Objective  To study the feasibility of neck circumference on the prediction of obesity by analyzing the relationship between the neck circumference and the obesity, and to provide the reference for the early prevention of obesity and related diseases.   Methods  A total of 1859 adults (911 males and 948 females) were selected from the four ethnic groups of Lingao, Li, Qiang and Baima as the subject of the study. The correlation between the neck circumference and body mass index（BMI）, percent body fat, visceral fat index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio and body adiposity index were analyzed by correlation analysis, u test and receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve analysis and Kappa consistency test.    Results  Neck circumference has significant positive correlations with several other obesity indicators. It has the least correlation with body adiposity index and waist hip ratio, and has greater correlation with waist circumference, visceral fat index, and percent body fat, and has the largest correlation with BMI. The average values of the neck circumference of the obesity group judged by different obesity indicators are larger than the normal group, and the difference is statistically significant. ROC curve analysis and Kappa consistency test show that the area under curve（AUC）of neck circumference and various obesity indicators are greater than 0.7, and the consistency of neck circumference, BMI and waist circumference is the best when judging obesity.    Conclusion  If the value of male neck circumference is greater than the critical cut point value 364.5, the female neck circumference value is greater than 319.5, which can be predicted that the BMI value is overweight or obese. When the neck circumference of male is greater than 370.5 and the neck circumference of female is greater than 319.5, it can be predicted that the waist circumference exceeds the standard, and the risk of central obesity increases.