Objective  To explore the characteristics and differences of the distribution of skeletal muscle content between the Han adult population in Tibet and Liaoning Han adult population.    Methods  Randomly selected healthy adults of Han worked in Tibet and Liaoning Han nationality as the research object, a total of 223 Han adults worked in Tibet (95 males,128 females); 302 adults of Han nationality in Liaoning (126 males,176 females) were selected by body composition analyzer. The body weight, total muscle mass, trunk muscle mass, left upper limb muscle mass, right upper limb muscle mass, left lower limb muscle mass, and right lower limb muscle mass of the subject were measured.All the result were input into SPSS 22.0 statistical analysis, and related statistical processing such as independent sample t test was applied.    Results  The body weight, trunk muscle mass, left upper limb muscle mass, right upper limb muscle mass, left lower limb muscle mass, and lower right muscle mass of the Tibetan Han population were lower than those of the Han adults in Liaoning, and the comparison result  was significantly different (P<0.01 or P<0.05), the Han adults in Liaoning and the Tibetan Han population， male muscle mass was greater than the female adults (P<0.01 or P<0.05).    Conclusion  After the Han people in Liaoning entered the Tibetan Plateau, the muscle mass of each part of the body decrease significantly. The change of human body composition can be affected by various factors such as gender and high altitude hypoxia environment.