Objective  To analyze the expression level of microRNA-141-3p (miR-141-3) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and explore the effect and mechanism of miR-141-3p on cerebral hemorrhage injury in rats.    Methods  Forty patients with ICH and 40 healthy controls in total were enrolled in this study. The expression of miR-141-3p in peripheral blood serum was determined by the Real-time PCR method . The target relationship between miR-141-3p and nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) 3’ UTR was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. miR-141-3p agonist and agonist NC were injected into rats via the lateral ventricle, respectively. On day 7 after treatment, the neurological function score was evaluated，and then all rats were killed to obtain brain tissue. Brain water content was examined by the dried and wet mass. HE staining was conducted to observe the pathological changes of cerebral tissue. The mRNA expressions of NLRP3 and miR-141-3p were detected by Real-time PCR. The protein expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 were detected by Western blotting analysis.    Results  The expression of miR-141-3p in serum of ICH patients was significantly down-regulated compared to healthy controls and negatively correlated with the severity of edema around the hematoma ［(0.068±0.038) vs (0.520±0.028),t=15.93, P<0.001;r=-0.8948,-0.9434 to-0.8087,P<0.001］. The result  of luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-141-3p was related to the regulation of NLRP3 gene expression. The relative expression levels of miR-141-3p in agonist group were significantly higher than those in the agonist NC group (P<0.001), while the expression levels of NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly lower than those in the agonist NC group (P<0.001). Compared with the agonist NC group, the cerebral water content reduced significantly (P<0.001), and the neurological function score was significantly improved on the day 7 after treatment in agonist group (P<0.001). The result  of HE staining showed that injection of miR-141-3p in ICH rats could reduced the severity of edema around the hematoma.    Conclusion  MiR-141-3p alleviates ICH-induced inflammatory injury in rat possibly by modulating miR-141-3p.