中国全新世人群枕外隆突与枕区突隆的时代变异

doi:10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2021.04.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的分析中国全新世人群枕外隆突、枕区突隆两项观察性状的表现特点及时代变异。方法根据表现程度将枕外隆突、枕区突隆分类，统计新石器时代（49例）、青铜铁器时代（171例）和现代（55例）成年男性头骨的各个类别的出现率并进行时代间比较。结果不同时代间，枕外隆突、枕区突隆的表现特点和变化幅度亦不相同。枕外隆突的隆起程度随时代变化越来越显著，显著的变化主要发生在新石器时代到青铜铁器时代；全新世时期大多数人群颅骨上未出现枕区突隆，较显著的枕区突隆主要出现在青铜铁器时代。结论枕外隆突的变异特点可能与全新世头骨尺寸变化特点，斜方肌的过度使用等有一定关系；枕区突隆出现与否可能一定程度反映了大脑与颅骨的相对发育程度和速度。

关键词: 枕区突隆, 变异, 形态学分析, 全新世人群

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the characteristics and variation of occipital protuberance and occipital bunning of Chinese Holocene population. Methods Based on 275 adult male skulls, Neolithic Age (49 cases), Bronze and Iron Age (171 cases) and modern (55 cases), the occipital protuberance and occipital bunning were divided into several categories, and the occurrence rates were analyzed and compared among different time periods. Results The characteristics and variation of occipital protuberance and occipital bunning were also different in different ages. The degree of the occipital protuberance was more and more significant with the age, which changed greatly from Neolithic Age to Bronze and Iron Age. In the Holocene, most people did not appear occipital bunning on the skull, but the relatively significant occipital bunning appeared in the Bronze and Iron Age. Conclusion The variation of occipital protuberance may be related to the change of skull size and overuse of trapezius muscle in Holocene. The occipital bunning appearance may reflect the relative development speed of the brain and skull to some extent.

Key words: Occipital protuberance, Occipital bunning, Variation, Morphological analysis, Holocene population

中图分类号:

983.8

李海军黄玉清郭北姮翁敏洁赵钰洁戴成萍. 中国全新世人群枕外隆突与枕区突隆的时代变异[J]. 解剖学报, 2021, 52(4): 652-656.

LI Hai-jun HUANG Yu-qing GUO Bei-heng WENG Min-jie ZHAO Yu-jie DAI Cheng-ping. Variation of occipital protuberance and occipital bunning of Holocene Chinese population[J]. Acta Anatomica Sinica, 2021, 52(4): 652-656.

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