Table of Content

2019, Volume 50 Issue 5
06 October 2019 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Cancer Biology

Anthropology
Cancer Biology

Cell and Molecules Biology
Medical Education
Neurobiology

Neurobiology
Anthropology
Anatomy

Review

Review
Histology,Embryology and Developmental Biology



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Cancer Biology

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Tichostatin A inhibiting migration and invasion of human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells via up-regulating protocadherin 9 CHENG Qi LIU Xiao-dong XU Wan-ling 2019, 50 (5):  595-600.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (404KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of trichostatin A (TSA) on migration and invasion in human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells and its possible mechanism. Methods SGC-7901 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with TSA (5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 nmol/L) for 48 hours, and then the cell viability was detected by cell counting kit 8(CCK-8) assay. The protocadherin 9 (PCDH9) high-expression SGC-7901 cells were stably established by transfecting with eukaryotic expression vector (pCMV6-PCDH9). Transwell assay was used to determine the abilities of migration and invasion. The mRNA expression level of PCDH9 were measured by RT-PCR. Western blotting was performed to analyze the protein expression of PCDH9, Snail, E-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Results TSA remarkably reduced the cell viability of SGC-7901 cells in excess of 80 nmol/L (P<0.05). However, in a dose-dependent manner, low-level TSA (5-20 nmol/L) suppressed migration and invasion of SGC-7901 cells (P<0.05), down-regulated the protein levels of Snail, MMP-2 and MMP-9 (P<0.05), and up-regulated the protein levels of PCDH9 and E-cadherin (P<0.05). Meanwhile, high expression of PCDH9 also inhibited migration and invasion of SGC-7901 cells (P<0.05), down-regulated the protein levels of Snail, MMP-2 and MMP-9 (P<0.05), and up-regulated the protein level of E-cadherin (P<0.05). Conclusion TSA may inhibit migration and invasion of SGC-7901 cells most likely via up-regulating PCDH9, and then down-regulating the protein levels of Snail, MMP-2 and MMP-9, and up-regulating the protein level of E-cadherin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory effect of oridonin on proliferation and migration of human esophageal squamous cancer cell lines KYSE-150 and KYSE-450 HUANG Ke-ke LIU Yu-zhen CHEN Yan-min CHEN Zhi LIU Dan-hui ZHAO Bao-sheng 2019, 50 (5):  601-607.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (540KB) ( )   Objective To explore the effect of oridonin (ORI) on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and migration of esophageal squamous carcinoma cell (ESCC) lines KYSE-150 and KYSE-450. Methods The effect of ORI on the proliferation and clony formation of esophageal cancer cells were detected by MTT and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry was performed to examine the impact of ORI on cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Transwell assay was applied to detect the role of ORI on cell migration. The effect of ORI on the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, cell cycle inhibitory protein p21Cip1/Waf1, epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers were examined by Western blotting. Results ORI had a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation, migration and clone formation of KYSE-150 and KYSE-450 cells (P<0.05) in a time and dose-dependent manner. With the increase of ORI concentration, apoptosis rate and the proportion of cells in G2/M phase increased significantly (P<0.05), and the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase decreased significantly (P<0.05). Bcl-2, vimentin and β-catenin were down-regulated and p21Cip1/Waf1, E-cadherin were up-regulated after treatment of ORI on ESCC cells for 48 hours. Conclusion ORI may inhibit ESCC cell proliferation and clony formation by inducing apoptosis and resting cells in G2/M phase, and suppress ESCC cell migration via inhibiting EMT process. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Anthropology

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Characteristics and differences of body composition in Yi of Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan ZHANG Hong-ming WEI Yu YU Ke-li ZHENG Lian-bin 2019, 50 (5):  651-655.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (167KB) ( )   Objective To analyze the characteristics and the differences of body composition in Yi of Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Methods Stature, body mass and body composition of 1556 Yi（male 757 case, famale 799 case）adults from Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan were investigated based on Anthropometric Method and the standard of Tanita company. Results The body mass index and percent body fat of Yi nationality people from Sichuan were significantly higher than that of those from Yunnan and Guizhou. The overall muscle and limb muscles of Yi nationality people from Sichuan were more developed than that of those from Sichuan and Yunnan. Yi nationality people from Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou all had the characters that muscle mass in right limb was higher than that in left.Conclusion Yi nationality people from Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou have great difference in body composition because of the diet and labour intensity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cancer Biology

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Methylation mechanism of candidate biomarker transcription factor 21 in bladder urothelial carcinoma DING Xiao-ming XU Rong ZHANG Wen-zhou XIE Zhi-xin 2019, 50 (5):  608-612.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (104KB) ( )   Objective To explore the significance of methylation of the candidate biomarker transcription factor 21(TCF21) in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Methods From October 2016 to October 2017, 142 patients with suspected bladder cancer were selected. Among them, 80 were diagnosed as bladder cancer by pathological examination as the study group. A total of 62 non-bladder cancers were diagnosed by pathological examination as the control group. In addition, 40 healthy urine specimens during the same period were selected as the healthy group. Detected and compared the methylation of TCF21 in bladder cancer tissues, paracancerous tissues, and control tissues of the study group, and detected and compared the TCF21 methylation levels in urine of study group, control group, and healthy group. The relationship between TCF21 methylation level and clinicopathological features was explored, and the diagnostic efficacy of both for bladder cancer was analyzed. Results The methylation level of TCF21 in bladder cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissue and control group (P<0.05). The methylation level of urinary TCF21 in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control and healthy groups (P<0.05). TCF21 methylation levels in bladder cancer tissues and urine were higher in men, ages>60 years, high TNM stages, and high grade bladder cancer patients (P<0.05). TCF21 methylation levels in bladder cancer tissues and urine hadhigher diagnostic efficacy for bladder cancer, and there was no significant difference in the diagnostic efficacy between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion TCF21 gene hasd high methylation level in urine of patients with bladder cancer and bladder cancer, and is associated with pathological features. Urinary bladder cancer tissues and urine have higher diagnostic efficacy for bladder cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mucin 16 regulating activity and migration of gallbladder cancer cells through phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway LI Xin TIAN Mi PENG Bing HE Li-li 2019, 50 (5):  613-619.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (390KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of mucin 16(MUC16) on the viability and migration of gallbladder cancer cells (GBC-SD) through phospho inositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3k/Akt) pathway.   Methods Firstly, after overexpression of MUC16, the matrix metalloproteinase(MMP) family proteins were screened by Real-time PCR. Secondly, after overexpression of MUC16, knockdown of MUC16 and PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor BKM120, the protein levels of PI3K/Akt pathway and MMP-9 were detected by Western blotting. Finally, the proliferation, viability and migration of gallbladder cancer cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and scratch test.  Results After overexpression of MUC16, the relative expression of mRNA in MMP-9 increased significantly (P<0.05). After overexpression of MUC16, the levels of MMP-9, p-Akt and PI3K increased significantly (P<0.05), but PI3K inhibitor BKM120 could avoid this phenomenon. After knocking down MUC16, the protein levels of MMP-9, p-Akt and PI3K decreased  significantly (P<0.05).After overexpression of MUC16, the cell viability and migration ability of GBC-SD increased significantly (P<0.05), while after knocking down MUC16, the cell viability and migration ability of GBC-SD decreased significantly (P<0.05). In addition, after knocking down MMP-9, the cell viability and migration ability of GBC-SD also decreased significantly (P<0.05). However, when MUC16 was overexpressed and MMP-9 was knocked down, there was no significant difference in cell viability and migration ability between GBC-SD and the control group (P>0.05).   Conclusion MUC16 activates PI3K/Akt pathway to promote the expression of MMP-9 protein, thereby enhancing the cell viability and migration of GBC-SD. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimal concentration of 1,25-vitamin-D3 to induce the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro LIU Yang Lü Yang WANG Hao-yu LI Jiao REN Jun-xu WANG Hai-ping 2019, 50 (5):  580-588.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1282KB) ( )   Objective To explore the optimal concentration of 1,25-vitamin-D3 for inducing the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro. Methods BMSCs of SD rats were isolated and cultured by whole bone marrow adherent method combined with density gradient centrifugations. Depending on the final concentration of 1,25-vitamin-D3, the 2nd-generation BMSCs were divided into five groups: 3 nmol/L group, 6 nmol/L group, 12 nmol/L group, 24 nmol/L group and the control group. The adherent cells were observed dynamically under the inverted phase contrast microscope, including their morphology and growth status. The surface antigens, morphological characteristics, protein expression and mRNA expression of the cells in each group were assessed. Results 1. Under the inverted phase contrast microscope, most of the primary cells showed a short spindle shape after 72 hours of culture. After 1 week of culture, the cells showed diversified morphology. The adjacent cells of BMSCs, induced after 4 weeks, were closely connected with each other, and the arrangement had obvious directivity. There were differences in the number and morphology of BMSCs, induced by 1,25-vitamin-D3 at different concentrations. 2. The result of flow cytometry showed that the positive expression rates of CD29, CD45 and CD90 were 97.4%, 3.3% and 91.4%, respectively, 3. The results of immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry and Western blotting revealed that the expressions of tropomyosin(TPM), connexin43(Cx43) and cardiac troponin T(cTnT) in 6 nmol/L group were significantly higher than that of the other groups, while that in control group were weak or negative (P<0.05). 4. Transmission electron microscope(TEM) observation showed that the induced cells had a cardiomyocyte-like ultra structure: there were many parallel arranged myofilaments, mitochondria, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles in the cytoplasm. 5. The result of Real-time PCR showed that the induced cells could express GATA binding protein 4(GATA 4) and Nkx2.5 at the 1st week, and then the expression of them decreased at the 2nd week, but then increased at the 4th week. The 6 nmol/L group was superior to the other three groups in gene expression (P<0.05). Conclusion 1,25-vitamin-D3 can induce BMSCs to obtain myocardial differentiation phenotype, and the optimum concentration of inducing differentiation is 6 nmol/L. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cell and Molecules Biology

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Comparison of surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells from different sources DU Zhi-peng YIN Guo-tian LI Miao-miao GUO Zhi-kun LI Qiong 2019, 50 (5):  589-594.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (649KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the expression difference of surface markers of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs), human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and human fetal blood source endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) and the changes of surface markers with the culture generation. Methods HUCMSCs, ADSCs and MenSCs were cultured to passage 3, 6, 9 and 12. Five MSC-specific markers, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90 and CD105, and one HSC markers, CD45, were assessed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Results The cultured MenSCs and HUCMSCs were spindle-shaped, and the ADSCs forms were mainly spindle-shaped and multiple-angular. The results of flow cytometry showed that the MSC-positive markers including CD29, CD44, CD73 and CD105 were highly expressed by at least 95% in the passage 3 HUCMSCs, ADSCs and MenSCs cells and CD45 negative expression. Specifically, CD90 levels of MenSCs of passage 3 was (72.43±0.76)%, which was lower than that in HUCMSCs (99.67±0.12)% and ADSCs (99.70±0.15)%(P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the expression rates of surface markers CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD45 with the increase of culture passages in HUCMSCs, ADSCs and MenSCs (P>0.05). The results of immunofluorescence was consistent with those of flow cytometry.Conclusion With the increase of culture time, HUCMSCs, ADSCs and MenSCs are stable in high expression of CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90 and CD105, which does not express CD45, while the CD90 expression rate of MenSCs is lower than that in HUCMSCs and ADSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Medical Education

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Application of virtual simulation experimental teaching platform in systematic anatomy teaching XIAO Li SHI Qing-ming WEI Xiao-yu LI Jian 2019, 50 (5):  662-666.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (110KB) ( )   Objective To improve the teaching method of anatomy and explore the application of virtual simulation experimental teaching platform in systematic anatomy.Methods Tencent questionnaire platform was used to carry out the “Questionnaire on How to Learn Systematic Anatomy”.A comparative study was conducted among 400 students majored in clinical，nursing，general practice and imaging of 2017 in a medical college，two classes from each specialty.A virtual simulation experimental teaching platform of anatomy only used in the experimental group.The teaching effect was evaluated by theory examination，experiment examination and investigation by questionnaires on students'satisfaction with the teaching. Results The theoretical scores，experimental scores and total scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. From the corresponding classes of each group， the theoretical scores， experimental scores and total scores of the same professional experimental group were higher than the control group， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.There was a significant positive linear correlation between the theoretical and experimental scores of each class（R2=0.97，P<0.05）.The satisfaction rate of the experimental group on the various indicators of teaching effectiveness ranged from 81.00% to 93.00%， and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion The application of virtual simulation experimental teaching platform can effectively improve the teaching quality of systematic anatomy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and effect analysis of rain classroom in the experimental teaching of medical histology GAO Jie HU Rong LI Hong SU Min 2019, 50 (5):  667-671.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (130KB) ( )   Objective To evaluate the effects of rain classroom used in the course of medical histology. Methods Totally 126 students of Grade 2017 were assigned to the rain classroom group and traditional teaching group. Traditional teaching method and rain classroom method were used in the traditional teaching group and the rain classroom group respectively. Both two groups of students evaluate the effects of rain classroom used in the course of medical histology from the questionnaire, experiment examination and theoretical examination. Results Compared with the traditional teaching group, most of the students in the rain classroom group were satisfied with the new teaching model and had statistical significance in experiment examination and theoretical examination scores (P<0.05). Conclusion Rain classroom is suitable for the experimental teaching of histology, which can train students‘ various abilities and develop students’ lifelong learning ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Neurobiology

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Nogo-A in the rat dorsal root ganglion promotes the polymerization of tubulin and inflammatory heat hyperalgesia HU Qi-guo LIU Huai-cun CHEN Ling ZHAO Yan WANG Jun 2019, 50 (5):  549-553.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (413KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the regulation of microtubules by Nogo-A in the dorsal root ganglia during the inflammatory pain. Methods The ipsilateral paw withdrawal latency（PWL）was measured in wild type rats（WT，n=12) and Nogo-A konck-out (Nogo-A KO) rats (n=14) after complete Freunds adjuvant (CFA) injection. Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining were used to study the expression of microtubules and phosphorylated collapsin response mediator protein 2（p-CRMP2）in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of both groups. Results Knock out of Nogo-A in rats had attenuated the CFA-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia. The acetylated tubulin was reduced, and the expression of p-CRMP2 was increased in the DRG of the Nogo-A KO rats. Conclusion Nogo-A is involved in the regulation of inflammatory heat hyperalgesia by promoting the microtubule polymerization via CRMP2 pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Glial response following diffuse axonal injury LI Mei-yu MU Jiao WANG Ting-ting LI Wei-min ZHANG Guo-hui 2019, 50 (5):  554-560.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (580KB) ( )   Objective To explore the glial response and the relationship with secondary axonal degeneration in rats after diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control or DAI groups sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days with 10 rats in each group. DAI model was made referring to modified Marmarou method and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba1), recombinant oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (Olig2), CC-1, NG2 immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining and transmission electron microscopy were performed in brain stem. Results The number of Iba1 labeled positive cells was significantly increased at day 3 and day 7 after injury. Moreover, different hypertrophic morphology was identified after injury. There was no effect of DAI on GFAP expression in brain stem. Numbers of mature oligodendrocyte marker CC-1 immunoreactivity cells within brain stem were significantly decreased at each of the time points after injury. The number of TUNEL positive cells in brain stem was significantly increased with injured time. Olig2 expression was significantly increased throughout the first week and reached peak at day 3 after injury in brain stem. The number of NG2 labeled positive cells was significantly increased at day 3 and day 7 after DAI. Ultrastructural evidence showed myelin release then further developed as widespread delamination and collapse, and leading to degeneration of axonal partner. Conclusion Mature oligodendrocytes are vulnerable in DAI and myelin loss may contribute to axonal degeneration. OPCs proliferate with activation of microglia. This insight of glial response will further explain the pathophysiological mechanism of secondary axonal damage in DAI. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Localization and expression analysis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nitric oxide synthase in the eyeball of Chinese alligator HUANG Yan-jiao ZHENG Lan-rong ZHOU Yong-kang 2019, 50 (5):  561-564.  doi: 视网膜| 脑源性神经营养因子| 一氧化氮合酶| 免疫组织化学| 扬子鳄 Abstract ( )   PDF (405KB) ( )   Objective To explorethe expression and distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the egeball of Chinese alligator,as well as the relationship between them in the eyeball. Methods The homology of amino acid sequence of BDNF or NOS proteinfromhuman, Oryctolaguscuniculus, Xenopuslaevis and Danioreriowas analyzed by bioinformatics.The distribution sites of NOS and BDNF in the alligator’s eyeball were detected using HE staining,immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, respectively. Results Both the choroid layer and the layer of the retina found the BDNF expressing in the alligator’s eyeball.The NOS immunopositive was abundantly expressed in the ganglion cell layer of the retina. The BDNF and NOS were both founded in the ganglion cell layer and the inner boundary layer of the retina. Conclusion BDNF and NOS are expressed in the eyeballs of Chinese alligators, which may be related to the adjustment of visual formation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of intrathecal injection of M_ERK2-shRNA adenovirus on diabetic neuropathic pain in mouse WANG Yue-jing YAO Hong-bo ZHANG Meng LIAN Jie ZHANG Hai-yan LIU Dan-yang LI Lin ZHANG Yu-hua LI Jin-he SUN Li-hui 2019, 50 (5):  565-569.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (453KB) ( )   Objective To explore the mechanism of extracellular regulated protein kinase 2 (ERK2) in diabetic neuropathic pain(DNP) mice. Methods Forty mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, DNP group, siERK2-DNP group (intrathecal injection of M_ERK2-shRNA adenovirus), siRNA-DNP group (intrathecal injection of siRNA adenovirus). The pain threshold was detected after the model made successfully, the mechanical pain threshold was detected before moulding, after moulding 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks. Spinal cord tissues were taken after 6 weeks, and the expression of ERK2 and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) in the posterior horn of the spinal cord was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the control group, the pain threshold of DNP group and siRNA-DNP group decreased significantly, the expression of ERK2 and NFκB increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the pain threshold of siERK2-DNP group had no significant change, and the expression of ERK2 and NFκB had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion The marked down-regulation of ERK2 may be one of the important mechanisms affecting neuronal injury in the spinal dorsal horn of diabetic neuropathic pain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Neurobiology

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Role and mechanism of regulatory T cells in promoting endothelialization of carotid artery after balloon injury CHEN Lei YANG Yong MENG Xiang-yun QIN Li-jun 2019, 50 (5):  570-575.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (558KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of regulatory T cells (Treg cell) in promoting endothelialization of carotid artery after balloon injury. Methods Treg cells were isolated from rat spleen by Treg cell sorting kit and carotid artery injury model was established. The rats were divided into three groups: control group (the same volume of normal saline), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) group (intravenous injection of VEGF，20 μmol/kg) and Treg cell group (1×105 Treg cells injected via tail vein). HE staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect endothelialization. The levels of interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor β(TGF-β), IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)in serum were detected by ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of monocytes, T cells and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Results Histological staining showed that no endothelial cells were observed in the control group, and more endothelial cells were found in the carotid intima in the Treg cell group. The result of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of IL-10,TGF-β, IL-1 β and TNF-α protein in the control group and the Treg cell group were significantly different (t=8.252, P<0.01; t=3.254, P<0.05; t=6.237, P<0.01; t=7.529, P<0.01). ELISA result showed that the contents of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-1β and TNF-α in the control group were (17.38±2.595) μg/L, (4.750±1.549) μg/L, (11.65±1.908) μg/L and (1.163±0.3333)μg/L, respectively, while those in the Treg cell group were (58.43±6.060) μg/L, (14.17±2.250) μg/L, (1.550±0.3819) μg/L and (0.2100±0.06938) μg/L, with significant differences (t=6.170, P<0.01; t=3.558, P<0.01; t=5.191, P<0.01; t=2.800, P<0.05). The result of flow cytometry showed that the ratio of CD34+VEGFR-2+EPC in control group was (0.2838±0.01975)%, and that in Treg cell group was (0.5667±0.05993)% (t=4.483, P<0.01).The proportion of EPC in IL-10 blocking group was 0.4807±0.03067, compared with the Treg cell group, there was no significant difference (t=1.278, P>0.05).The proportion of EPC in TGF-β blocking group was(0.3082±0.02291)%, compared with the Treg cell group, the difference was significant (t=4.029, P<0.01). Conclusion Treg cells promote the rapid endothelialization of carotid artery after balloon injury by inducing EPC mobilization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk factors affecting the outcome of cerebral infarction CHEN Xin YAN Xiao-ming LI Ai-hong 2019, 50 (5):  576-579.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (102KB) ( )   Objective To explore the risk factors that affect the outcome of cerebral infarction. Methods The clinical data of 594 patients with cerebral infarction were retrospectively analyzed, and 351 healthy subjects matched with age were compared. Two groups of demographic, past history and clinical laboratory indicators were compared, and multivariate analysis was performed using non-conditional logistic regression to rebeal the risk factors that affect the outcome of cerebral infarction. Results Homocysteinemia level, lipoprotein(a) level, fasting blood glucose level, admission systolic blood pressure and hypertension history were the independent risk factors affecting the outcome of cerebral infarction. Conclusion The risk factors for the poor prognosis of cerebral infarction should be controlled early, so as to reduce and prevent the poor outcome and cerebral infarction recurrence. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Anthropology

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Characteristics and relationship of bone strength and body composition in pre- and post- menopausal Dongxiang women YE Zhen-zhen YI Jian-feng PAN Jian-xi ZENG Zhao-yang WANG Xin-ping PAN Hai-bang 2019, 50 (5):  656-661.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (111KB) ( )   Objective To analyze the changes of bone strength and body composition in pre- and post- menopausal Dongxiang women and explore the impact of body composition change on bone strength. Methods From Sep. 2016 to Jul. 2018, 203 cases Dongxiang 41-50 year old women (102 cases of premenopause and 101 cases of postmenopause) of Gansu Province were selected by stratified random sampling method , whose bone strength and body composition indexes were measured by ultrasonic bone mineral density meter and body composition analyzer respectively. Results There were lower bone strength and muscle tissue composition in the postmenopausal Dongxiang women (P<0.05), and there was higher fat tissue composition (P<0.01). The prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in postmenopausal women (P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that muscle tissue composition was positively correlated with the bone strength (P<0.01), and it was negatively correlated with fat tissue composition in the pre- and postmenopausal Dongxiang women (P<0.01). Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis showed that limb muscle mass and subcutaneous fat mass were a protective factor and a risk factor for bone strength in pre- and post-menopausal Dongxiang women, respectively. Conclusion The bone strength of Dongxiang women was determined by muscle and fat tissue, and associated with the distribution of body composition. The relationship between bone strength and body composition was not affected by menopause. Menopause was an important factor that increased the incidence of osteoporosis in Dongxiang women, and we should reinforce osteoporosis prevention in postmenopausal Dongxiang women. Strengthen physical exercise, increase limb muscle mass and reduce subcutaneous fat could contribute to increase bone strength and prevent osteoporosis in in the pre- and post-menopausal Dongxiang women. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Anatomy

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Anatomical classification and clinical significance of scapular notch based on CT 3D reconstruction ZHANG Lei LIU Yang ZENG Yan YU Fei REN Lin FU Shi-jie 2019, 50 (5):  620-626.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (325KB) ( )   Objective To research the anatomical classification of suprascapular notch based on CT 3D reconstruction and its clinical significance. Methods A total of 300 suprascapular (left 142, right 158) data were collected from Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University were measured based on CT 3D reconstruction. The suprascapular images were reconstructed by CT 3D technique, and the scapular morphological classification was made and geometric data were measured. Results Five types of suprascapular notch were found. Type Ⅰ(√, a total of 138 cases, 46%) was the most common, followed by type Ⅱ (U, a total of 125 cases, 41.7%), type Ⅲ(Ⅴ, a total of 20 cases, 6.7%), type Ⅳ(O, atotol of 10 cases, 3.3%) and type Ⅴ (Ω, a total of 7 cases, 2.3%), in addition, found W-shaped, double O-shaped each 1, because of the number was rare, it was not included in the classification. The average depth and width of the left suprascapular notch were (5.58±1.42) mm and (10.22±3.24) mm, and the right scapula were (6.02±1.87)mm and (10.81±3.35) mm, respectively(P<0.05). The width of the incision of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ was wider than that of the other three types, which were (12.46±3.20)mm and (9.95±2.68)mm, and P<0.05. In addition, the length of the vertical point from the lowest point of the suprascapular notch to the base of the scapula was different. Type Ⅰ (the shortest) was about (12.52±2.56) mm, and type Ⅲ(the longest) was about (14.48±4.29) mm. There was a statistical difference between type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ (P<0.05). Conclusion Based on the result of CT three-dimensional reconstruction, the suprascapular notch is divided into five types, which are √-shaped, U-shaped, Ⅴ-shaped, O-shaped, and Ω-shaped. The probability of suprascapular nerve compression in Ⅴ-shaped and O-shaped is more, on the contrary, the shape of the √-shaped and U-shaped compression is small. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of human body surface area calculation formulas with three-dimensional anthropometry LIU Guo-hua SHENG Di-ye 2019, 50 (5):  627-632.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (294KB) ( )   Objective To observe the difference of the human body surface area (BSA) formula based on three-dimensional measurement in practical application. Methods The data of 1249 college students (639 males, 610 females) from physical health examination in 2018 were selected. Using the one-way factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis and Bland-Altman comparative analysis, comparisons between the BSA values using four BSA calculation formulas based on three-dimensional measurement and with the traditional formula measurement by Yongmei Hu’s were made as well. Results There were significant statistical differenes between the BSA values of the formulas (P<0.01), while the correlation between them (r≥0.985) were also rather high. Results from Hu Yong-mei’s formula were higher than the other four 3D formulas in both genders, with the BSA of males 7.32%-12.11% higher than the mean while female BSA values were 5.53%-11.72% above the average. It has been shown from the Bland-Altman analysis that the formula from ChiYuang Yu had the highest consistency score (95%CI 1.021-1.034) among the selected four 3D measurement formulas. Conclusion Within the four BSA formulas based on 3D measurement principle, ChiYuang Yu’s formula is relatively more suitable to estimate the BSA values of both Chinese males and females. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anatomic classification of the subtalar joint surface and its clinical significance BA-dalahu HE Chun-ying ZHANG Lei LUO Yuan-fa JIA Wen-li CHENG Han-wen FU Shi-jie 2019, 50 (5):  633-637.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (249KB) ( )   Objective To study the anatomical and morphological characteristics of the subtalar joint surface and to explore its clinical significance. Methods Totally 365 dry calcaneus specimens (sex, age unknown) were selected. Its long axis sum and the short axis sum were measured using Vernier caliper. The Gissane’s angle (the angle was formed by two lines along the anterior and posterior articular surfaces of calcaneus respectively) and the Bohler’s angle (the angular measurement was formed by a line from the posterior calcaneal margin to the margin of the posterior facet and a second line from the margin of the posterior facet to the superior margin of the anterior calcaneal process) were measured using Goniometer. Results According to the anatomical morphology, the subtalar joint surface can be divided into 5 types: type Ⅰ (189, 51.78%), type Ⅱ (80, 21.92%), type Ⅲ (51, 13.97%), type Ⅳ (37, 10.14%) and type Ⅴ (8, 2.19%). The long axis sum of type Ⅲ (4.55±0.6) cm was significantly smaller than other types (P<0.05). With regard to the short axis sum, the type Ⅱ (3.68±0.51) cm was statistically larger than other types (P<0.05) and the type Ⅴ (3.3±1.2) cm was statistically larger than types Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ (P<0.05). In term of Gissane’s angle, type Ⅲ (128.74±6.34) ° was statistically smaller than types Ⅰ, Ⅳ (P<0.05). In term of Bohler’s angle, type Ⅱ (28.69±7.51) ° was statistically smaller than types Ⅰ, Ⅲ (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between left and right sides of the articular facets in this study (P>0.05). Conclusion In this experiment, there are five variations in the articular surface of calcaneal talus, mainly type Ⅰ, and its anatomical morphological classification has certain guiding significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Double modality fusion between CT and MRI for human head based on surface anatomic characters JI Da-feng MA Zhong-bin 2019, 50 (5):  638-644.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (899KB) ( )   Objective To explore the accuracy of double modality fusion between CT and MRI for human head, based on pair anatomical points registration. Methods CT and MRI were approached in 4 patients, digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) files were loaded on 3D Slicer (version 4. 8.1), the surface and brain were reconstructed automatically with volume rendering as reconstructed models, 10 surface characters were tested with localization error and would be used as fiducial points, 8 of the points would be chosen as pairpoints for registration according the localizing error after 5 localizations, 5 registration groups based on 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 fiducial points were divided. Singular value decomposition (SVD) was employed for registration as a basic algorithm, and fiducial registration error (FRE) was used to evaluate the registration error. Results FRE values of double modality fusion were 2.68-6.54 mm. FRE values of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 fiducial points were (5.14±0.97)mm, (4.71±0.64)mm, (4.45±0.59)mm, (4.13±0.55)mm, (3.54±0.72)mm respectively. There was no statistical difference between neighbor groups, while in 4 and 8 points groups, the FRE values were different statistically. Conclusion Surface anatomic characters can be used for double modality fusion between CT and MRI; FRE values after CT-MRI double modality fusion are reduced with the increase of points. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the therapeutic use of methylene blue in ischemic stroke ZHANG Meng-qin LU Jian-fei CHEN Chun-hua 2019, 50 (5):  677-683.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (120KB) ( )   Stroke has been widely studied as a highly lethal and highly disabling disease worldwide. Methylene blue approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) of the United States has been used in the treatment of methemoglobinemia and cyanide poisoning for more than one hundred and twenty years. In recent studies, it has been found to have neuroprotective effects and is effective in a few of animal models of ischemic stroke. This article briefly reviews the recent research on the therapeutic use of methylene blue in ischemic stroke. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of janus kinase - signal transducers and activators of transcription signal transduction pathway and neurogenesis LIU Kuang-pin MA Wei YANG Jin-wei DAI Yun-fei GUO Jian-hui LI Li-yan 2019, 50 (5):  684-689.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.024 Abstract ( )   PDF (111KB) ( )   Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) signal transduction pathway is related to cellular biological activities and occurrence and development of many diseases. In recent years, JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway has been found in the central nervous system to regulate neurodegenerative diseases and nerve regeneration after nerve injury；however, promoting endogenous neurogenesis as a new direction of nerve regeneration research is also closely related to the positive or negative regulation of JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway. This article reviews the research progress of JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway, neurogenesis, and JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway regulating neurogenesis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Circular RNA and its role in liver diseases WANG Qi-wen LI Pan WANG Song-yun GUO Xue-qiang ZHANG Chun-yan YANG Ya-jun LI Jian-yong XU Cun-shuan 2019, 50 (5):  690-697.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.025 Abstract ( )   PDF (159KB) ( )   The circular RNA (circ RNA) is a novel non-coding RNA having no 5’ end cap structure and a 3’ end poly(A) tail, and is a reversely linked closed loop structure formed by non-covalent bonds. Due to its role as a sponge for miRNA molecules and biomarker, circular RNA can be used in the treatment and diagnosis of liver diseases, and it has increasingly become a research hotspot. In this paper, the research on circRNA and circRNA in liver disease is reviewed, in order to provide theoretical basis and new ideas for the research and treatment of future liver diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the study of the murine hematopoiesis during the early stage of embryogenesis LIU Dong-hua HE Xi PEI Yi-yan LIANG Yu-sen LI Ling-heng LIU Hui-wen 2019, 50 (5):  698-702.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.026 Abstract ( )   PDF (218KB) ( )   The development of the murine embryonic hematopoietic system occurs in spatially and temporally distinct waves, which it is described as three waves so far-primitive hematopoiesis, bipotential erythroid-myeloid progenitors (EMPs) generation and long-lived transplantable hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maturation from their precursors and differentiation toward all the adult lineages. The latest point is that HSC-independent hematopoietic lineages are produced in the primitive wave and definitive progenitor wave in the early mammalian embryo, such as primitive erythrocytes or EMPs. The HSC-dependent phase of hematopoietic development produces all the adult lineages derived from HSCs. In this review, the recent studies on the development of hematopoietic cells and HSCs in the yolk sac and aorta-gonad-mesonephron region (AGM) region at cellular and molecular level will be summarized to provide an integrated model of developmental hematopoiesis, although multiple hematopoietic sites are involved in ebryonic hematopoiesis. It may offer new insights into the characteristics and its underlying mechanism of hematopoiesis at the early stage of embryogenesis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances of mechanism and function of bone vascularization LI Xu CHEN Yi-min WANG Ding-yu SHEN Zhong-cheng ZHANG Wei-guang 2019, 50 (5):  703-706.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.027 Abstract ( )   PDF (93KB) ( )   The vascular system in bone not only provides oxygen and nutrients to highly anabolic skeletal cells, but also participates in the process of bone formation and bone regeneration. Based on morphological and physiological characteristics, two subtypes of bone capillaries can be distinguished. Endothelial cells and osteoprogenitor cells influence each other by secreting specific growth factors, which have an important role in the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. A greater understanding of the architecture of the bone vasculature and the angiogenic response may contribute to enhanced bone regeneration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Histology,Embryology and Developmental Biology

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Observing and detecting on blood flow in hepatic sinus in hepatic steatosis mice CHEN Chong-jiu FAN Jing WANG Yu-chen QUAN Wei WANG Jian-wei LI Shi-liang ZHANG Wei-guang 2019, 50 (5):  645-650.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (953KB) ( )   Objective Due to the distortion of hepatic cells in hepatic steatosis, the characteristics of blood flow in the liver could change. This study observed the morphology, blood flow velocity and tortuosity changes aimed to help the diagnosis and treatment in the hepatic steatosis. Methods The hepatic steatosis model was established by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and olive oil in mice, and then liver tissue was stained with HE and oil red O staining. Laser ultrasound was used to measure the blood flow changes in the superficial hepatic vessels of the left lobe. The mice’s tail veins were injected with Texas red fluorescent dye, then two-photon fluorescence microscopy were used to detect the flow of red blood cells in mice’s hepatic sinusoids, blood vessel diameter, the hepatic sinusoidal tortuosity. Results After injected with CCl4 for two(n=16) or four(n=16) weeks, the oil red O staining indicated lipid accumulation in hepatic cells, especially around the central vein. HE staining indicated narrowing of the hepatic sinusoidal vessels, and more obviously in 4-weeks group. As the modeling time increased, the blood flow velocity decreased gradually in hepatic sinusoids and superficial hepatic vessels in the left lobe, and the diameter of the hepatic sinusoids became smaller. Conclusion In the hepatic steatosis, the internal diameter of hepatic sinus decreases, and the blood flow also decreases in the hepatic sinusoids, but hepatic sinusoidal tortuosity increases. All of this provide a visual morphological experimental basis for the early diagnosis and treatment to the hepatic steatosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Perfusion and cryopreservation of whole ovaries with vascular pedicles in common experimental animals CHEN Wen-ming XU Zhi-hui 2019, 50 (5):  672-676.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.05.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (527KB) ( )   Objective Using the perfusion needle which is authorized and special perfusion technology to perfuse the whole ovary with vascular pedicle of common animals, such as rabbits, guinea pigs and rats, then comparative analysis of the adjustable perfusion needles whether can be applied to different animals, whether this kind of perfusion pressure and perfusion rate is appropriate for different sizes of ovaries, and using the classic cryopreservation protocol to freeze and thaw. Methods Collecting 12 ovaries respectively from 6 chinese sexual maturity rabbits, 6 Dunkan-Hartley guinea pigs and 6 SD rats to do experiments. Results Through HE staining to count the normal proportion of primordial follicles in each section, the result of HE staining in three animals indicated that there was no statistical significance (P＞0.05), vascular injury was mainly in the upper (far away from ovary), there was no obvious damage in lower (close to ovary) in three animals’ each group. Conclusion The experiment confirms that through adjusting straw needle size we can perfuse different size of animal organs and under the condition of the same perfusion pressure (60 mmHg) and rate (1 ml/min) it is suitable for rabbits’ ovaries, guinea pigs’ ovaries and rats’ ovaries at the same time. References | Related Articles | Metrics