解剖学报

解剖学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1 ): 124-132.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2013.01.025

• 人类学 • 上一篇    下一篇

汉族江淮方言族群的体质特征

宇克莉,郑连斌*,赵大鹏,王志博,王杨,荣文国,张晓瑞,薛虹    

  1. 天津师范大学生命科学学院，天津市动植物抗性重点实验室，天津 300387
  • 收稿日期:2012-01-13 修回日期:2012-03-06 出版日期:2013-02-06 发布日期:2013-02-06
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金重点资助项目

Physical characteristics of the Han ethnic groups of Jianghuai dialect

YU Ke-li,ZHENG Lian-bin*,ZHAO Da-peng,WANG Zhi-bo,WANG Yang,RONG Wen-guo,ZHANG Xiao-rui,XUE Hong    

  1. College of Life Sciences,Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin 300387, China
  • Received:2012-01-13 Revised:2012-03-06 Online:2013-02-06 Published:2013-02-06

摘要：

目的 探讨江苏江淮方言族群城市、乡村汉族人的体质特征。方法 按照Martin、《人体测量方法》和《人体测量手册》规定的方法，在江苏省淮安市、郊调查了370例男性（城市男性157例，乡村男性213例）和362例女性（城市女性154例，乡村女性208例）成人的86项体质指标，计算了26项体质指数，统计了指数分型情况，与我国族群资料进行了比较，对江苏汉族江淮方言族群体质特征进行了初步分析。结果1.江苏汉族江淮方言族群男女均表现为上眼睑皱褶率高，有蒙古褶率低；眼裂高度多为中等型；眼外角高型者居多；鼻根高度多为中等型；鼻梁侧面观多为直型；鼻基部多为上翘；颧骨多不突出；鼻翼高度多为中等；鼻孔最大径多为斜位；耳垂三角形率与圆形率接近；上唇皮肤部高度多为中等型；红唇厚度以薄型率为主；发色几乎均为黑色；眼色多为褐色；肤色以黄色为主。鼻翼宽度男性多为宽阔型，女性多为中等型。2.按头面部、体部指数均数，江苏汉族江淮方言族群男女均为圆头型、高头型、中头型、中鼻型、长躯干型、亚短腿型、宽胸型。此外男性为阔面型、宽肩型、宽骨盆型，女性为中面型、中肩型、中骨盆型。3.江苏汉族江淮方言族群城市与乡村男女均为超中等身材。结论1.江苏汉族江淮方言族群男性主要表现为城市围度和皮褶厚度大于农村，而女性则结果相反。2.头面部、体部主要指标、指数，江苏汉族江淮方言族群更接近于北亚类型族群，但也具有一些南亚类型族群的特征。

关键词: 江淮方言, 体质, 活体观察, 活体测量, 汉族

Abstract:

Objective of the Han ethnic groups of Jianghuai Dialect on urban and rural adults. Methods In accordance with the methods of Martin, Anthropometric Methods and Anthropomorphic Handbook, 86 physical characteristics of 370 males (157 urban males and 213 rural males) and 362 females (154 urban females and 208 rural females)of Han were investigated in Huaian county of Jiangsu province.Twenty-six physical indices were calculated and their distributions were analyzd. The physical characteristics of the Han ethnic groups of Jianghuai Dialect were preliminarily analyzed. Results 1.The percentages of eyefold of the upper eyelid were higher. The percentages of mongoloid fold were lower. The opening height of eyeslits was middle. External angles were higher than internal angles in direction of eyeslits. The nasal root height was middle-type. The nasal profile was straight. The nasal base was upturned. The zygomatic projection was tiny.The height of alae nasi belonged to middle-type. The maximal diameter of nostrils was oblique.The lobe types were triangle and round. The upper lip skin height belonged to middle-type. Thickness of lips were mainly thin. Hair color was black and skin color was yellow.The eye color was brown. In the breadth of alae nasi, male was widetype and female was middle-type. 2.Typical physical characteristics of the Han ethnic groups of Jianghuai Dialect were brachycephaly, hypsicephalic type, metriocephalic type, mesorrhiny, long trunk, subbrachyskelic type and broad chest circumference. In addition, males were euryprosopy, broad shoulder breadth and broad distance between iliac crests.Females were mesoprosopy, middle shoulder breadth and middle distance between iliac crests. 3.Typical physical characteristics of the Han ethnic groups of Jianghuai Dialect were super middle-sized stature. Conclusion The circumference
and skinfold thickness of urban males are larger than rural males, while females are the opposite result. The Han ethnic groups of Jianghuai Dialect are relatively close to the North Asian type ethnic groups, but some physical characteristics are close to the ethnic groups of South Asian type of Mongoloid.

Key words: Jianghuai Dialect, Constitution, Somatoscopy, Anthropometry, Han