hepatic stem cells in vitro. Methods Balb/c mice were subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL)to simulate the pathological environment of cholestatic cirrhosis；Liver stem cells HP14-19 were transplanted back into liver by the splenic vein and survival of cell colonization was detected；Effects of sodium glycosaminodeoxycholate on the viability of HP14-19 cells at different concentrations by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) and crystal violet staining, flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of HP14-19 cells treated with 600 μmol/L GCDC 24 hours later, and the expression of Bax，Bcl-2，Capase-3，phosphorylated adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase α(p-AMPKα) and adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase α(AMPKα) were detected by Western blotting. Results The results of CCK-8 and crystal violet staining showed that the proliferation of HP14-19 cells was inhibited with the increase of the concentration of sodium glycosaminodeoxycholate. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of GCDC treated group was higher than that of control group. Compared with the control group, the expression of Bax, Capase-3 was up-regulated and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated in the experimental group. The results showed that GCDC could induce apoptosis of HP14-19 (P<0.05) AMPK was activated. Conclusion Microenvironment of cholestatic cirrhosis induced apoptosis of liver stem cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cancer Biology

Select

Role of Gq-PLC-IP3 signal transduction pathway in calcium sensing receptor-mediated proliferation of A549 cells CAO Di CHENG Feng-hui YANG Bai-lu LI Guang-wei 2019, 50 (6):  776-779.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (359KB) ( )   Objective To explore the signal transduction pathway of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) mediating hypoxia-induced proliferation of A549 cells of human non-small cell lung cancer. Methods The A549 cells were randomly divided into several groups which conclude control group, hypoxia group (H), hypoxia + CaSR agonist group (H+Gd), hypoxia + CaSR inhibitor group (H+NPS) and phospholipase C(PLC) pathway inhibitor group (H+Gd+U73122). Expression of CaSR and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in A549 cells under different treatments was analyzed by Western blotting. The changes of intracellular calcium ion concentration were detected by confocal laser scanning microscope. The effects of cell proliferation cycle and proliferation index were gauged by flow cytometry under different drugs. HE staining was used to observe the changes of cell number with different drugs. Results The expression levels of CaSR and PCNA in A549 cells increased by hypoxia. Meanwhile, cell proliferation index and cell number were also upregulated. GdCl3 (CaSR agonist) could amplify the effect of hypoxia, and NPS2390 (CaSR inhibitor) could reduce the effect of hypoxia. All effects mentioned above could be inhibited by U73122 (PLC pathway inhibitor). Conclusion Hypoxia-induced CaSR can mediate the proliferation of A549 cells through Gq-PLC-IP3 signal transduction pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Medical Education

Select

Learning practice based tissue construction thinking of organ in histology and embryology YANG Guo-hong ZHAO Fu-sheng ZHANG Chun-jun LIU Xing SUN Xiao-dong ZHU Mei ZHANG Wei-guang 2019, 50 (6):  831-834.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (90KB) ( )   Objective To explore the feasibility and effects of teaching with tissue construction thinking of organ in histology and embryology. Methods One hundred twenty students from four year 2017 clinical major classes in Mudanjiang medical university, who participated in the study of histology and embryology, were consecutively selected. Traditional teaching mode which is lecture-base learning was used in the control class，while the experimental class was taught by tissue construction thinking of organ,the evaluations were taken at the end，including questionnaires and exam scores of four classes. Results The experimental class was distinctly superior to the control class in learning interest, innovation ability, self-study ability, manipulative ability,psychological quality and team spirit (P＜0.01）, and in exam scores also (P＜0.05）. Conclusion Tissue construction thinking of organ is particulary adapted to the teaching of histology and embryology.The thinking can play a vital role in resolving the problems in teaching of Histology and embryology. And it will also help to cultivate high-quality applied medical talents with innovative ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction of stomatology students’spatial memory based on staged mindmapping in the dental anatomy course WU Ting-yun ZHU You-jia TANG Rui-ping WANG De-tang ZENG Xiao-fang CHANG Jie 2019, 50 (6):  835-840.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.024 Abstract ( )   PDF (308KB) ( )   Objective To discusse the application effect of mindmapping on the construction of stomatology students‘ spatial memory on dental anatomy by integrating into a system’s internal knowledge framework based on staged mindmapping. Methods This study was performed among 121 Grade 2016 students majoring in oral medicine in our school. The dental anatomy chapter of the course of oral anatomy and physiology was selected, and Mindjet MindManager 2019 software was used to make a staged mind map of dental anatomy. The mindmapping experimental group (60 students) was divided into three stages during the teaching process: preview before class stage (focus on the summary of key knowledge points), theory teaching stage (focus on the detailing of knowledge points), and review after class stage (focus on the linking of knowledge points).The conventional teaching group (61 students) adopted method conventionally used in lectures. After the lecture, students’ scores in theoretical written and practical training examinations were compared and analyzed between the two groups, and the clinical memory scale was used to test the memory ability of the two groups of students. Results The total scores and subjective question scores of the mindmapping experimental group in the theoretical examination were better than the conventional teaching group (P<0.05); the total scores and tooth recognition scores of the mindmapping experimental group in the practical training examination were also better than the conventional teaching group (P<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in theoretical objective question scores and practical tooth carving scores (P>0.05).According to the testing items of the clinical memory scale, after implementing the staged mindmapping teaching method in the two groups, students’ scores in the free memory of images, the recognition of meaningless figures and the portraitfeature associated recall were compared between the two groups. The scores of the mindmapping experimental group were all significantly higher than the conventional teaching group (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05) in directed memory scores and associative learning scores. Conclusion Compared with conventional teaching method , staged mindmapping plays a role in strengthening logical memory in students’ spatial thinking construction, which can help students explore the relevance among knowledge points and construct a relatively complete knowledge system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Exploration of cooperative teaching of anatomy and spine surgery LI Zhong-yu ZHAO Hu WANG Chun-xu WU Yong-chao XIAO Hai-tao 2019, 50 (6):  844-846.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.026 Abstract ( )   PDF (84KB) ( )   Objective Under the impetus of curriculum integration mode, the combination of gross anatomy and clinic is the inevitable trend of the development of gross anatomy teaching. How to the combination of gross anatomy and clinic in teaching has been the ultimate goal of our exploration. Methods Through the cooperation with the Department of Spinal Surgery of Union Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology, we held the “Elite Training Course about Complete Combination of Spinal Endoscopy and Underendoscopy Power Equipments”. Teachers of anatomy, clinicians and equipment engineers discussed the starting point of teaching, the teaching objective , teaching method and make specific teaching plans. Some clinicians and students were invited to participate in the training, conduct questionnaires to the participating clinicians, and conduct followup survey to the participating students to explore the feasibility of this teaching mode. Results The teaching mode of combining anatomy with spinal surgery was feasible. The students had high enthusiasm and good learning effect and gave us good evaluation. Conclusion The teaching mode of gross anatomy combined with clinical practice can increase students' subjective initiative and enable students to master anatomy knowledge systematically in a limited time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of the combination of virtuality and reality in the experimental teaching of the anatomy of motor system YANG Ying-chun FANG Xuan WANG Rui-fang BAI Peng CHEN Xin-ji JIANG Dong ZHANG Wei-guang 2019, 50 (6):  841-843.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.025 Abstract ( )   PDF (84KB) ( )   Objective Observing the application of the combination of virtuality and reality in the experimental teaching of the anatomy of motor system. Methods Two classes were randomly selected from the class of 2017 clinical 5-year students in Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, one class was the experimental group, implemented the teaching mode of the combination of body specimen and digital person; the other class was the control group, implemented the traditional experimental teaching mode. The teaching effect was evaluated by questionnaire and specimen test. Results Compared with the control group, the students’specimen examination scores were significantly higher in experimental group（P<0.05）;questionnaire survey showed that the students’teaching satisfaction,learning enthusiasm,creativity and exploration spirits were significantly higher in experimental group. Conclusion The teaching mode of the combination of body specimen and digital person can improve students’ examination scores, mobilize learning enthusiasm, stimulate creativity and exploration spirits. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Medical Education

Select

Effect of anatomical painting competition on comprehensive quality training of medical students YU Sheng-bo ZHENG Nan ZHAO Xin ZHANG Jian-fei CHI Yan-yan SUI Hong-jin 2019, 50 (6):  847-849.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.027 Abstract ( )   PDF (369KB) ( )   The national medical students’ anatomical painting competition has been successfully held twice. A large number of works from different parts of the country participated in the competition. “Competition” has effectively aroused the enthusiasm of teachers and students, promoted the development of graphic aided instruction, built a platform for medical students’ talent show and talents selection, and promoted the comprehensive quality training of medical students.The second “contest” in the organization is further improved than the first, for the national medical students’ anatomical painting competition continued to develop accumulated experience.This paper summarizes and looks forward to the effect of this contest on medical students’ training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Bioengineering

Select

Preparation and identification of thyroid gland decellularized biologic scaffold WENG Jie HUANG Tao-tao WANG Zhi-yi CHEN Chan WAN Xin-long ZHOU Xiao-ming MEI Jin WANG Zhi-bin 2019, 50 (6):  827-830.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.06.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (583KB) ( )   Objective To prepare thyroid gland decullularized biologic scaffolds by soaking with rotating and to assess the decullularized scaffolds. Methods According to random number table method, twenty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into control group and decullularized group, 10 cases in each group. The thyroid glands in decullularized group were immersed in 1% SDS and rotated at 37 ℃ for 24 hours. All thyroid gland decullularized scaffolds were rotated in deionized water to wipe off the decullularized reagent and residual DNA. HE staining, DNA concentration examination, electron microscope analysis and immunofluorescence technique were performed to indentify the characteristics of decullularized scaffolds. Results Compared to control group, the DNA concentration in the decellularized scaffold decrease significantly (P<0.01), the removal rate of DNA exceeded 90%; there were no visible cell nuclei remained, the 3D space structure and the protein components preserved well. Conclusion Soaking and rotating method can effectively wipe off the cellular components from the thyroid gland tissue, and preserve the extracellular matrix and three-dimensional structure. References | Related Articles | Metrics