Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of systemic transplantation of allograft adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which are mainly undifferentiated stem cells in the supporting and storing system consisting of the non-specific connective tissue (fascia) stent, on the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone biomechanics in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) rats based on fasciaology hypothesis, and to explore a new therapeutics for osteoporosis. Methods Totally 40 female adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: blank control group(A)，model group(B), treatment group(C) and treatment control group(D) (EM>n/EM>=10). Rats were induced osteoporosis by injected prednisolone. Then each rat was treated with ADSCs 3×10SUP>6/SUP> via tail vein injection. BMD of LSUB>3/SUB>-LSUB>5 /SUB>and right femurs,strength and stiffness of left femurs, the levels of serum Ca、P and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were detected. Results Prednisolone injection for 12 weeks, the levels of serum Ca and ALP, the BMD of LSUB>3/SUB>-LSUB>5/SUB> and right femurs, the strength and stiffness of left femurs in B group were obviously lower than that of A group, while serum P levels higher(EM>P/EM><0.01). ADSCs after 4 weeks of treatment, in C group the levels of serum Ca and ALP, BMD, the strength and stiffness were significantly increased, and the serum P levels decreased. Conclusion Transplanted allograft ADSCs could improve the BMD and bone biomechanics of GIOP rats. The systemic transplantation of ADSCs could be considered as a new treatment for GIOP，and this also could provide some bas

Key words: Adipose-derived stem cell, Osteoporosis, Glucocorticoid, Bone mineral density, Fasciaology, Rat