汪沟遗址仰韶文化居民的肢骨特征

doi:10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2020.01.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨新石器时代居民体质发育情况。方法参照《人体测量方法》，对汪沟遗址出土的108例人骨标本的肱骨、胫骨和股骨主要测量项分别进行测量，用Excel 2019软件对肢骨指数、性别二态性和身高进行对比分析。结果肱骨、股骨整体发育水平较同时期对比组强壮，较内蒙古地区对比组弱，股骨中部肌肉附着偏少；两性肱骨粗壮程度差异无统计学意义（t＝0.811 ，P>0.05），股骨粗壮程度差异无统计学意义（t＝0.63，P>0.05）；男性股骨最大长变异范围在40.6~49.4 cm，在对比组中处于中等偏低水平；男性平均身高为166.22 cm，变异范围在164.47~167.68 cm。女性平均身高为158.06 cm，变异范围在154.02~160.34 cm；两性身高差异性显著（t＝4.96，P<0.01）；汪沟组两性差异性指数为5.7%。结论汪沟组男性肱骨、胫骨、股骨整体比女性强壮，男性上肢发育比女性强壮，下肢强壮程度的差异不大。我们推测汪沟组男性与女性生长过程中获得的营养相差不多。

关键词: 仰韶文化, 汪沟, 肢骨, 身高, 性别二态性, 测量, 人

Abstract:

Objective To research the physical development of ancient inhabitants in the Neolithic Age. Methods Referring to Anthropometric Method ,the main projects including humerus, tibia and femur of 108 human bone specimens unearthed from Wanggou site have been measured respectively. The limb bone index, sexual dimorphism and height have been compared and analyzed by Excel software. Results The overall development level of humerus and femur was higher than that of the control group in the same period and weaker than that of the Inner Mongolian group. The development of the middle femur was weaker than that of the control groups, with less muscle attachment. The difference in the brawniness of humerus between the genders was statistically significant (t=0.811, P>0.05), while the difference in the brawniness of femur was just the opposite (t=0.63, P>0.05). The maximum variation range of the male femur was 40.6 to 49.4 cm, which was at a moderate low level in the control group. The average height of male was 166.22 cm, ranging from 164.47-167.68 cm. The average height of female was 158.06 cm, ranging from 154.02-160.34 cm；There was a significant difference in height between the genders (t=4.96, P<0.01).The height of male is close to the south China group, lower than the comparison group in the same region and the north region, and that of female is at a higher level in the south region. The sexual dimorphism index of Wanggou formation was 5.7 %. Conclusion The humerus, tibia and femur of the male in Wanggou group are stronger than that of the female, while the upper limbs of the male were stronger than that of the female, and there was no significant difference in the strength of the lower limbs. We suggest that there is no significant difference in nutrition between male and female of Wanggou site during their growth.

Key words: Yangshao Culture, Wanggou site, Limb bone, Height, Sex dimorphism, Mesurement, Human

中图分类号:

R576

周亚威周贝顾万发. 汪沟遗址仰韶文化居民的肢骨特征[J]. 解剖学报, 2020, 51(1): 114-123.

ZHOU Ya-wei ZHOU Bei GU Wan-fa. Limb characteristics of Yangshao residents in Wanggou site in Zhengzhou[J]. Acta Anatomica Sinica, 2020, 51(1): 114-123.

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