Objective  To explore the relationship between the content of neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the changes of the corresponding receptors in myocardial tissue and the development of heart failure.   Methods  Doxorubicin was used to prepare rat heart failure models（10 rats）,control group (10 rats), Cardiac ultrasound testing evaluated its cardiac function, the distribution of nerve fibers was detected by nerve staining kit method, the tissue expression levels of NPY, CGRP, iNOS and neuropeptide Y receptor Y1 (NPY1R), receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), guanylate cyclase beta 1(GCYB1) were observed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining method . Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of NPY, CGRP, iNOS and NPY1R, RAMP1, GCYB1 receptors in myocardial tissue.   Results  Compared with the control group, the protein expression level and tissue expression distribution of CGRP in the myocardial tissue of the heart failure group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the density of nerve fibers,the protein expression level and tissue expression distribution of NPY and iNOS were significantly increased (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of GCYB1 and RAMP1 in myocardial tissue of the heart failure group were significantly increased, while the protein expression levels of NPY1R were significantly decreased (P<0.05).    Conclusion  Heart failure can lead to remodeling of the content and distribution of nerve fibers, CGRP, NPY, iNOS and their receptors in myocardial tissue, which may be one of the causes of cardiac innervation disorders.