Table of Content

2011, Volume 42 Issue 3
06 June 2011 Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
论著


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks

Toggle Thumbnails

论著

Select

Ciliary neurotrophic factor regulates genes expression involved in dedifferentiation of glial cells in injured optic nerves of rats 2011, 42 (3):  289-295.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.001 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the mechanism underlying ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) involved in dedifferentiation of glial cells in injured optic nerves. Methods Sixty-five adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group, optic nerve injured group and CNTF treat group. Optic nerves were harvested at the 7th or the 14th day after surgery and detected by gene chip, real-time PCR, HE staining and immunohistochemistry. Results Comparison with those of injury group, there were 608 genes expression up-regulated and 417 ones downregulated in the CNTF　treated group at the 7th day after operation, including genes related to chromatin configuration, transcription regulation, neural stem cells, neural differentiation and development, proliferation, apoptosis, ion channel, receptor, signal transduction and so on. Result of real-time PCR for selected genes was consistent with that of gene chip, supporting the validity of gene chip data. We also found that cells revealed by HE staining and immunoreactivity of Nestin, myelin basic protein (MBP), Erk1/2, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were increased in the distal optic nerves, but immunoreactivity of neurofilament (NF) was increased in the proximal optic nerves in the CNTF-treated group compared with the optic nerve injured group. Conclusion CNTF induces dedifferentiation of glia cells in the injured optic nerves and promotes regeneration of injured optic nerves through regulating the expression of related genes and proteins. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Selective injury of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra induced by brain inflammation in rats 2011, 42 (3):  296-299.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.002 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the selective injury of inflammation on dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in rat brain. Methods Ten healthy male SD rats were randomly assigned into 25μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected (experimental) group and the salineinjected (control) group. Either LPS or saline was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle on the right side. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to observe either the activity of microglia or neuronal loss in different neurons of the brain, including dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). The cholinergic neurons in the basal nucleus of Meynert (BN) were shown by enzyme histochemistry. Results The immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that considerable microglia were activated in almost whole brain, especially in the striatum, hippocampus, SN and DRN. The staining for three different types of neurons indicated that the number of dopaminergic neurons in the SN in the experimental group decreased 40.1% (EM>P/EM><0.01), compared with that in the control group, and no such significant changes were seen in cholinergic neurons in the BN and serotonergic neurons in the DRN. Conclusion Intracerebroventricular administration of LPS can induce an inflammation in the brain and which can induce a selective injury of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Compound Ruikangxin can reverse the structural plasticity of synapses in hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens in morphine withdrawal rats 2011, 42 (3):  300-306.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.003 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe effects on both anxiety-like behaviors and structural plasticity of hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens in morphine withdrawal rats administrated with collocystis of compound Ruikangxin (CR). Methods SD rats, 84 in all, were randomly divided into control group, model group, CR groups involving high, middle and low dosages, and buspirone group. Gradually increasing dosages were applied to establish the model of morphine dependence in rats suffered from drugs (subcutaneous injection) for 10 days and followed by collocystis of CR (300, 200, and 100 mg/kg, intragastric administration) for 1-3 days. The elevated plus-maze tests were applied to validate the anxiety-like behavior in rats. Samples of hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens (EM>n/EM> = 6) were harvested and further observed after preparation for electron microscope sample. Stereological methods and changeable parameters were applied to ensure accurate and unbiased comparisons of numerical density (Nv), surface density (Sv) and average area of synaptic surface (S) in those samples. Results Compared with model group, higher percentage values of open arm entries and time spent in the open arms were observed in CR groups (300 and 200 mg/kg) (SUP>P/SUP><0.01, EM>P/EM><0.05). Lower scores of Nv and Sv in hippocampus and amygdala (EM>P/EM><0.01) and higher values of S (EM>P/EM><0.01 or EM>P/EM><0.05) were observed in those cured groups. Moreover, lower values of Nv in nucleus accumbens were detected (EM>P/EM><0.01) in the CR groups. Lower values of width of synaptic cleft, thickness of post synaptic density, length of active zones and curvature of synaptic interface were observed in CR (300 and 200 mg/kg) groups (SUP>P/SUP><0.01 orEM> P/EM><0.05). Conclusion Obviously, collocystis of CR was capability of reversing the anxiety-like behavior in rats by rehabilitating structural plasticity of hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens, which could be the cell biological mechanism of anxious symptom. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of X-ray on the structure of cerebral temporal lobe cortex and activity of acetylcholinesterase and expresion of Bax and epidermal growth factor of filial mice 2011, 42 (3):  307-313.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.004 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate effects of X-ray on the structure of cerebral temporal lobe cortex and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of the brain and expression of Bax protein and epidermal growth factor (EGF) of cerebral temporal lobe cortex in filial mice． Methods One hundred and sixty filial mice were irradiated with different dosages (0Gy，1Gy，3Gy，5Gy，7Gy) of X-ray．The AChE activity was detected by colorimetry, expression of Bax protein and EGF of cerebral temporal lobe cortex were measured by immunohistochemistry，and the changes of cerebral temporal lobe cortex were observed by biomicroscopy． Results X-ray affected the development of cerebrum of filial mice． The number of Bax protein immunopositive cells in 1Gy group was lower and that of EGF was higher than that of the control group at the 5th-20th day after irradiation(EM>P/EM>>0.05)， whereas AChE activity was higher than that of the control group(EM>P/EM><0.05)． The number of EGF immunopositive cells and AChE activity in 3Gy group firstly decreased and then increased(EM>P/EM><0.05)，whereas that of Bax protein firstly increased then decreased (P<0.05)．The expression of Bax protein and EGF was strongly positive in 5Gy and 7Gy groups，and the number of their positive cells was higher and AChE activity was lower than that of the control group(EM>P/EM><0.01)．The thickness of temporal lobe cortex decreased and their structure was not clear．Compared with the control group，cell den Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of endothelial lipase in rat traumatic brain injuried 2011, 42 (3):  314-317.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.005 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the expression of Endothelial Lipase (EL) in rat brains after being injuried. Methods Forty healthy adult SD rats were used, thirty one rats were successfully prepared as traumatic brain injury (TBI) model. The expression of EL was tested by Western blotting at various time points after injury. Double immunofluorescent staining was used to observe the cell distribution of EL as well as changes in expression levels after injury. Results Western blotting data showed that EL proteins in lesion site increased gradually and reached a peak on the 3rd day post injury, and it decreased to the lowest level until 2 weeks after the injury. EL was localized in neurons as shown by co-localization with neuronal nuclei (NeuN). Intensity of immunofluorescence was weak in intact brain but greatly enhanced on the 3rd day after the injury. In addition, temporal expression pattern of Caspase-3, a key protein involved in apoptosis, was similar to that of EL, and expression of Bcl-2, which is involved in anti-apoptosis was also temporally regulated. Conclusion The brain injury results in up-regulation of EL expression in traumatic brain sites suggesting that it may participate in brain injury-induced apoptosis as well as neuronal regeneration processes. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of transcription factor Sp8 in the neuroblasts derived from the adult rat subventricular zone 2011, 42 (3):  318-322.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.006 Abstract ( )   Objective Investigating the expression of transcription factor specificity proteins 8 (Sp8) in the neuroblasts produced by the neural stem cells in adult rat subventricular zone. Methods Four adult rats were killed through intracardiac perfusion to get the brain samples, and immunofluorescence staining and laser confocal microscope scanning were performed to observe the expression of transcription factor Sp8 in the neuroblasts produced by the neural stem cells in the subventricular zone. Results There were a large number of neuroblasts derived from the neural stem cells in the entire subventricular zone，from rostral to caudal regions. The dorsal-lateral region gave rise to most of the neuroblasts, and these neuroblasts usually distributed intensively as a chain. Compared　to the caudal regions, the rostral regions generated more neuroblasts and the vast majority of them expressed the　transcription factor Sp8. Conclusion Transcription factor Sp8 is expressed widely in the subventricular zone and might participate in the generation of neuroblasts and inte Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Response of neuron-astrocytic complex to acute hypertonic stimulus in the supraoptic nucleus and nucleus of solitary tract in rats 2011, 42 (3):  323-327.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.007 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the response of neuron-astrocytic complex (N-ASC) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and solitary tracto nucleus (NTS) to hypertonic stimuli (9%NaCl, 5.5ml/kg) injecting into the trail vein of rats. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups and were used for light microscopy(EM>n/EM>=40) or electromicroscopy (EM>n/EM>=10) study respectively. This research contained two parts. The first part, we used double immunohistochemistry to examine the spatial relationship among glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, expressed in astrocytes), Fos (label activated neurons) and oxytocin (OXT, expressed in SON neurons) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, expressed in NTS neurons) positive cellular structures at 15, 45, 90 and 180 minutes after stimulation. In the second part, we obserberd the spatial arrangement between connexin 43 (Cx43) and connexin 32 (Cx32)immunopositive elements at ultracellular level in SON; samples were prepared 90 minutes after stimulus. Results Three types N-ASC were observed in SON and NTS: The first type was seen between GFAP positive astrocytes and OXT or TH positive neurons, but these neurons were Fos negative. The second type was located between GFAP positive astrocytes and Fos positive neuronal nucelei, however these neuronal perikarya was OXT or TH negative. The third type exhibited triple labeled feature, i.e. GFAP positive astrocytes, Fos positive neuronal nucelei and OXT or TH positive neuronal perikarya. The number of N-ASC increased significantly after hyperosmotic stimuli. Two types of untrastructures between astrocytes and neurons of N-ASC within SON were observed. One type was Cx43 hemichannels (Cx43 positive astrocytic processes), another was the heterotypic gap junctions (HGJ), which consisted of Cx43 positive astrocytic processes and Cx32 positive dendrites. The number of Cx43 hemichannels and HGJ increased significantly after hypertonic stimulus. Conclusion N-ASC in SON and NTS, as a functional unit, might be involved in modulating osmotic pressure. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of midazolam on Tau hyperphosphorylation and apoptosis proteins in cultured PC12 cell after Aβ SUB>25-35/SUB>　induction 2011, 42 (3):  334-339.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.009 Abstract ( )   Objective Midazolam is one of the most commonly used anesthetics in operating room and intensive care unit. However, the effects of midazolam on AD neuropathogenesis have not been well determined. Here, we set out to assess the effects of midazolam on Tau hyperphosphorylation and expression of apoptosis protein in beta-amyloid peptideSUB>25-35/SUB>(AβSUB> 25-35/SUB>) treated PC12 cells. Methods The pheochromocytoma cells(PC12) were randomly allocated into four groups: control group(C); 10 μmol/L Aβ SUB>25-35/SUB> (A); 20μmol/L midazolam (M); Aβ SUB>25-35/SUB> and midazolam (MA), above all groups were incubated for 6 hours. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay，Western blotting and immunocytochemical stain were performed to observe the protein expression of Bcl-2 family and Tau phosphorylation at different sites. Results Incubating PC12 cells with midazolam at different concentration with Aβ SUB>25-35/SUB> can decrease the number of living cells in a dose-dependent way. The level of Tau protein phosphorylation in the sites of Ser396 and Ser404 increased in MA group compared with A group (EM>P/EM><0.05)，and the Bax level of MA group significantly higher than A grou Related Articles | Metrics

Select

IF203 induced apoptosis in human liver HepG2 cells through mitochondrial pathway 2011, 42 (3):  340-344.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.010 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the involvement of mitochondrial pathway in IF203 induced apoptosis in human liver HepG2 cells. Methods HepG2 cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 ℃ in a humidified atmosphere with 5% COSUB>2/SUB>Inverted phase contrast microscope was used to detect the morphologic changes; Acid phosphatase assay(APA), flow cytometry（FCM）and Western blotting were used to detect the changes of cell viability, apoptosis ratio, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, the expressions of apoptosis-related protein Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and cytochrome C. Results Cell growth was inhibited after HepG2 cells were co-cultured with different concentration of IF203 for 24 hours and 48 hours. HepG2 cells showed round and shrank after they were co-cultured with IF203 of 10 mg/L. Apoptosis ratios caused by IF203 were increased. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of mitochondrial transmembrane potentials in HepG2 cells decreased. The expressions of apoptosis-related protein Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 decreased, but the cytochrome C expression increased. Conclusion IF203 could significantly restrain cell growth of liver cancer cell line HepG2- IF203 can activate mitochondrial signaling pathway which would induce apoptosis, b Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of immunosuppressive drugs on phenotypes and function of differentiated macrophages 2011, 42 (3):  345-349.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.011 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effects of three immunospressive drugs rapamycin (rapa) and cyclosporin A (CsA) and paclitaxel on the phenotypes and functions of macrophages differentiated from bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPCs). BR> Methods BMPCs were prepared by aseptic technique from 60 C57BL/6 mice killed by cervical dislocation and 〖WTBX〗in vitro cultured in media containing rapa (100μmol/L), CsA (1mg/L) and paclitaxel（20μg/L）respectively together with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Phenotypes and functions of differentiated macrophages were analyzed by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and flow cytometry (FCM). Results There were significantly decreased expressions of surface molecule CD80 and CD54 in differentated macrophages treated with rapa, and a significant decrease expression in CD80, CD40 and I-ASUP>d/SUP> of macrophages treated with CsA. The expressions of CD80, CD86 and CD14 were of significant increase and a significantly decreased I-ASUP>d/SUP> expression in differentated macrophages treated with paclitaxel.Compared with control group, there was a decaese in phagocytic and antigen presenting ability of induced macrophages treated with CsA and rapa, however, macrophages treated with paciltaxel showed significantly strong phagocytosis and section IL-12, as well as significantly reduced DTH reaction.Conclusion The experimental results indicate that three immunosuppressive drugs may affect phenot Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Napsin A transfection interferes the ephethlial-mesenchymal transition of A549 cells 2011, 42 (3):  350-355.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.012 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the effect and mechanism of Napsin A gene transfection into A549 cells on ephethlial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) EM>in vitro/EM> . Methods A recombinant lentiviral plasmid PLJM1-Napsin A was constructed， then transfected into A549 cell and identified. A549 cells EMT model was established by transforming growth factor beta-1（TGF-β1）treatment in vitro . The morphology change was observed under inverted microscopy successively. To observe the degree of EMT by TGF-β1 intervening A549 cells, the expression of E-cadherin and collagen type Ⅰ was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）and Western blotting. Finally, in order to investigate the mechanism, the protein expression of focal adhesion kinase(FAK) was detected by Western blotting. Results The result of sequencing the recombinant lentiviral plasmid PLJM1Napsin A was predicted as designed. The expression of Napsin A protein in transgenic A549 cells was more than that in A549 cells and A549-PLJM1 cells（EM>P/EM>0.01）. After TGF-β1 treatment, the cells changed from epithelial-shaped into interstitial-shaped; TGF-β1 induced EMT in A549 cells, as demonstrated by significant reduction of E-cadherin mRNA and protein levels（EM>P/EM>0.01） as well as up-regulation of collagen type Ⅰ（EM>P/EM>0.01）. Transfection of Napsin A in A549 cells could not only restrain the TGF-β1-induced morphological changes, but Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Homocysteine-induced oxidant injury of human osteosarcoma MG63 cells and its mechanisms 2011, 42 (3):  356-360.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.013 Abstract ( )   Objective The present study is designed to examine the responses of human osteosarcoma MG63 cells to hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy) and the possible mechanisms. Methods MG63 cells were cultured in DMEM contain 10% fetal bovine serum at 37℃ with a humidified atmosphere 5%COSUB>2/SUB>.They were treated in different concentration and different time by HHcy. MG63 cells were used as EM>in vitro/EM> model to assess the cell intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that was evaluated by the fluorescence probe 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA). The cell apoptosis was observed by means of Hoechst/PI nuclear staining and fluorescence microscopy. The expressions of apoptosis-related protein Caspase-3 and Bax were analyzed with Western blotting. Results After MG63 cells were treated with HHcy in different concentrations and for different time. HHcy induced the cell death through accumulation of intracellular ROS in a dose-and time-dependent manner, at the same time activation of Caspase-3 and upregulation of Bax apoptosis-related protein. Conclusion HHcy exerts apoptosis-inducing effects on human osteosarcoma MG63 cells through accumulation of intracellular ROS and activati Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of atorvastatin on airway remodeling and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma expression and its mechanism in asthmatic rats 2011, 42 (3):  361-366.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.014 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of hydroxyl-methylglutaryl-CoA(HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor,atorvastatin,on airway remodeling in asthmatic rats. Methods The male Sprague-Dawly rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 20 rats in each group:the control group，the model group,the dexamethasone treated group and the atorvastatin treatment group.The asthmatic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection and repeated inhalation of 10g/L ovalbumin.The changes of collagen typeⅢ,peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma(PPAR-γ),the nurmber of nuclear factor-κβ-positive cells,inflammatory cells in the airway wall,were detected by immunohistochemical and pathological methods;the internal perimeter of bronchi(Pi),the area of bronchial smooth muscle(WAm) and bronchus wall were measured by the computerized image analysis system. Results 1. The numbers of eosinophils, lymphocytes, nuclear factor-κβ-positive cells,the contents of collagen typeⅢwere lower and the expression of PPAR-γ was higher in atorvastatin group than that of the model group，the difference being significant(all EM>P/EM><0.05); compared with dexamethasone no statistically significant(EM>P/EM>>0.05); The WAm/Pi, bronchu smooth muscle area／Pi, N／Pi in atorvastatin group were lower than that of the model group，the difference was significant(all EM>P/EM><0.05).The negative correlation was found between expression of PPAR-γ and the nurmber of nuclear factor-κβ-positive cell (rs=-0.530,EM>P/EM><0.05).Conclusion Atorvastatin can promo Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Cardiomyocyte differentiation from P19 cells transfected with pEGFP-N2-BMP2 2011, 42 (3):  367-373.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.015 Abstract ( )   Objective To identify occurrence of cardiomyocyte differentiation from P19 cells transfected with pEGFP-N2-BMP2 eukaryotic expression plasmid. Methods P19 cells were divided into transfected and non-transfected groups.In the transfected group,the cells with stably expressed of BMP2 as being transfected with pEGFP-N2-BMP2 eukaryotic expression plasmid and then were cultured in suspension. For 4 days, and the formed aggregates were transferred to Petri dish for adherent culture.On days 4, 8, 12, and 16 of the adherent culture, the expressions of cardiac troponin T（cTnT）and α-cardiac actin were detected with immunocytochemistry and Western blotting,while the gene expression of GATA-4 and NKx2-5 was detected with semiquantitative RT-PCR. Results In the transfected group, no expression of cTnT and α-cardiac actin was found on day 4, and the expression of these 2 proteins existed on days 8, 12, and 16 by both immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. The expression of two proteins was gradually increased with the prolong of time. There was a obvious difference between every two different drawing materials time point(EM>P/EM>0.01). The expression of GATA-4 and NKx2-5 was appeared with a weak expression at 4 days after transfection, as time went by, at 8 days, 12 days and 16 days after transfection, the expression of two gene intensified gradually. Also,the expression of two genes at every two different drawing materials time point had a significantly difference (EM>P/EM>0.01). In the non-transfected group, neither the protein expression of cTnT and α-cardiac actin nor the gene expression of GATA-4 and NKx2-5 was found. Conclusion Stable expression of BMP2 gene can induce cardiomyocyte differentiation from P19 cells. Possibly, BMP2 regulates the transcrip Related Articles | Metrics

Select

5-fluorouracil induced autophagy in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells 2011, 42 (3):  374-377.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.016 Abstract ( )   Objective To study if 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) can induce human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells’ autophagy in order to provide theoretical basis for the tolerance of the chemotherapeutics. Methods Autophagic vacuole’s change was observed with acridine orange (AO) staining under fluorescent microscope and transmission election microscope(TEM); LC3-Ⅱ expression was tested with cellular immunochemistry; Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and AO staining with laser scanning confocal microscopy detection; Production of apoptosis’ laddershaped stripe was tested with DNA cataphoresis. Results After being treated with 5-fluorouracil, the cells cytoplasm appeared to have apparent autophagic vacuoles when observed with AO staining and TEM observations; The cells showed that LC3-Ⅱexpression was apparently increased and 3-MA significantly inhibited the increase of LC3-Ⅱ when observed with cellular immunochemistry; The cell apoptosis did not occur when tested by flow cytometry, AO staining and DNA ladder. Conclusion Low concentration（5μmol/L） of 5-fluorouracil can Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor，Eph receptor A2, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in ovarian carcinoma vasculogenic mimicry 2011, 42 (3):  378-383.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.017 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Eph receptor A2(EphA2), matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in ovarian carcinoma vasculogenic mimicry(VM). Methods Totally 84 ovarian carcinoma specimens with complete clinical and prognostic data were collected, and using CD31 and PAS double staining to confirm if vasculogenic mimicry exists in the ovarian carcinoma specimens. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect VEGF, EphA2, MMP-2 and MMP-9, examining the results of the immunohistochemical method according to the dye index. Results VEGF, EphA2 and MMP-9 in ovarian carcinoma specimens had significant differences between the VM group (36/84) and non-VM group (48/84), the expression in the VM group showed significantly higher than that in non-VM group. But the expression of MMP-2 between the two groups was not statistically significant. BR> Conclusion Vasculogenic mimicry and endothelium-derived angiogenesis are co-existed in ovarian carcinoma, VEGF, EphA2 and MMP-9 play important roles in vasculogenic mimicry. Detecting VEGF, EphA2 and MMP-9 can be used to evaluate the prognosis of ovarian carainoma. BR> Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Differential expression and distribution of the catalytic subunit C for protein phosphatase-2A in the different organs of mouse 2011, 42 (3):  384-388.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.018 Abstract ( )   Objective Protein serine/threonine phosphatase-2A (PP-2A) is one of the most important phosphatases in eukaryotes. To lay down a basis for exploring its physiological functions in mammals, we have analyzed the expression patterns and distribution of the catalytic subunits for PP-2A in the different organs of 6 adult mice. Methods RT-PCR，Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence histochemistry were used to establish the expression patterns and distribution in various tissues of the adult mouse. Results RT-PCR revealed that the PP-2Ac mRNAs were expressed at the highest levels in the brain, at reduced levels in the ovary, at much reduced levels in the muscle, kidney, spleen, heart, liver, lung and breast, at the lowest levels in the stomach. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the highest protein expression level of the PP-2Ac proteins was also detected in the brain. A reduced level of this protein was found in the ovary, spleen, heart, liver and lung. A much reduced PP-2Ac protein expression level was detected in the muscle, kidney and breast. And the lowest expression level of PP-2Ac was detected in the stomach.Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the specificity of PP-2Ac distribution at both cellular levels and tissue levels. Conclusion Our results suggest that PP-2A is one of the most important protein phosphatases in mammalians. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Morphology of principle cells and expression of aquaporin-2,-3 in collecting duct during mouse kidney development 2011, 42 (3):  389-393.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.019 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the morphological changes of principle cells and the expressions of aquaporin（AQP）-2 and AQP-3 in collecting duct during mouse kidney development, so to investigate their relationships and effects. Methods Transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and stereological methods were used to detect the expressions of AQP-2, AQP-3 and principle cells in mouse kidney of embryonic day 16, 18 and postnatal day 1,3,7,14 and 21. Results The collecting duct principle cells occurred at embryonic day 18. Morphological structures of principle cells were well-developed during postnatal day 7 to 21. AQP-2 was apparently noticed on the apical plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm of principle cells. The expression of AQP-2 increased at postnatal day 1, and reached peak level at postnatal day 21. AQP-3 was expressed on the basolateral membrane of principle cells. The expressions of AQP-3 increased gradually and reached peak level at postnatal day 1. Conclusion AQP-2 and AQP-3 are very important for balance of water during development and maturation in mouse ki Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of Heshouwuyin on the expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase protein in testis tissue of overtrained rats 2011, 42 (3):  394-398.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.020 Abstract ( )   Objective To explore the effect of Heshouwuyin(HSWY) on the expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) protein in testis tissue of overtrained rats. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomized into 5 groups, including normal control group(A group), HSWY administered normal group(B group), model control group(C group), HSWY treated group (D group), HSWY beforehand-prevented group (E group), 6 animals in each group. The model of C, D and E group were made by overtraining, the D group was treated with HSWY by intragastric administration for 60 days after the success of model［20g/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d) including crude drug 9.6kg/L］, and the E group was prevented by administering HSWY before overtraining［20g/(kgI>&#/I>8226;d) including crude drug 96kg/L］. The density of testosterone was detected by radio-immunity, the expression of 3β-HSD was measured by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and RT-PCR. Results Compared with C group, 3β-HSD protein was expressed in plasmid of leydig cells, and the expressions of 3β-HSD and 3β-HSD mRNA in D group and E group were increased(EM>P/EM>0.05) with no differenc Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Microstructure observation of cellular condensations in calcium nodules 2011, 42 (3):  399-402.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.021 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the morphological changes of cellular condensations from marrow stromal cells in calcium nodules, and to provide experimental data for further studying bone regeneration. Methods Rabbit marrow stromal cells were isolated through whole marrow culture method and amplified in flasks, using the osteoblast inducing conditional media served as the culture media. Morphological changes of cellular condensations in minerized nodules were investigated by tetracycline labelling, alkaline phosphatase staining（ALP）, alizarin red S staining（ARS）, scanning electron microscope（SEM）and transmission electron microscope（TEM）. Results Calcium nodules with cellular condensations revealed bright golden yellow fluorescence under fluorescence microscope when labelled with tetracycline. Histochemical study with ARS and ALP staining showed positive calcium reaction and positive alkaline phosphatase reaction compared with pheripheral spreading cells, respectively. Under SEM, condensed cells with spheral shape secreted abundant granules heaped up in the cell body. Rich matrix vesicles could be seen under TEM. Conc Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Size variation of mental foramen and mandibular foramen from Neolithic to present in adult men 2011, 42 (3):  403-405.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.022 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the size variation of Holocene Chinese mental foramen and mandibular foramen. Methods Measurements was conducted on Neolithic (n=54), Bronze-Iron Age (EM>n/EM>=186) and present (EM>n/EM>=92) adult male mandibles (EM>n/EM>=332) from Northern China, and data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0. Results The sizes of mental foramen and mandibular foramen in present mandilbes are bigger than that in Neolithic and Bronze-Iron Age. Conclusion The result indicates that the sizes of mental foramen and mandibular foramen become bigger in general from Neolithic to present day. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Somatotype of rural adults of Han in Liaoning province with Heath-Carter method 2011, 42 (3):  406-409.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.023 Abstract ( )   Objective To understand the somatotype of rural Liaoning adults of Han nationality. Methods Heath-Carter shape was performed on 978 (men 488 and women 490) Liaoning rural adult body shape analysis. Results Liaoning rural average-sized adult male is 4.5-4.7-1.4, it belongs to endodermal-mesoderm and balanced body, women average-size is 6.0-4.3-0.9, it is of endodermal figure. Liaoning rural Han adult body: gender differences in female-dominated, in factor value, the value of external factor is greater than the female, the male males than females external factor is high, low, and therefore within the factor male body with a high degree of relative slip, is relatively thin, women of subcutaneous fat more developed, buxom. Liaoning rural adult body and other Han group comparison: Liaoning rural males figure and Ewenki, Hui, Mexico and the United States have very different Eskimos, the distinctiveness a nd the United States Northeast and Midwest crowd close, female and Hui and Mexicans have very significant differences, and India, and Mongolia. Conclusion Liaoning rural Chinese adults have a thick subcutaneous fat. The bone, muscle system are more developed with the medium linearity. While female subcutaneous fat is more developed, and buxom. Male bones and muscles are in good shape and slender slightly. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comparative study on the stability of reconstructing the calcaneus defect with the Ⅱ-shaped and Ⅴ-shaped fibula flap in the initial stage 2011, 42 (3):  410-414.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.024 Abstract ( )   Objective To compare the clinic effect of reconstructing the calcaneus defect with the Ⅱ-shaped and V-shaped fibula flap. Methods First by establishing the simplified model of theⅡ-shaped and V-shaped fibula flap, simulating the reconstruction of the heel defect, than we compared the stability as the index of evaluating the functions by structural mechanics. Results Theoretical data were gained based on the simplified model. Theoretical calculation indicated that the stability of Ⅱ-shaped had an obvious advantage than V-shaped. After reconstructing with two methods, both fibular flaps have been modified as calcaneus to satisfy the new circumstance. Conclusion Considering the fact that the defect of heel needs restoration for mechanics and clinic, the Ⅱ-shaped fibula flap is supe Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Anatomy of extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the suprasellar region and the third ventricle 2011, 42 (3):  415-420.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.025 Abstract ( )   Objective To investigate the anatomic characteristics of extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the suprasellar region and the third ventricle, which include searching respective anatomic landmarks in different steps and finding different routes from the suprasellar region into the third ventricle. Methods Four formalin-fixed and one fresh adult cadaver heads were dissected using an extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to expose the suprasellar region, followed by entering into the third ventricle through infrachiasmatic and suprachasmatic region respectively. The observing was completed with 0-degree lens and 30-degree lens. Anatomic measurements were obtained. Results The anatomic landmarks were choana and sphenoid ostium in the nasal step, optic protuberance, medial and lateral opticocarotid recess, carotid protuberance, sellar floor, tuberculum sellae, planum sphenoidale, clival recess in the sphenoid sinus step, lamina terminalis and tuber cinereum in the intradural step. The numbers of the sphenoid septations were ranged from 1 to 4. There were 2 sphenoid septations inserted at the carotid protuberance in 4 cadavers. The distance between the choana and sphenoid ostium was (12.1±2.3)mm (9.9-15.0mm) in the left nasal cavity and (13.3±2.6) mm (9.6-16.8mm) in the right nasal cavity；The distance between the bilateral medial opticocarotid recess was (9.5±3.0)mm (5.5-13.8mm)；The distance between the bilateral lateral opticocarotid recess was (14.8±3.7)mm (9.2-19.2mm)；The distance between the carotid protuberance was (16.0±3.1)mm (11.3-18.8mm). Infrachiasmatic region and suprachiasmatic region were both fully exposed. After opening the tuber cinereum via the infrachiasmatic region, the roof, posterior wall and floor of the third ventricle were exposed. The third ventricle can also be exposed by opening the lamina terminalis via the suprachiasmatic region. The lamina terminalis approach was better in exposing the floor of the third ventricle, while the tuber cinereum approach was better in exposing the roof. The 30-degree lens supplemented the view of 0-degree lens. Conclusion The extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach is feasible to expose the suprasellar region and enter into the third ventricle through two corridors, which is a safe route to remove lesions in this areas. The anatomic landmarks in differen Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Three-dimensional reconstruction of rat small intestine 2011, 42 (3):  421-424.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.026 Abstract ( )   Objective To observe the three-dimensional morphological characteristics and spatial relationship between the components of rat small intestine based on three different observations: intestinal wall，microvillus and enteraden. Methods A normal SD rat, take the small intestine to produce paraffin specimens. After the processes of serial section and HE staining, digitalized images were carried out in different objective rates. After the processes of assembling,preprocessing,alignment,partition and three-dimensional reconstruction, the spatial relationship between each structure was observed and morphological indexes were measured. Results The three-dimensional configuration and the spatial position of intestinal wall and its internal structures (arteriovenous, lymphatic, microvillus, enteraden, etc) could be displaied intuitirely. Based on the reconstructed image results, some morphological features were measured, which were microvillus density and average height, intestinal density and volume. Conclusion Small intestine submucosa and internal microvillus have abundant vascular nets and lymphatic pipelines, their arrangements are closely related to absorb and immune function of small intestine. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Three-dimensional reconstruction of mini-pig skin microvasculars in meridlans 2011, 42 (3):  425-428.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.027 Abstract ( )   Objective To make threedimensional picture reconstruction of microvasculars in bladder meridian of hindlimb area by using serial skin tissue sections of bladder meridian of hindlimb in mini-pig and the tool software. Methods Three-month-old mini-pig of China Agricultural University Ⅲ series, positioning the bladder meriadian. To obtain the skin tissue sanples with the volume of 1.2cm×0.5cm×0.5cm between the third lumbar and sacrum, which was marked with meridian line in the center. Then cutting a “V”type groove as alignment mark at the juncture of dermis reticular layer and subcutaneous tissue under the meridian line of sample (1mm distance to epidermis) by using scalpel. Vertical-sectional serial sections of skin (10μm thick) were made, 500 tussise sections were collected from every other piece of tussise sections, then the microvasculars were stained by the means of immunohistochemistry. Two-dimensional pictures were collected with microscrope by the direction of positioning mark, then three-dimensional pictures were constructed. Results The constructed microvasculars in bladder meridian of hindlimb area were tridimensional observed with naked eye. The three dimensional picture could be splitted optional and showed the construction of microvasculars in different directions. Conclusion The microvasculars in bladder meridian of hindlimb area can be reconstructed and observed from any angle by using the method of serial skin tissue sections and microvascular staining by immunohistoc Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Image anatomy of insula in human brain 2011, 42 (3):  429-431.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.03.028 Abstract ( )   Objective To study the anatomy characteristics of the insula,to provide precise date for anatomy of the insula. Methods Selecting 200(400 cerebral hemispheres) normal Chinese Han adults,they were divided into five groups,each guoup included 40 persons,harf male and harf female.They were scanned with 1.5 Tesla MR Scanner. The anatomy value of insula was outlined manually in Aquariusws software, and it was be calculated automaticlly. Results The average date of left and right anterior periinsular sulcus were (24.1±3.4)mm, (25.4±4.3)mm；The average date of left and right inferior periinsular sulcus were(44.5±3.5)mm, (45.0±3.2)mm；The average date of left and right superior periinsular sulcus were(62.4±7.3)mm、(63.1±7.2)mm；The average date of left and right central insular sulcus were (29.9±3.3)mm, (30.9±3.3)mm；The average date of left and right anterior insular point-frontal pole were (37.4±3.1)mm, (38.0±3.0)mm；The average date of left and right posterior insular point-occipital were (68.4±4.4)mm, (67.8±4.7)mm；The average date of left and right Related Articles | Metrics