解剖学报

解剖学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 87-90.doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2019.01.015

• 解剖学 • 上一篇    下一篇

冠状动脉的起源与意义

张铁山1 娄丽芳2 郑琳琳4 马忠良4 徐影4 王政4 徐高磊3* 张振华3*   

  1. 1.黄河科技学院医学院生理学药理学教研室; 2.郑州铁路职业技术学院药学院）3.郑州大学基础医学院人体解剖学系;4.郑州大学临床医学系，郑州，450052
  • 收稿日期:2018-06-05 修回日期:2018-09-07 出版日期:2019-02-06 发布日期:2019-04-18
  • 通讯作者: 徐高磊 E-mail:xumoze1986@163.com

Origin and significance of coronary artery

 ZHANG Tie-shan1 LOU Li-fang2 ZHENG Lin-lin4 MA Zhong-liang4 XU Ying4 WANG Zheng4 XU Gao-lei 3* ZHANG Zhen-hua3   

  1. 1.Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Yellow River Institute of Technology; 2.Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College of Medicine; 3.Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences; 4.Clinical Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
  • Received:2018-06-05 Revised:2018-09-07 Online:2019-02-06 Published:2019-04-18
  • Contact: XU Gao-lei E-mail:xumoze1986@163.com

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摘要：

目的 观察中国人冠状动脉开口的变异情况，为临床冠状血管造影和介入术提供解剖学参考。 方法 选择 55例保存完好的心脏标本，探查每例标本的主动脉窦，观察各个窦中冠状动脉开口的数目和位置，测量从窦底分别到瓣尖、冠状动脉开口以及窦管交界的高度，并对所得结果进行记录和分析。 结果 主动脉窦中冠状动脉开口总数为2～5个不等，多数情况下右冠状动脉开口于主动脉右窦，回旋支和左冠状动脉合并开口于主动脉左窦，肺动脉窦或主动脉后窦中未发现开口。大多数开口位于窦管交界以下（94.5%）和瓣尖上缘以上（80%），5例标本存在高位开口，即开口位置高于窦管交界。 结论 多数冠状动脉开口的位置在主动脉右窦和主动脉左窦内，瓣尖之上，窦管交界之下。一些变异比如多开口、纵向或环向的位置偏移及裂隙状开口会对解释图像带来困难，对临床进行血管造影、血管成形术、冠状动脉旁路移植术等操作造成不利影响。

关键词: 主动脉瓣尖, 主动脉窦, 冠状动脉开口, 窦管交界, 解剖学测量, 人

Abstract:

Objective To describe the normal and variant anatomy of the coronary artery ostia in Chinese subjects, and to provide data reference for coronary angiography and intervention. Methods Fifty-five heart specimens were dissected. The number of ostia and their positions within the respective sinuses were observed. Vertical and circumferential deviations of the ostia were observed. The heights of the cusps, the ostia and sinutubular ridge from the bottom of aortic sinus were measured and recorded, analyzed and reported the result . Results The number of openings in the aortic sinuses varied from 2-5 in the present series; multiple ostia were mostly seen in the anterior sinus. The majority of the ostia was below the sinutubular ridge (94.5%) and at or above the level of the cusps (80%). No openings were present in the pulmonary sinuses and posterior aortic sinus. There were high openings in 5 specimens, which were higher than the sinutubular junction. Conclusion Most of the coronary openings are located in the right aortic sinus or left aortic sinus, above the cusps and below sinutubular ridge. Some mutations, such as multiple openings, longitudinal or circumferential positional shifts, and slit-like openings can cause difficulties in interpreting images, and adversely affect clinical operations such as angiography, angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting.

Key words: Aortic cusp, Aortic sinus, Coronary ostium, Sinutubular ridge, Anatomical measurement, Human