解剖学报

解剖学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 98-106.doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.01.017

• 人类学 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国蒙古族头面部的体质人类学特征

李咏兰1,2* 刘璐1   

  1. 1.内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院，呼和浩特 010022; 2.内蒙古师范大学民族学人类学院，呼和浩特 010022
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-20 修回日期:2017-12-20 出版日期:2019-02-06 发布日期:2019-04-18
  • 通讯作者: 李咏兰 E-mail:liyonglan2005@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国北方蒙古族10个族群的体质人类学研究与精细遗传结构分析;巴尔虎等4个蒙古族族群的体质人类学和群体遗传学研究;中国西北地区蒙古族4个族群身体组成成分的研究;鄂尔多斯蒙古族25项群体遗传学特征研究

Physical anthropological characteristics of Mongolian head and face in China

LI Yong-lan 1,2* LIU Lu 1   

  1. 1.College of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022，China; 2.College of Ethnology and Anthropology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
  • Received:2017-11-20 Revised:2017-12-20 Online:2019-02-06 Published:2019-04-18
  • Contact: LI Yong-lan E-mail:liyonglan2005@126.com

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摘要：

目的 探讨中国蒙古族头面部体质人类学特征以及蒙古族各个族群头面部体质指标值的差异。 方法 对蒙古族17个族群的12项头面部测量指标（头长、头宽、面宽、额最小宽、形态面高、鼻高、鼻宽、眼内角间宽、容貌耳长、唇高、口宽、耳上头高）的均值进行聚类分析与主成分分析。 结果 东北三省的杜尔伯特部、郭尔罗斯部、阜新蒙古族、喀左县蒙古族的头宽、面宽、鼻宽值较小，口宽、额最小宽值小，两眼之间的距离近。北方汉族与科尔沁部头面部特征最为接近。巴尔虎部、鄂尔多斯部和青海和硕特部的头宽、面宽、鼻宽值大，而口宽、额最小宽值小，两眼之间的距离较近。布里亚特部、额济纳土尔扈特部、赤峰蒙古族、东北汉族、锡林郭勒蒙古族的共同特点是头、面、鼻较宽或中等，口宽、额最小宽值大，两眼之间的距离大。新疆察哈尔部和土尔扈特部的头宽、面宽、鼻宽值小，而口宽、额最小宽值中等，两眼之间的距离中等。云南蒙古族头面部特征与北方各个蒙古族族群差距较大。 结论 按照头面部特征可以将蒙古族分为3个大组。主成分分析表明，头面部和五官的宽度指标是区分蒙古族各个族群头面部形态特征的主要依据。北方汉族与蒙古族头面部特征有一定的共性。总体上来说，蒙古族面高、鼻高、形态面高均值与东亚类型均值接近，而不是与北亚类型接近。

关键词: 蒙古族, 头面部, 聚类分析, 主成分分析, 成人

Abstract:

Objective To explore the physical anthropology characteristics of Chinese Mongolian head and face. Methods A total of 12 head and face indexes (head length, head breadth, face breadth, minimum frontal breadth,morphological facial height, nasal height, nasal breadth, interocular breadth, physiognomic ear length, lip height, mouth breadth, auricular height) of the 17 Mongolian ethnic groups were analyzed by the cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Results The head length, face breadth and nose breadth of Duerbote, Guoer Ross, Fuxin, Calaqinleft were small, and the interocular breadth was close. Northern Han was close to Horqin. The head breadth, face breadth, nose breadth of Bargud and Ordos were large but mouth breadth, minimum frontal breadth, interocular breadth were small. Buriat, Torghut, Chifeng, Northeast Han and Xilincol had something in common that head, face and nose were more broad, and the mouth breadth, minimum frontal breadth and interocular breadth were large. Head length, face breadth, nose breadth of Xinjiang Qahar and Torghut were small, but mouth breadth, interocular breadth and minimum frontal breadth were medium. The Mongolian ethnic group’s facial features in Yunnan province differed greatly from the Mongolian ethnic groups in the north. Conclusion According to the characteristics of head and face, Mongolian people can be divided into three groups. The principal component analysis shows that the width index of head and face is the main basis for distinguishing the facial features of all ethnic groups in Mongolian. The facial features of Northern Han and Mongolian have some commonalities. Generally speaking, Mongolian ethnicity morphological facial height and, nasal height are close to East Asia but not North Asia.

Key words: Mongolian, Head face, Cluster analysis, Principal component analysis, Adult