Table of Content

2019, Volume 50 Issue 4
06 August 2019 Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
Medical Education
Review
Anthropology
Histology,Embryology and Developmental Biology
Cell and Molecules Biology

Neurobiology
Cancer Biology
Anatomy


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells into corneal epithelial-like cells by conditioned medium GE Fang DU Li-qun 2019, 50 (4):  527-532.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (14229KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the feasibility of inducing human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to differentiate into corneal epithelial-like cells by conditioned medium (CM). Methods DPSCs were isolated and identified by flow cytometry. The effect of basal medium (BM) and different CM on the proliferation activity of DPSCs was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay. DPSCs were induced by 30%CM, 60%CM, 90%CM. The cells cultured in BM were negative control group. Corneal epithelial cells markers cytokeratin 3 (CK3) and cytokeratin 12 (CK12) were detected by immunofluorescence assay. Results There was no significant difference in the proliferation activity of DPSCs between BM group and different CM group(P> 0.05). Cells in the 30%, 60%, 90%CM group did not express CK3 after 3 days induction, cells in the 60%and the 90%CM group began to express CK12; CK3 and CK12 were expressed in the 30%, 60%, 90%CM group after 7 days; At the 11th and 14th day, cells continued to express CK3 and CK12 in the 30%, 60%, and 90% CM groups. No expression of CK3 and CK12 was observed in the BM group. Conclusion DPSCs are capable of differentiating into corneal epithelial-like cells under the induction of CM. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Medical Education

Select

Taking human anatomy course as an opportunity to optimize humanistic education in military medical university under  the “Healthy China 2030” strategy KOU Zhen-zhen LI Hui LI Yun-qing 2019, 50 (4):  533-536.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (772KB) ( )   Human anatomy is one of the most important courses of preclinical medicine. This paper discusses that during human anatomy learning at the beginning of students’ freshman year, how to optimize the humanistic education in military medical universities and to create strong medical humanistic atmosphere and deepen theoretical and practical understanding under the strategy of “Healthy China 2030”. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

Select

Progress of mechanism and therapy on cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage LIU Si-qi ZHANG Yan SUN Juan CHEN Chun-hua 2019, 50 (4):  537-542.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (968KB) ( )   Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for about 5% of all stroke patients, with high disability and mortality. Secondary cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after SAH interrupts cerebral blood flow to important parts of the brain, and then causes cerebral ischemia, which is one of the major complications of the disability and mortality. CVS usually occurring 3 to 12 days after SAH and lasted for an average of two weeks. The mechanism of CVS after SAH is very complex, and it is a process involving multiple factors and links, including hemolysis products, imbalance of vasodilator and vasoconstrictors, inflammation, activation of signal cascade reaction, apoptosis and expression of related genes. The treatment of CVS after SAH is divided into interventional therapy and drug therapy. Effective prediction, prevention, and treatment of CVS will significantly improve survival and quality of life after SAH. This article briefly reviews progress of the research on the mechanism and treatment of cerebral vasospasm af er SAH. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Role of inflammation between pyroptosis and atherosclerosis WANG Xi-zhi YUAN Jia-ying ZHANG Jian ZHANG Song-ou LIU Xue-hong 2019, 50 (4):  543-548.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.024 Abstract ( )   PDF (3901KB) ( )   Cardiovascular disease is the highest mortality disease in the world’s chronic noninfectious diseases，and atherosclerosis plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Inflammation is closely related to the formation of atherosclerosis, and it is widely involved in the process of pyroptosis. The important functional molecules of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD(ASC) and Caspase-1 are involved in the formation of AS. The process of pyroptosis is accompanied by the production and release of interleukin(IL) and other inflammatory mediators, and the inflammatory reaction may in turn promote the development of pyroptosis. Therefore, the three aspects about the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, pyroptosis, and its function between the two are reviewed in this review. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Anthropology

Select

Genetic polymorphism of rs1051169 G/C and rs9984765 T/C in S100B gene in Chinese Guangxi population LIU Chun-hong LU Yu-lan WANG Rong HUANG Hua-tuo WEI Ye-sheng 2019, 50 (4):  517-521.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (2071KB) ( )   Objective To explore the distribution characteristics of S100B gene rs1051169 G/C and rs9984765 T/C polymorphisms in Guangxi population, and to compare the distribution differences among different races and districts population. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-single base extension (SBE-PCR) and DNA sequencing were used to detect the genotype of rs1051169 G/C and rs9984765 T/C among 398 individuals in Guangxi. The results were compared with the allele and genotype of other four populations (HapMap-CEU, HapMap-YRI, HapMap-JPT, HapMap-HCB) from Haplotype Map(Hap Map). Results There were GG, CG and CC genotypes at the rs1051169 G/C of S100B gene in Guangxi population, with frequencies of 41.2%, 44.7% and 14.1%, respectively, and G and C allele frequencies were 63.6% and 36.4%, respectively. TT, CT and CC genotypes were found at rs9984765 T/C, with frequencies of 47.7%, 44.5% and 7.8%,respectively, and allele frequencies of T and C were 70.0% and 30.0%,respectively. There were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of rs1051169 G/C and rs9984765 T/C among male and female in Guangxi population (P>0.05). The genotype and allele frequency of rs1051169 G/C in Guangxi population showed significant difference as compared with HapMap-CEU, HapMap-YRI and HapMap-JPT (P<0.01), the allele frequency of rs1051169 G/C in Guangxi population showed significant difference as compared with HapMap-HBC (P<0.05), but their genotype frequencies showed no significant difference as compared with HapMap-CEU (P>0.05). The genotype and allele frequency of rs9984765 T/C in Guan gxi population showed significant difference as compared with HapMap-YRI, HapMap-JPT and HapMap-HBC (P<0.05), there was no significant difference compared with HapMap-CEU (P>0.05).Conclusion The polymorphisms of rs1051169 G/C and rs9984765 T/C in S100B gene in Guangxi populations, and their polymorphisms are different from different races and district populations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Histology,Embryology and Developmental Biology

Select

Protective effects of Angelica Sinensis polysacchairides on the testis ofaging model mice induced by D-galactose QIU Zhu JIANG Rong WANG Zi-ling CHEN Lin-bo CHEN Xiong-bin WANG Lu HUANG Guo-ning WANG Ya-ping 2019, 50 (4):  506-511.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (2841KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the protective effects of Angelica Sinensis polysacchairides (ASP) on the testis of aging mice induced by D-galactose(D-Gal) and its mechanism. Methods Forty male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into the normal,ASP normal,aging model and ASP aging model groups,with 10 mice in each group.The aging model group mice were subcutaneously injected with D-Gal(120 mg/kg，qd×42);the normal group mice were subcutaneously injected with saline of the same dose at the same time;the ASP normal group mice were subcutaneously injected with the same amount of saline,qd×15,and following intraperitoneally injected with ASP(140 mg/kg，qd×27);the ASP aging model group were the same as the aging model group, from the 16th day of establishment of the aging model group on, the mice were subcutaneously injected with the same dose and the same time of ASP.The 2nd day after model establishment,peripheral blood was collected from the inner canthus vein and the content of serum testosterone was measured;the testes were sampled and testicular index determined; paraffin sections and HE staining of the testes were prepared,the testis histopathology was observed;frozen sections of the testes were prepared,the aging of testicular cells was detected by senescence associated-β-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal) staining;the tissue homogenate of testes was prepared,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) was evaluated by enzymatic method ,the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) was detected by 2,2’-amino-di(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline sulphonic acid-6) ammonium salt(ABTS),the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) was measured by thiobarbituric acid method ;the expression of aging-related proteins P53 and P21 was detected by Western blotting. Results There is no significant difference in the wet weight of testis and the index of testicular organs in the groups,but the testicular tissue structure of the aging model group was obviously damaged.The layers of the spermatogenic cells in seminiferous epithelium,the testicular interstitial cells and the serum testosterone level significantly decreased;the positive cells detected by SA-β-Gal stain markedly increased;the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) obviously decreased,while the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) increased significantly;and the expression of P53 and P21 was evidently up-regulated.Compared the ASP aging model group with the aging model group,the testicular tissue structure was not obviously damaged.The number of the spermatogenic cells,the testicular interstitial cells and the serum testosterone level decreased less evidently,the SA-β-Gal stain positive cells decreased significantly;the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the total anti oxidant capacity(T-AOC) increased significantly,while the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) decreased significantly;and the expression of P53 and P21 was remarkably down-regulated. Conclusion ASP can antagonize testis aging induced by D-galactose in mice.Inhibition of oxidative stress damage and the expression of senescence-associated genes may be the underlying mechanism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Angiotensin （1-7） participating in renal fibrosis by inhibiting intermediate conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channels protein expression XU Shi LIU Yao-hao WANG Li-ping 2019, 50 (4):  512-516.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (5460KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the relationship between the protective effect of angiotensin (Ang) （1-7） and the protein expression of intermediate conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channels (KCa3.1) in renal fibrosis. Methods Totally 60 male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (WT); Ang Ⅱ group: mice received Ang Ⅱ ［1.4 mg/(kg.d)］by hypodermic injection; Ang Ⅱ blocker group (Losartan): mice received Ang Ⅱ ［1.4 mg/(kg.d)］and Losartan ［40 mg/(kg.d)］by hypodermic injection; Ang （1-7） group: mice received Ang Ⅱ ［1.4 mg/(kg.d)］and Ang （1-7） ［0.14 mg/(kg.d)］by hypodermic injection; diminazene aceturate(DIZE) group: mice received Ang Ⅱ ［1.4 mg/(kg.d)］and DIZE ［10 mg/(kg.d)］by hypodermic injection. After 4 weeks of continuous administration, the related indicators were detected. Masson staining was used to detect the collagen content, and Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of collagen type Ⅰ, collagen type Ⅲ and KCa3.1 channel. Results Collagen deposition in renal tissue increased significantly after 4 weeks of hypodermic injection of Ang Ⅱ (n=12，P<0.01) compared with the WT group, which suggested that the model of renal fibrosis was successfully reproduced. Ang Ⅱ significantly increased the synthesis of collagen type Ⅰ and Ⅲ (n=6,P<0.01) and increased the expression of KCa3.1 channel protein (n=6，P<0.01) in renal tissues, while Ang （1-7） and ACE2 activator DIZE significantly inhibited those exchanges (n=12 or 6，P<0.01). Conclusion Ang （1-7） plays a protective role in the process of renal fibrosis, which may be related to the downregulation of KCa3.1 channel protein expression in renal tissue. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cell and Molecules Biology

Select

Biological characteristics of endometrial stem cells isolated from ectopic lesions of endometriosis LIANG Sheng-ying WANG Hong-mei YANG Fen SUN Yu-liang LIU Yan-li YANG Jun LIN Jun-tang 2019, 50 (4):  438-444.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (10459KB) ( )   Objective To establish the approach of isolating, culturing and identifing endometrial stem cells (EnSCs) derived from ectopic lesion of endometriosis patient; and preliminarily examine the biological characteristic of ectopic EnSCs, which provide support for further study on the potential role of ectopic EnSCs in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Methods The ectopic lesions of endometriosis were harvested from the patients with the informed consent and transferred to lab as soon as possible. The ectopic lesions were minced, digested by collagenase Ⅰ and seeded into cell culture flasks for conventional culture (n=10). Expression of vimentin in ectopic EnSCs was examined by immunofluorescence (n=3). Proliferative capacity of ectopic EnSCs was examined by MTT assay (n=5). Multilineage differentiation potential of ectopic EnSCs was examined by adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation respectively (n=3). Immunophenotype analysis of ectopic EnSCs was determined by flow cytometry (n=3). Production of biological factors in ectopic EnSCs derived conditional medium (n=6) and expression of adhesion molecules on ectopic EnSCs (n=7) were examined by protein assays. Results We successfully isolated EnSCs from ectopic lesions of endometriosis patients, and ectopic EnSCs were positive for vimentin and typical markers of mesenchymal stem cell (CD29, CD73, CD90 and CD105), and negative for the markers of hematopoietic stem cell (CD34 and CD45). The induced ectopic EnSCs showed obvious lipid droplets (adipogenic differentiation) and calcium nodules (osteogenic differentiation). The ectopic EnSCs could secrete high concentration of angiogenic factors ［vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiotensin (ANG) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA］and angiogenesis associated inflammation cytokines ［interleukin (IL-6)，IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1)］. Additionally, adhesion molecules analysis demonstrated the high expression of activated leukocyte adhesion molecule（ACLAM）and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1（ICAM-1）on ectopic EnSCs. Conclusion We successfully establish the procedure of isolating and culturing ectopic EnSCs and demonstrate that ectopic EnSCs is capable of promoting angiogenesis through secreting high concentration of associated biological factors. The above result confirm the existence of EnSCs in ectopic lesions of endometriosis, which not only supports the stem cell based pathogenesis of endometriosis, but also shows the therapeutic potential of taking ectopic EnSCs as promising targets in the treatment of endometriosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Collagen promoting macrophage polarization into M1 inflammatory phenotype SU Xiao-wei WU Bo SUN Hai-mei DU Ya-lan ZHOU De-shan JI Feng-qing 2019, 50 (4):  445-450.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (11727KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of collagen on M1 macrophage polarization in vivo and in vitro study. Methods Immunofluorescence was used to detect the distribution of macrophages in clinical colorectal tumor, and the distribution of macrophages in orthotopic carcinoma model mice. Masson staining was used to detect collagen fibers in tumor tissues. The mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured on the cell culture dish coated by different concentration of type Ⅰ collagen, then determine the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor（TNF）, inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS）, CD163, CD206 by using Real-time PCR method . Results Macrophages were mainly distributed in the stroma of tumor tissue in human colon cancer tissue and mouse carcinoma samples, tumor-associated macrophages there were mainly M1-type, while macrophages in the parenchymal area of tumor tissue were mainly M2 macrophages; Type Ⅰ collagen induces macrophages polarization into M1 phenotype and inhibits the macrophages to the tumor-promoting M2-type in vitro; Masson staining showed that collagen fibers were mainly distributed in the stroma of tumor tissue both in human and mouse tumor, and collagen fibers around the tumor parenchymal cells were less, however, collagen fibers were abundant in the stroma of tumor tissue. Conclusion Type Ⅰ collagen induces the polarization of macrophages to M1 phenotype, while the decrease of collagen fibers around the tumor parenchymal cells may be one of the related factors for the M2 polarization of macrophages which can promote the progression and invasion and metastasis of tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Establishment of paired box gene 6/mouse embryonic stem cell line and its stem cell biological characteristics DING Ling GAO Jie LI Hong HU Rong SU Min 2019, 50 (4):  451-458.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (5874KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the overexpression of paired box gene 6(Pax6) gene in mouse embryonic stem cells and obtain cell line, which is the basis for further differentiation of Pax6/mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Methods mESCs were cultured in vitro, and the recombinant vector pEF1α-Pax6-IRES-AcGFP and the empty vector pEF1α-IRES-AcGFP were transfected into mESCs by liposome method respectively. The cells were screened by G418 gradient and fluorescent protein. The expression of Pax6 was detected by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and Western blotting and the proportion of Pax6/mESCs positive cells was detected by flow cytometry. The obtained cell line was detected by cell immunofluorescence for stem cell markers stage specific embryonic antigen 1(SSEA1) and octamer binding transcription factor 4(OCT4), and the pluripotency was detected by alkaline phosphatase staining. Pax6/mESCs cells were subcutaneously transplanted, and the grafts were observed by HE staining to observe their differentiation ability. Results Pax6 was successfully expressed in mESCs. After screening by G418, the cell line Pax6/mESCs was obtained, and the flow rate showed positive rate about 90%. Immunofluorescence showed that stem cell markers SSEA1 and OCT4 were positively expressed and alkaline phosphatase stained cells were stained brownish black, and transplantation in vivo could differentiate into three germ layers. Conclusion Pax6 is successfully expressed in mESCs. After screening by G418, the cell line Pax6/mESCs is obtained and shows the good stem cell characteristics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of mistletoe polysaccharose on mouse osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 promoting proliferation and  inhibiting apoptosis and its possible mechanism ZHAO Lei TIAN Shou-jin GE Jian-fei HUANG Qun ZHU Hong-yan DONG Qi-rong 2019, 50 (4):  459-464.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (4373KB) ( )   Objective To observe the effect of mistletoe polysaccharose on proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblast and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods The mistletoe polysaccharose was extracted and made different concentrations (0.625 g/L, 1.25 g/L, 2.5 g/L, 5 g/L) to treat mouse skull bone cell line MC3T3-E1. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation and extracellular alkaline phosphatase secretion were detected by BrdU and alkaline phosphatase ELISA kits. The mRNA expression level of osteoblast related gene was detected by Real-time PCR. Results Compared with the control group, the result of treatment groups with increasing mistletoe polysaccharose concentrations were as follows: the proportions of S phase and G2/M phase in cell cycle increased and the cell count Annexin Ⅴ+/PI-significantly decreased, the number of cells increased, extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity obviously decreased. The increasing transcription levels of Runtrelated transcription factor 2(Runtx2) and collagen typeⅠ alpha 1(COL1A) were stabled over 2.5 g/L and the upregulation of mRNA expression of osteocalcin (OC) was steady at 1.25 g/L. Conclusion Mistletoe polysaccharose can promote the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells, and its possible mechanism might be related to down-regulating of extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity and the grow exhanced expression of OC, Runtx2 and COL1A. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of abnormal thyroid function on body composition NI Ping WEN You-feng 2019, 50 (4):  522-526.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (796KB) ( )   Objective To understand the effect of abnormal thyroid function on body composition. Methods Selected course was less than 5 years with thyroid dysfunction disease, after the doctor’s standard advice for medicine and good clinical symptom control, 185 patients with hyperthyroidism (male 72, female 113), 154 patients with hypothro idism (33 male, 121 female) and healthy control group 344 cases (male 92, female 252) were included, the application of biological resistance was used respectively measuring body composition, analysis of limbs, trunk and body fat, the differences between the content of skeletal muscle. Results In men, the muscle mass in the hyperthyroidism group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in muscle mass in other groups, and no significant difference in fat mass between the three groups. In women, the muscle mass in all parts except the lower limbs in the hypothroidism group was significantly higher than that in the hyperthyroidism group and the control group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in muscle mass between the hyperthyroidism group and the control group. The fat content of all parts except the lower limbs in the hypothyroidism group was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group and the hyperthyroidism group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the fat content of all parts between the healthy control group and the hyperthyroidism group. Conclusion Hyperthyroidism can lead to decrease muscle mass in the trunk of male patients. Hypothyroidism can increase the amount of muscle and fat in the body composition of female patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Neurobiology

Select

Expression of repulsive guidance molecule A in polarized microglia after rat focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury WU Yan-ping QIN Xin-yue ZHANG Rong-rong HUANG Si-yuan ZHANG Lei 2019, 50 (4):  405-410.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (4775KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the expression of repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) in polarized microglia after rat focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, 7 days cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury group (I/R), and 14 days I/R group. The transient middle cerebral occlusion (tMCAO) model was induced by ligation with nylon monofilament. Real-time PCR was used to test the mRNA expression of M1 and M2 microglia marker interleukin-1β(IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase 1 (Arg-1) and CD206 in ipsilateral cortex at day 7 and day 14.Double immunofluorescence staining was performed to investigate the co-expression of RGMa and Iba1 in microglia. The microglia was incubated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS)or IL-4 in vitro. The mRNA expression of M1 and M2 microglia marker (IL-1β, iNOS, Arg-1, CD206) was tested by Real-time PCR. Western blotting was used to assess the proteins level of RGMa in M1 and M2 microglia. Results M1 and M2 microglia marker mRNA level were increased in ipsilateral cortex at day 7 and day 14. RGMa was strongly expressed in reactive microglia at day 7 and day 14. LPS or IL-4 treatment polarized microglia to M1 or M2 in vitro. The expression of RGMa protein in M1 and M2 microglia was increased. Conclusion RGMa was strongly expressed in reactive M1 and M2 microglia after ischemia/reperfusion injury. RGMa may play an important role in the process of microglia activation and polarization. RGMa may be a novel therapeutic target for stroke. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of dopamine receptors in rat olfactory bulb and its role in hyposmia of Parkinson’s disease rat model ZHOU Li ZHANG Da-wei WANG Zhi-yong 2019, 50 (4):  411-417.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (13446KB) ( )   Objective To observe the localization and expression of dopamine receptors in olfactory bulb (OB) of rats and explore the effect of L-levodopa(L-DOPA) treatment on hyposmia in Parkinson’s disease (PD) rat model. Methods Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to observe the expression and localization of dopamine receptors in the OB. PD rat model was established by bilateral 6-hydroxy dropamine(6-OHDA) injection to detect the effect of L-DOPA treatment on the hyposmia and the expression of glutamic decarboxylase (GAD) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) of PD rats.Results D1 and D2 receptors were the major subtypes in the OB.D1 and D2 receptors were expressed by GAD positive γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic neurons in the granule cell layer(GCL) which surrounded by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive nerve fibers. The expression of TH in the GCL layer of PD rats decreased significantly (0.05±0.01 vs 0.01±0.00,P<0.001). After L-DOPA treatment, the time of finding food balls in PD rats was significantly reduced ［(624.4±113.4)s vs (312.4±79.35) s, P<0.05］and the expression of BDNF in the OB was increased (0.02±0.01 vs 0.07±0.01,P<0.01). Conclusion D1 and D2 are expressed in the GABAergic neurons in the GCL layer of OB. L-DOPA treatment alleviates the hyposmia of PD rats, which may be related to the D1-D2 receptor heteromeractivation and its downstream BDNF expression of GABAergic neurons. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect and mechanism of caloric restriction on early social isolation-induced cognitive impairment in mice NIU Lei LUO Shi-shi ZENG Jia-yu WANG Zhen XU Yang CHEN Xi CAO Wen-yu WAN Wei 2019, 50 (4):  418-422.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (5696KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of caloric restriction (CR) on early social isolation (SI) induced cognitive dysfunction in mice. Methods Thirty-six kunming mice (3-weeks old) were randomly divided into group house (GH, n=12), early socially isolated (SI, n=12), caloric restriction and socially isolated (SI+CR, n=12).The GH group (6 mice/cage) and SI group (1 mice/cage) were reared separately under the same conditions, while the SI+CR group (1 mice/cage) were given food every other day. The open field experiment was used to measure the locomotive of mice; The object recognition task was used to evaluate the cognitive function; The expression of microglial marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1) in hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of microglial activation marker CD68 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in hippocampus was detected by Western blotting. Results In the open field test, there was no difference in the activity of the three groups of mice. Compared with the GH group, the SI group showed significantly reduced discrimination ratio in object recognition task, with remarkably up-regulated expression of IL-1β in hippocampus (P<0.01). In addition, SI group exhibited over-activated microglia in hippocampus indicated by increased number of IBA-1-positive cells and high expression of CD68 (P<0.01). Compared with the SI group, SI+CR group enhanced discrimination ratio in object recognition task, with down-regulated expression of IL-1β in hippocampus (P<0.01), and the number of IBA-1-positive cells and the expression of CD68 significantly reduced (P<0.01). Conclusion Caloric restriction alleviates SI-induced cognitive dysfunction, which might be attributed to the inhibiting of microglia activation in the hippocampus. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Persistent hyperglycemia induced by chronic restraint stress in rat is associated with nucleus tractus solitarius injury BI Wen-jie ZHENG Xiang 2019, 50 (4):  423-430.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (5581KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the role of anterior part of commissural subnucleus of nucleus tractus solitarius (acNTS) injury in insulin-resistant hyperglycemia during chronic restraint stress (CRS). Methods We produced the CRS models (n=20， a 7-day restraint followed by a 3-day free moving procedure for 40 days) in rats, and detected the parameters related to glucose metabolism. Results The CRS induced a moderate (not higher than 11 mmol/L) and irreversible insulinresistant hyperglycemia in about 1/3 (n=7) of the individuals. CRS-hyperglycemic rats showed a condensed staining of acNTS neurons, and Caspase-3 immunostaining and TUNEL also showed positive, indicating apoptotic changes of acNTS neurons. After acNTS mechanical damage (n=6), the blood glucose level rised gradually, which also led to insulin-resistant hyperglycemia. The characteristics of hyperinsulinemia, increased islet volume, and serum corticosterone levels in acNTS mice were consistent with those of CRS mice. Conclusion The result indicates that during CRS, injury (apoptosis) of glucose-sensitive acNTS neurons causes dysregulation of blood glucose. Restraint stress model has value as a potential application in the study of stress-induced hyperglycemia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats with hyperlipemia and the effect of scutellarin YANG Ying-chun WANG Rui-fang CHEN Xin-ji ZHANG Xiao-liang GAO Sai-hong REN Zhan-chuan 2019, 50 (4):  431-437.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (7451KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of scutellarin after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats with hyperlipemia,by observing the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 assaciated X protein (Bax) in cerebral cortex with hyperlipemia. Methods After the rat model of hyperlipidemia was established, the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model in hyperlipemia rats was established with thread embolism of the middle cerebral artery. The neurobehavioral score was used to observe the symptoms of neurobehavioral injury. 2,3,5 -triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC）staining was used to observe the cerebral infarct volume. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of brain tissue. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to observe the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax. Results Compared with the sham-operation group, the neurobehavioral scores,cerebral infarction volum and pathologic damage were significantly increased,the expressions of Bcl-2 was significantly lower, the expressions of Bax was significantly increased in ischemiareperfusion group(P<0.05). Compared with the saline group, the neurobehavioral scores, cerebral infarction volum and pathologic damage were significantly decreased,the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly increased, the expression of Bax was significantly decreased in scutellarin treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion In cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rats with hyperlipemia, scutellarin can alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting the expression of Bcl-2 and inhibiting the expression of Bax. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cancer Biology

Select

Effect of protocadherins 10 re-expression induced by 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine on invasion and migration capacity of breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and its mechanism ZHANG Wei ZHU Wen-bin YUE Li-ling LIU Li-kun 2019, 50 (4):  465-470.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (4805KB) ( )   Objective To investigate whether re-expression of protocadherin 10(PCDH10) induced by 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) could affect the invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells, and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods Human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was cultured in vitro. Control group and 5-Aza-CdR treatment group were set up. PCDH10 mRNA expression in MDA-MB-231 cell line was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); Transwell chamber and wound healing assay were performed to measure the invasion and migration capacity of the cells, and protein expression of PCDH10, DNA methyltransferase(DNMT)3A, DNMT3B, nuclear factor(NF)-κB p65, matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were detec Western blotting. Results 5-Aza-CdR could reverse the methylation status of PCDH10 gene in MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Re-expression of PCDH10 significantly inhibited cell invasion and migration capacity in vitro. Western blottoing analysis revealed that the expression of DNMT3A, DNMT3B, NF-κB p65, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in MDA-MB-231 cells were down-regulated after exposure to 5-Aza-CdR. Conclusion Re-expression of PCDH10 significantly inhibits MDA-MB-231 invasion and migration capacity. The inhibitory effect is characterized that 5-Aza-CdR treatment down-regulates DNMT3A and DNMT3B levels, recovers the expression of anti-oncogene PCDH10, further blocks the activation of NF-κB p65, resultsing in a decrease in the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of melatonin on the expression of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo CAI Rong ZHU Yu WANG Kai-fang ZHOU Rui-xiang LIU Hui 2019, 50 (4):  471-476.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (5485KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of melatonin(MLT) on the expression of type Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines such as interferon(IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor(TNF), interleukin(IL)-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,IL-17a and so on of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. Methods 1. Model of gastric cancer-bearing mice was established. Then 32 male 615 mice were all inoculated with murine foregastric carcinoma cells and randomly divided into 4 groups, and injected intraperitoneally with melatonin at doses of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, and measureed long and short diameter of tumor, respectively. After a week of intervention, peripheral blood was taken and the tumor tissue was removed for weighing and measurement. 2. Murine foregastric carcinoma (MFC)cells were inoculated into a six-well cell culture plate and routinely cultured. After 24 hours of adherence, they were treated with melatonin at different concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mmol/L. After 24 hours again, the cells morpology were observed and the corresponding supernatants were collected. 3. The expressions of melatonin concentrations in peripheral blood serum was detected by enzyme -linked imm unosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in peripheral blood serum and cell supernatants were detected by cytometric bead array (CBA) respectively. Results 1. Tumor-bearing mice models were successfully established. Compared with the negative control group, the melatonin concentration in peripheral blood serum of the middle and high dose MLT group which increased significantly, and the tumor volume significantly decreased. Compared with the negative control group, the concentration of IL-10 in the middle dose group increased significantly. And the concentration of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-10 in the high dose group increased significantly too. 2. Compared with the 0 mmol/L MLT group, the concentrations of IFN-γ in the 6 and 10 mmol/L MLT group were significantly decreased; the concentrations of IL-6 in the 4, 6, 8 and 10 mmol/L MLT group were significantly decreased, and the concentration of IL-10 in 6 mmol/L MLT group was significantly increased. All the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Melatonin inhibits the proliferation of murine foregastric carcinoma cell MFC both in vitro and in vivo, and may enhance tumor immunity by adjust the expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines of type Th1/Th2/Th17 cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Regulatory effect of grainyhead-like 2 gene on proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer cells by nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 transcription MEI Yan ZHANG Lin YANG Hong GUAN Ping 2019, 50 (4):  477-482.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1291KB) ( )   Objective To study the effect of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and the downstream gene grainyhead-like 2(GRHL2) on epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines and the interaction of Nrf2 and GRHL2. Methods We conducted ChIP-PCR assay to test the binding of Nrf2 with six candidate genes including GRHL2. Furthermore, we proved whether Nrf2 could bind with the GRHL2 promoter and transcriptionally activate the GRHL2 gene or not. Moreover, if the overexpression and knockdown of Nrf2 could increase and decrease the GRHL2 protein respectively. Results We discovered that fallopian tube epithelial cells taken from epithelial ovarian cancer patients and ovarian cancer cell lines highly expressed the Nrf2 and GRHL2 at mRNA level. The overexpression and knockdown of Nrf2 could increase and decrease the cells activity, respectively. However, the knockdown of GRHL2 could inhibit the influence of Nrf2 overexpression. Conclusion Nrf2 promotes the activity of epithelial ovarian cancer cells via modulating the GRHL2 gene transcriptionally. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Anatomy

Select

Relationship between thoracic paravertebral great vessels and vertebrae in adolescents of 13-15 years in Inner Mongolia XU Yang-yang LI Zhi-jun HE Yu-jie YAO Qin-yan ZHANG Yun-feng WANG Li-dong GAO Shang CAI Yong-qiang WANG Hai-yan LI Xiao-he 2019, 50 (4):  483-488.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (8832KB) ( )   Objective To explore the anatomical spatial relationship between aorta, superior and inferior vena cava and vertebral body in normal 13-15-year-old adolescents, and to provide evidence for anterior or posterior approach of operation on adolescent. Methods The normal thoracolumbar CT data of 63 13-15-year-old adolescents in Inner Mongolia were collected, including 15 cases of 13-year-old, 21 cases of 14-year-old and 27 cases of 15-year-old. The serial scanning data of thoracolumbar spine tomography were imported into Mimics16.0 for analysis and measurement in DICOM format. The focus of left transverse process and spinous process was determined as the original O point. Measuring the distance of aorta from origin O (AO), the aortic-vertebral angle(α),the distance of the superior vena cava from the origin O(V1O), the superior vena cava-vertebra body angle(β), the distance of the inferior vena cava from the origin O(V2O), the inferior vena cavavertebra angle(θ). Results AO,α：13-year-old（52.16±3.21）mm，（1.89±0.47）°；14-year-old（52.63±2.28）mm，（-1.91±0.97）°；15-year-old（57.57±3.52）mm，（-2.47±0.66）°；V1O，β：13-year-old（66.71±5.82）mm，（-5.14±1.42）°；14-year-old（77.01±2.89）mm，（-11.18±2.64）°；15.year.old（78.54±0.70）mm，（-20.61±2.05）°；V2O,θ：13-year-old（62.69±5.66）mm，（-23.85±1.92）°；14-year-old（65.71±5.39）mm，（-18.46±2.77）°；15-year-old（75.98±8.49）mm，（-18.58±2.09）°,There was significant difference in the distance and angle between large vessels and vertebral bodies between different vertebrae(P<0.05). Conclusion Mastering the distance and angle between large vessels and vertebral bodies is helpful to reduce the incidence of vascular injury in the process of spinal nailing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Digital measurement of anatomical parameters of normal Mongolian young college students’ears WANG Yi-dan CAI Yong-qiang HE Yu-jie GAO Ming-jie WANG Li-dong WANG Hai-yan LI Xiao-he LI Zhi-jun 2019, 50 (4):  489-494.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (2199KB) ( )   Objective To proform the digital three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement analysis of the normal Mongolian young students’ digital anatomical features so to provide anatomical parameters for auricle reconstruction surgery, data measurement for traumatic ear defects, and provide basic data for forensic disability identification. Methods A total of 32 Mongolian college students used the Artec Spider 3D scanner to perform a threedimensional scan of the auricle. The 59 sides (28 cases on the left side and 31 cases on the right side) were screened out. Using software measurement according to anthropometry, the ear length and width of the ear, the length and width of the ear, the length and width of the earlobe, and the correlation analysis were carried out. Results Fifty-nine cases of normal auricle were obtained. The results were as follows: morphological ear length was（25.72±2.64）mm, morphological ear width（49.73±5.18）mm, physiognomic ear length（60.06±4.89）mm, physiognomic ear width（28.68±3.25）mm, earlobe length（15.71±2.67）mm, lobe width（20.45±2.92）mm, the morphological ear index was 194.98±26.03, and the physiognomic ear index was 47.91±5.36. The morphological ear index was calculated to be 194.98±26.03, and the physiognomic index was 47.91±5.36. Conclusion The symmetry of the auricle is good, and there is a gender difference in the appearance and ear length of the auricle (P<0.05). There is a difference between the Mongolian nationality and the Han nationality in different regions (P<0.05). The feature ear length of the Mongolian young college students is similar to that of the Sichuan Han nationality in northwest China. Male physiognomic ear of Han nationality in Henan province between 20 and 29 years old is longer than male physiognomic ear length of 20 to 22 years old in this paper. Male physiognomic ear length of Mongolian young college students are as those of Han Chinese men in northwest China. The features and ear length of Mongolian young college students are similar to that of the southern Han nationality at the age of 20. Male physiognomic ear of Han nationality in Tunpu, Guizhou province is longer in this study (20-22 years old). Both male and female Mongolian college students have longer ears than those in Northwestern India. Caucasia male appearance ear is longer than those in Mongolian young male college students’appearance ear. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comparison of clinical effect between bridge locking anatomical plate with supported plate based four column in type Ⅲ Rüedi-Allgower Pilon fracture LIU Guo-xiong MA Han-fei XIAO Liu-bin LAI Jun-cheng LIU Lan 2019, 50 (4):  501-505.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (4516KB) ( )   Objective To explore the clinical effect between bridge locking anatomical plate with supported plate based four column in type Ⅲ Rüedi-Allgower Pilon fracture.Methods Retrospective study was performed on the clinical data of type Ⅲ Rüedi-Allgower Pilon fracture undergoing surgery. Patients were divided into two groups according to internal fixation. Some parameters including operation time, blood loss, and drainage, healing time, full burden time, functional score and pain score were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference between the operation time, blood loss and drainage between the two groups（t=0.37, P>0.05；t=0.71,P>0.05；t=0.24, P>0.05). The healing time and full burden time of experimental group was lower than control group significantly (t=1.56,P＜0.05；t=2.43, P＜0.05). For American Orthopaedic Food and Ankle Society(AOFAS) score and visual analogue score(VAS) in postoperative 1 month, there was no significant difference between the two groups. For AOFAS score and VAS score in experimental group was lower than control group after 3 months (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups in reduction quality Burwell-Charnley score and complication between two groups. Conclusion Supported plate based four column could improve the life quality of patietns with Pilon fracture, which is worth to recommed in clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Prediction of lung cancer typing based on radiomics LIANG Wei ZHAO Yan-qiu GUI Dong-qi DING Xiao-feng 2019, 50 (4):  495-500.  doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.04.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (4056KB) ( )   Objective To predict the classification of small cell lung cancer and nonsmall cell lung cancer based on Radiomics. Methods This study involved 131 patients with small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (including 119 in the training cohort and 12 in the validation cohort). The 107-dimensional omics features were extracted from the manually segmented lesions. The FSelector package in R statistical software was used to screen the key features of the phenomenological features. The support vector machines model and the k-fold cross-validation model were used to classify the pathology of lung cancer patients. The effect of lung cancer typing prediction in the training cohort and validation cohort was evaluated by plotting the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) and calculating the area under curve(AUC) values. Results This study selected 20 major Radiomics features for the differential diagnosis of small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. These features were well differentiated between small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer in the training cohort and validation cohort. In the validation cohort, the accuracy of the pre-lung cancer subtype classification was 75%, and the AUC result of the radiomics characteristics was 0.69. Conclusion This paper constructs a unique radiomics feature to be used as a diagnostic factor for distinguishing between small cell lung cancer and nonsmall cell lung cancer, which has important guiding significance for the realization of non-invasive pathologically effective classification of lung cancer and guiding the selection of follow-up treatment options for lung cancer patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics