Acta Anatomica Sinica

Serum leptin and polymorphism of leptin receptor gene Gln223Arg of Qinghai patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome

ZHUANG Wen-ting ZHAO De-xiong WANG Xiang-lin LI Hong-rong LI Chang-xing LI Fu-xin KONG De-xia LI Jian-hua

2018, 49 (6): 814-818. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.020

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Objective To investigate the relationship between polymorphism of leptin receptor(LEPR) gene Gln223Arg (rs1137101) and pregnancyinduced hypertension syndrome. Methods The study consisted of 107 patients of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (PIH) subjects, 116 normal pregnancy subjects were studied to detect their sera level of leptin by ELISA. The LEPR Gln223Arg genotype was detected by polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results The PIH group sera leptin level was higher than control group(P<0.05).The frequences of GG,GA,AA genotype of LEPR Gln223Arg in PIH group were 49.5%,43.9% and 6.5%, in control group were 63.8%,32.8% and 3.4%. There was difference in frequency distribution of LEPR genotype between PIH group and control group. The frequency of A gene in PIH group was higher than the control group（χ²=4.60，P<0.05，OR=0.62，95% CI=0.40-0.96）.Conclusion The A allele of LEPR Gln223Arg might be a genetic marker and a latent risk factor for PIH recurrence.

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Effect of transfecting the vascular endothelial growth factor gene in vivo on the mice with pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia

HUANG Yue LAN Jiang HU Rong GAO Jie LI Hong SU Min

2018, 49 (6): 714-719. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.003

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Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of transfecting the vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) gene in vivo on the mice with pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia. Methods Thirty six male mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: P-V group, PAH group and control group, 12 mice per group. The mouse model was prepared using normal pressure intermittent hypoxia method. After four weeks, the mice in P-V group were transfected with pBudCE4.1-VegfEGFP by PEI-mediated in vivo, and the mice in other groups were treated with saline.Hypoxia was continued while transfection. The mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP), arterial gas analysis, right ventricular hypertrophy index［RV/(LV+S)］ as well as pulmonary microvascular changes were observed after 30 days. The RT-PCR, Real-time PCR, ELISA, and nitrate reductase method were used in order to detect expression of EGFP, amount of Vegf mRNA, the level of VEGF and NO for pulmonary tissues, respectively. Results Compared with the control group, mPAP, right ventricular hypertrophy and wall thinckness (WT) increased in the PAH group (P<0.05). The extent of mPAP increasing,right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary artery WT had reduced in P-V group compared with the PAH group(P<0.05). Vegf mRNA,VEGF and NO protein expressions increased in lung tissue of the P-V group compared with the PAH group(P<0.05). Conclusion After transfecting the exogenous Vegf gene into mice, Vegf mRNA and protein expressions increased in the lung tissue of the mice, reduced the thickening of the small arteries and decreased the right ventricular hypertrophy index, and mPAP in mice of pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia.

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Effect of autologous limbal stem cell transplantation on visual quality and tear film function in patients with pterygium

ZHUANG Bo LI Xiu-hong WANG Sheng-shi

2018, 49 (6): 720-723. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.004

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Objective To investigate the effect of corneal limbal stem cell transplantation on visual quality, corneal refractive power and tear film function in patients with pterygium. Methods A total of 110 patients with pterygium treated in our hospital from February 2016 to January 2017 were randomly divided into control group and observation group,55 cases in each group. The control group was treated with pterygium excision. The observation group was given limbal stem cell transplantation on the basis of the control group. Visual acuity, corneal refractive power, tear film function and postoperative scleral complication were evaluated in both groups. Results Compared with those before treatment, the visual acuity, corneal horizontal curvature and corneal vertical curvature were significantly increased in both groups after treatment, and corneal astigmatism decreased significantly compared with those before treatment. The visual acuity, corneal horizontal curvature and cornea vertical curvature was significantly greater than that of the control group, and the corneal astigmatism was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the levels of schimer Ⅰ test(SIT) and break-up time(BUT) significantly increased in both groups after treatment, and the scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). At the 6th month after operation, the eye irritation symptoms, scleral softening and scleral necrosis incidence in observation group were significantly lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The limbal stem cell transplantation combined with pterygium excision can effectively improve the patient’s visual acuity, increase the corneal refractive power and reduce the degree of astigmatism, and can effectively improve the tear film function, reduce the incidence of scleral complications, reliable, and worthy of further clinical application.

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Application value of ultrasonic intestinal filling contrast method in morphology and walking variation of large intestine

CHENG Zu-sheng XIA Guo-yuan QIAN Cai-yan DONG Liang SUN Jian-gang JIANG Zhen-zhen

2018, 49 (6): 730-735. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.006

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Objective To investigate the application value of ultrasonic intestinal filling contrast（UIFC）method in morphology and walking variation of large intestine. Methods The examines were checked before fasting for 8 hours, 6 hours before the examination of oral polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder(Ⅰ) for cleaning enema, and gastrointestinal contrast agent into the intestinal tract from the anus after irrigation, and then for intestinal filling contrast ultrasonography. Finally, the application value of UIFC method in morphology and walking variation of large intestine were analyzed. Results Two handred and sixty-six cases of UIFC examination were found that there were changes in walking and morphology of the large intestine in 18 cases, a total of 11 types: 6 cases of sigmoid colon walk, 3 cases of transverse short low, and splenic flexure bending deformity，short ascending colon, descending colon parallel variation,no colon hepatic flexure with short ascending colon, huge ascending colon, hepatic flexure of the colon malformation,no ileocecal valve, descending colon twist,no colon splenic flexure with short descending colon 1 case each. Conclusion The ultrasonic intestinal filling contrast provides a feasible and effective method for screening variation of the morphology and walking variation of large intestine and has important value in clinical application and variation of anatomical structure.

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A statistical shape model of the bilateral inner ear

LI Xi WU Shu-zhi ZHENG Yan-yan CHEN Xiao-su YANG Xiao-guo YANG Xiao-kai

2018, 49 (6): 736-739. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.007

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Objective To explore the method and influencing factors of establishing a statistical shape model of the bilateral inner ears, and to investigate the use of the mean model as a standard bilateral inner ear model with spatial information. Methods A total of 37 bilateral inner ear models were segmented through Otsu method and manual segmentation. Those models were registered to generate a statistical shape model. The mean model as a standard model was observed for the spatial information. Results High quality inner ear model was obtained through Otsu method segmentation. After those models were registered, the Statismo software was used to generate inner ear statistical shape model stably. The spatial direction information of the model was representative. Conclusion The statistical shape model of the bilateral inner ear can derive the mean model as the standard model with spatial orientation information.

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Comparison of angiopoietin-2 expression on thawed and heteroplastic human ovarian tissues between two freezing methods

ZHANG Na LI Wei NIE Zhao-yan ZHANG Hui HAO Ya-li TANG Lan

2018, 49 (6): 825-829. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.022

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Objective To investigate the effect of thawing and xenotransplantation of two kinds of cryopreservation method on human ovarian tissue by detecting the expression of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). Methods Sixteen cases of human ovarian tissue specimens were collected, and each case was divided into two parts. One part was cryopreserved by programmed freezing and the other one was cryopreserved by vitrification. Thirty-two SCID nude mice were divided into two groups: group A were transplantated the thawed human ovarian tissue frozen by programming freezing, and group B, by vitrification. After thawing and 6 weeks after transplantation, the survival rate of the primordial follicles and the expression of Ang-2 in the granulosa cells were observed in the two groups. Results After thawing, the positive rate of Ang-2 in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the normal follicular rate between the two groups (P>0.05). After transplantation, there were no significant differences in the survival rate of primordial follicles and the positive rate of Ang-2 between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the positive rate of Ang-2 (P>0.05) in two groups and there was no But in group B, the survival rate of primordial follicles after transplantation was lower than after thawing (P<0.05). Conclusion Programmed freezing had less effect on the expression of Ang-2 in the primordial follicle granulosa cells of the human ovarian tissue than vitrification. The heterograft of thawed human ovarian tissue does not affect the expression of Ang-2.

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A standardized specimen preparation method of middle and inner ear structures

WANG Nai-li ZHANG Di MU Rui-min KOU Yin-hua CAO Cheng-gang MA Chao LIU Ke

2018, 49 (6): 830-833. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.023

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Objective To explore a specimen preparing method of middle and inner ear for direct observation. Methods Marking the standardized line for sawing on the inner and basale surfaces of the human temporal bone. Using a junior hack-saw to open the temporal bone along the marked line to show the middle ear structure. The inner ear structure was exposed with a hand drill. Simulation of tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, facial nerve, chorda tympani and internal carotid artery were then restructured. A hinge was used to connect the two halves of the temporal bone. Results All six walls of the tympanic cavity were clearly shown in the sawed temporal bone, which showed the pyramidal eminence, pharyngotympanic tube, oval window and round window. Three opened semicircular canals and the crosssection of the cochlear in the inner ear were exposed. The reconstructed auditory ossides, facial nerve, chorda tympani, internal carotid artery and tympanic membrane were used to show the structure and position in three dimensions. The hinge connection can be opened to observe the internal structures and closed to see the overall form. Conclusion The sawing and grinding method were applied to the preparation of the inner ear specimen. The sawing pathe and the grinding site of the inner ear were standardized. This method provides a solid foundation for the anatomy teaching and clinical application of the ear.

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Relationship between histological examination scores and learning stress

CHEN Kang ZHANG Han-lin QIU Wen-ying QIAN Xiao-jing

2018, 49 (6): 834-838. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.024

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Objective To explore the relationship between histological examination scores and learning stress of eight-year students majoring in clinical medicine in Peking Union Medical College. Methods Educational measurements were used to evaluate the histological examination scores. The psychological stress and somatic symptoms were investigated by semi-structured questionnaires. The relationship among the three was analyzed by using of mathematical and statistical method. Results Median scores of students worried about failing the exam were significantly lower than those of the other students (P<0.001); Median scores of students with a high level of anxiety were significantly lower than those of the other students (P<0.01). Students worried about failing the exam are more likely to have frequent insomnia before the examination (P<0.05). Students with a high level of anxiety are more likely to have frequent insomnia before the examination (P<0.001) and are more likely to catch a cold or have a fever after the examination (P<0.01). Median scores of students with frequent insomnia before the examination were significantly lower than those of the other students (P<0.05). Conclusion Students with greater pressure are more likely to score worse in histological examination, and more likely to catch a cold or have a fever. Teachers should care about students in the aspects of academic performance, psychological stress and physical symptoms and provide guidance to students to face the pressure in order to help students with medical learning and physical and mental health.

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Biocompatibility of human dental pulp stem cells with acellular porcine intestinal submucosa

GE Fang DU Li-qun

2018, 49 (6): 819-824. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.021

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Objective To investigate the biocompatibility of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) cultured in vitro with acellular porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS), and to find an ideal seed cell for tissue engineering corneal epithelium construction. Methods To culture human DPSCs by modified enzyme tissue block method and identificate DPSCs. control groups: DPSCs were cultured in DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The compound acellular SIS culture group served as the experimental group, and the non-compound acellular SIS culture group was the control group. HE staining was used to detect the growth of DPSCs inoculated with acellular SIS. Results DPSCs were successfully obtained. The acellular SIS extract and acellular SIS had no significant effect on the proliferation of DPSCs, but there was no significant difference compared with the control group (P>0.05). DPSCs grew monolayer 3 days，7 days after inoculation with acellular SIS. The scaffold fibers were broken and the cells were connected to each other. Conclusion DPSCs has certain biocompatibility with acellular SIS, which is expected to be used in the construction of tissue engineered corneal epithelium.

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Analysis of environmental factors influencing on growth and development of plateau children and adolescents in China

XI Huan-jiu LI Wen-hui WEN You-feng LIU Kun REN Fu ZHAO Li-guang

2018, 49 (6): 770-781. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.013

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Objective To answer the question of how much environmental factors influence growth and development (GD). Methods Height, weight and chest circumference of 107 986 healthy children and adolescents(CA) aged 7-18 years old living in 14 provincial capital cities of China, and natural and social environmental variables of the cities were collected to study the impact of environmental factors on GD. Results Four body mass index were related to GDP per capita (GDPpc), adult literacy rate (ALR), life expectancy(LE), life expectancy index(LEI), education index(EI), GDP index(GDPI) and human development index(HDI) (P<0.01). Three principal components accounted for 82.75% of the variations. Comprehensive enrollment rate (CER) of college, middle and primary schools, HDI, altitude were the three main influencing factors on GD. Conclusion Altitude is essential in influencing factors on GD of CA and it representes a group of influencing factors. Social environmental variables for GD of CA play an important role, in which education is more outstanding.

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Variation of some mandibular traits related to masticatory muscle in Xiawanggang population

LI Hai-jun HAO Shuang-fan FANG Lu-yu DAI Cheng-ping

2018, 49 (6): 782-785. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.014

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Objective To understand the variation of some mandibular traits related to masticatory muscle of Xiawanggang population in Xichuan county, Henan province. Methods This study was conducted on 44 human mandibles of Xiawanggang population. Mandibular trait is divided into several types, which consist of extroversion of mandibular angle, tuberositas masseterica, tuberositas ptelygoidea and mental spine. And then comparisons are made among different time periods during the Holocene. Results Extroversion of mandibular angle, tuberositas masseterica, right tuberositas ptelygoidea and mental spine turn out mainly to be “obvious” type among Xiawanggang population. Conclusion The mandibular traits of Xiawanggang population related to masticatory muscle is mainly " obvious " type, which may reflect their big musculus masseter. Meanwhile it is suggested that the degree of those traits varies as time period goes by in Holocene.

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Mosuo national affiliation from the point of somatotype

LI Yong-lan HU Hui-yuan

2018, 49 (6): 786-792. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.015

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Objective To analyze the somatotypes of Mosuo and to identify Mosuo national affiliation. Methods The physical anthropological indicators of 386 Mosuo adults (179 males, 207 females) from Yongning, Ninglang, Yunnan were measured and the Heath-Carter somatotypes of Mosuo were analyzed. Results The mean somatotype of male was 3.2-4.9-2.4, belonged to endo-mesomorph category. The mean somatotype of female was 5.0-4.8-1.6, belonged to endoderm-mesodermal equilibrium. The distribution of the male was discrete, and the female was relatively concentrated. Before the age of 60, along with the age growth, the fat, bone and muscle of females were more and more developed, and linearity of body was smaller. The comparison of somatotypes position distance showed that Mosuo was closest to Bouyei, closer to Han and Mongolia nationalities in Yunnan and far away from Barag Mongolian. The result of clustering analysis of the 3 somatotypes among 13 groups (eight southern minorities, 2 southern Han ethnic groups, three northern Mongolia ethnic groups) showed that somatotype of Mosuo was mainly characterized by southern ethnic groups, but it was slightly different with them. Comprehensively the 3 somatotypes of 13 ethnic groups and the body fat of Mosuo were inferior to northern Mongolia and Han nationalities, and superior to 7 southern ethnic groups. The body was stronger than the majority of southern ethnic groups, but inferior to northern Mongolia ethnic groups. Conclusion On the whole, Mosuo is mainly characterized by southern ethnic groups, but more stronger and fatter than majority of them.The conclusion of this study do not support the view that Mosuo is a branch of Mongolia.

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Distribution of rs2588519 T/C and rs7582359 A/G polymorphisms of reticulon 4 gene in Guangxi population

QIN Hai-mei WANG Rong YANG Feng-lian WEI Gui-jiang LUO Gui-fei WANG Jun-li

2018, 49 (6): 793-797. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.016

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Objective To study the distribution of rs2588519 T/C and rs7582359 A/G polymorphisms of reticulon 4 （RTN4）gene in population of Guangxi, and to analyze the differences of genotype and allele frequencies among different people. Methods The genotypes of rs2588519 T/C and rs7582359 A/G in 323 Guangxi healthy subjects were detected by SNaPshot and DNA sequencing. The distribution of genotype and allele frequencies were analyzed and compared with HapMap-CEU, HapMap-JPT, HapMap-YRIand HapMap-HCB. Results There were CC (53.0%),T/C (38.7%) and TT (8.3%) genotypes of rs2588519 T/C in Guangxi population, while AA (7.4%), AG (37.5%) and GG(55.1%) were found in rs7582359 A/G. There were no significant differences of both genotype and allele frequencies between males and females in these sites(P>0.05). The genotype frequency of rs2588519 T/C was significantly different between HapMap-YRI and Guangxi people(P<0.05), and the allele frequency was significantly different among HapMap-CEU, HapMap-JPT and HapMap-YRI(P<0.05). The genotype and allele of rs7582359 A/G were statistically significant (P<0.05) when compared with those of HapMap-CEU and HapMap-YRI. Conclusion The rs2588519 T/C and rs7582359 A/G polymorphisms of RTN4 gene have different degrees of racial differences.

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Level of physical activity and body composition of male college students in China and Southeast Asian countries

LIU Peng LIU Yu-ling WEI Li-hua LI De-zheng LIANG Hui-si WEI Zhi-qun HUANG Li-qian GONG Jian-gu DENG Qiong-ying XU Lin

2018, 49 (6): 798-803. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.017

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Objective To study the level of physical activity and body composition of male college students in China and Southeast Asian countries, and to explore the correlation between physical activity level and body composition. Methods A total of 442 male college students were randomly selected in a college in Guangxi, of which 294 Chinese college students, 148 college students in Southeast Asian countries.Physical activity level was investigated using the international physical questionnaire, and body composition was measured by body composition analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 software. Results In addition to moderate intensity physical activity level (P>0.05),walking activity level, the high intensity physical activity level and total physical activity of Chinese male college students were higher than that of South East Asian countries (all P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the level of walking physical activity was negatively correlated with body weight, fat, muscle volume, presumed bone mass and swelling index.High intensity physical activity level and body fat, muscle mass, bone mass was positively related presumption, and has a negative correlation with fat content and swelling index.The level of middle strength physical activity was only negatively correlated with height. Conclusion There are significant differences in physical activity level and body composition between male college students and Southeast Asian male college students. These might may be related to genes, ethnic groups, diet and other factors. It is suggested that high intensity physical activity levels are more conducive to maintaining physical health.

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Y chromosome molecular genetics characteristics of Torghut

LIAN Wei LI Yong-lan

2018, 49 (6): 804-808. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.018

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Objective To study Y chromosome molecular genetics of Torghut. Methods Using random sampling method and informed consents and ethical principles, venous blood samples, 5 ml each, were collected from 49 cases of peripheral Torghut in september 2015 in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of Ejinaqi. Fourtynine samples of 17 Y chromosome Y-STR loci multiplex PCR were detected, and genotyping data was obtained in each sample gene. The data was analyzed by Past v2.17 and NetWork 11.0 statistical software. Results Torghut mainly haplogroup C3, O3, N, R. C3 haplogroup frequency was the highest in Torghut, Barga Mongolian,??led Mongolian, Khalkh Mongolian, Hulun Buir Buryat, Kazak, Daur and Mongolian in Mongolia. From the frequency distribution of each haplotype, Torghut and Barga Mongolian were most similar. Sixteen groups were seperated according to the geagraphy. Torghut was close to Hulun Buir Buryat, Barga Mongolian, Hulun Buir Buryat, Barga Mongolian, led Mongolian Khalkh Mongolian, Kazak, and Russian Buryat of Mongolia. Torghut was far away from Dongxiang and Baoan. Conclusion Torghut and Hulun Buir Buryat、Barga Mongolian、??led Mongolian on a similar branch, have genetic similarity.

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Association between the phenotype of Dravet syndrome and sodium channel α1 submit gene mutation

ZHANG Hua CHEN Hai-dan CHEN Ze-yan WU Hui-lian TANG Jiang-li WU Wei-shi WU Shi-yan HONG Li

2018, 49 (6): 809-813. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.019

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Objective To investigate the clinical phenotype of children with Dravet syndrome of sodium channel α1 submit gene(SCN1A) mutation, so as to understand the relationship between the degree of lesion and the mutation of SCN1A gene in children with Dravet syndrome. Methods Forty-three children with Dravet syndrome and their family members were analyzed retrospectively from January 2014 to February 2017 in Sanya Hospital, Hainan Province. The clinical records, including SCN1A gene mutation, electrocardiogram（ECG），electroencephalograph（EEG）and nuclear magnetic resonance examination result were collected. Results SCN1A gene mutation was found in 31 cases of Dravet syndrome, including missense mutations, frameshift mutations, and large fragment deletions. The age of onset in the SCN1A⁺ group was (4.32±0.84) months, which was younger than that of the SCN1A^- group (t=2.354;P<0.05). The frequency of onset of SCN1A⁺ was 3.24±1.13 and 1.77±0.45 (t=2.435;P<0.05) in the SCN1A^-group. The number of epileptic seizures in the SCN1A⁺ group was significantly higher than that in the SCN1A- group (t=311;P<0.05). In the SCN1A⁺ group, 19 patients had varous degrees of mental retardation, while in the SCN1A^- group, 3 patients developed mental retardation (P<0.05).In the SCN1A⁺ group, 16 cases of children with EEG background diffused slow wave activity, and 21 cases of multispike slow wave. In the SCN1A^-group, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with SCN1A^- group, the children in SCN1A⁺ group show younger onset of age, higher frequency of onset and the average number of epilepsy status per year, the poorer intelligence and higher ratio of abnormal activity in EEG.

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Protective effects of erigeron breviscapus on retinal hypoxia and its inflammatory injury

ZHU Jing-yuan BAI Yu-jing ZHANG Yu WU Hui-juan

2018, 49 (6): 839-845. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.025

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Retinal hypoxia injury is mainly about the damage of retinal ganglion cells, including oxidative stress, excitotoxicity damage, and inflammatory damage. Degeneration of retinal ganglion cells leads to dysfunction of optic nerve conduction. Therefore, blocking the damage pathways of the optic nerve cells and enhancing their survival mechanisms in the short-term after hypoxic injury becomes the key to restore vision. Erigeron breviscapus can protect the retina from hypoxic injury through a variety of mechanisms. It can reduce the expression of inflammatory mediators, so it can protect a series of inflammatory cascade effects caused by retinal hypoxia by reducing the inflammatory response. The current research progress on the protection of retinal hypoxia and inflammation associated injury with erigeron breviscapus.

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Progress of advanced microscopic imaging technology and its applications in cell biology

YANG Zhi-he YAN Li LI Hong-lin CAI Ya-fei

2018, 49 (6): 846-851. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.026

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Advanced microscopic imaging technology is a powerful tool in cell biology research. It can be used to achieve three-dimensional imaging in vivo with high resolution. This paper introduces the principles and key points of these techniques and the current situation of their applicaions in cell biology, including optical microscopy, electron microscopy, fluorescent probes and their related techniques.Moreover, the prospect of advanced microscopic imaging technology is also discussed.

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Mechanism of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis

LIU Li-li LIU Jian-hua JIAO Lu-lu LIU Si-ming GONG Zheng ZHANG Lin-lin BIAN Fang-zi ZHANG Lin-jing YAN Zhan-feng LIU Qiao-ping

2018, 49 (6): 852-857. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.027

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Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1) pathway is a non selective cation pathway, which can be activated by various stimulators such as capsaicin and high temperature, and participate in many physiological and pathological processes. As is confirmed by the latest research that the TRPV1 pathway is a core factor of mechanism of nerve immune regulation network, which plays an important role in nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis. This article is a brief review about the research progress of TRPV1 regulating and controling neuropeptides by neural immunoregulation network which could influence the symptoms of nasal mucosa. It is expected to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of allergic rhinitis.

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Protective effect of Angelica polysaccharides on pancreatic injury induced by D-galactose in mice

DONG Zhao-ying HUANG Jie XU Meng-xiong CHEN Xiong-bin WANG Zi-ling XIAO Ming-he CHEN lin-bo JIANG Rong WANG Lu WANG Ya-ping

2018, 49 (6): 740-744. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.008

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Objective To explore the protective effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide（ASP）on murine pancreas induced by the D-galactose (D-gal). Methods The male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 3 groups(10 mice in each group): D-gal group in which mice were received hypodermic injection of D-gal (120 mg/kg, qd×42 days), ASP+ D-gal group in which the dose and time of the injection of D-gal were the same as that in the D-gal group, from the 16th days of the injection of D-gal, mice intraperitoneally injected ASP(40 mg/kg，qd×27 days), and normal control group in which mice received the same dose and time of saline. The related indicators were detected on the second day after modeling and administration. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and fasting insulin level were measured by collecting peripheral blood. Pancreas weight and visceral index were calculated. Paraffin sections were prepared. After HE staining, the micro-structures of the pancreas of each group were observed. The mononuclear cells and the related area in islets were detected by using image analysis method. Malonaldehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were analyzed by preparing pancreas tissue homogenate. Results At the beginning of the 16th day of the injection of D-gal, mice were intraperitoneally injected ASP in 27 days. Compared with the control
group, pancreatic wet weight and visceral index of ASP+ D-gal mice decreased significantly. The FBG, OGTT for 30 minutes and 120 minutes had no significant difference. There was no significant difference of the blood sugar level between the groups. The area under the curve (AUC) was reduced. The number and the size of the mononuclear cells within islet decreased when compared with D-gal group. MDA content decreased, and T-AOC activity increased significantly. Conclusion D-gal can induce structural and functional injury of the pancreas. ASP can antagonise D-gal to reduce the damage to the pancreas. The mechanism may be associated with reducing oxidative damage.

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Distribution of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated cation channels 4 positive cells in rat myocardial tissue at different developmental stages

ZHANG Ya-nan REN Ming-fen GUO Zhi-kun

2018, 49 (6): 752-758. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.010

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Objective To investigate the changes of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated cation channels 4(HCN4) expression in the rat heart at different developmental stages and to provide morphological basis for further study of HCN4 on cardiac function. Methods Four groups of rats, 15 rats per group, which were separately born for 1 day, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months were used in this study. The hearts of each group were collected. Paraffin section and frozen section were used to observe the distribution and morphological characteristics of HCN4 positive cells in myocardium of rats at different developmental stages by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence techniques. The protein content of HCN4 in left and right ventricles was observed by Western blotting. Results The immunohistochemical and fluorescence results showed that HCN4 positive cells in 1 day after birth, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months of the vascular smooth muscle cells, endocardial and vascular endothelial cells, epicardial mesothelial cells, fibroblasts, a large number of atrial myocytes, a small amount of cardiomyocytes, and conduction of tissue cells were expressed, but the number of expressed cells was uneven in different parts. Western blotting results showed that the expression of ventricular HCN4 protein decreased with age. Conclusion The expression of HCN4 decreased gradually with the increase of age in the rat myocardium, but the cells with strong proliferative ability are sustained expression. These results suggest that HCN4 may regulate the survival of many cells in myocardium.

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Effects of heroin on the renal tissue structures and functions of mice

HE Ling-hui CHEN Cheng LI Chong-yang YU Shi-yuan

2018, 49 (6): 759-764. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.011

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Objective To study the poisonous effects of heroin on the kidney tissues of mice. Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into control group and heroin groups.The mice in heroin group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 ml heroin solution twice a day at incremental concentration doses 0.0571, 0.0667 and 0.0706 g/kg each concentration for 15 days.The mice in control group were injected saline at the same volume as that in heroin group.The body weight and kidney weight were weighted and the contents for catalase(Cr)and uric acid(UA)in plasma and contents for malondialdehyde (MDA)as well as the activities of catalase(CAT)，Na^+-K⁺-ATP and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in kidney tissues were respectively detected by colorimetry at day 5, day 10 and day 15 treatments.And the morphological structure of kidneys were observed under the microscopy.The immunohistochemiscal staining method was used to detect aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression intensity. Results The body weight，kidney weight and kidney index of mice in the heroin group were decreased，compared with the mice in control group.And the morphological observation showed that glomerulus pykinosis，glomerulus solid，renal tubule epithelial cells swelling necrosis and fall up.The contents for Cr and UA in plasma were higher than those in control group（P<0.01）.The activity of CAT，Na^+-K^+-ATP decreased（P<0.01），the activity of LDH，the content of MDA were higher（P<0.05 or P<0.01）and the expression of AQP2 decreased（P<0.01）. Conclusion Heroin destroys the antioxidant capacity of the kidney tissue and reduces the expression of AQP2 in the kidney and the effect of heroin on serious damage of both renal tissues structure and functions.

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Liver function and pathological changes in Niemann-Pick disease type C1 mice

YANG Ji-chao SONG Ying LIU Da TONG Man ZHANG Yang GUAN Li-hong QIAO Liang LIN Jun-tang

2018, 49 (6): 745-751. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.009

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Objective To explore the function and pathology of liver in late Npc1-/-mice (P60) and provide theoretical basis for the pathological and clinical treatment of Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1). Methods Weighing the mice, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum of eye canthus were analyzed to evaluate liver function of Npc1-/- mouse. The liver tissues were treated with paraffin and then frozen sections and stained HE staining and oil red O staining was used to observe the morphological changes and fat storage in liver tissue. The collagen deposition in liver tissue was evaluated by Masson staining. The Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of proinflammatory factors interleukin（IL）-1β, IL-6 and tumer necrosis factor(TNF)-α in liver tissue. The apoptosis of liver tissue was observed by TUNEL staining. Results Compared with the Npc1+/+ mouse, the body weight and liver coefficient of Npc1-/- mouse were decreased significantly (P<0.001), and the activity of LDH, ALT and AST were increased significantly (P<0.001). HE staining showed that morphological changes of the liver were obvious in Npc1-/- mice, and a large number of foam cells appeared. Oil red O staining showed a significant decrease in the positive rate of liver fat cells in Npc1-/- mice. Real-time PCR showed that the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the liver of Npc1-/- mice increased significantly (P<0.01,P<0.05 andP<0.001). Western blotting showed that the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α protein increased (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01); Inflammatory reaction in the late liver; Masson staining showed no obvious collagen deposition in the liver of Npc1-/- mice. TUNEL staining showed that the number of apoptosis cells increased in the liver of Npc1-/- mice. Conclusion The mutation of Npc1 gene leads to the morphological changes of the liver and the amounts of macrophage aggregation. These increases in macrophage aggregation may cause severe inflammatory reactions in the liver. However, the occurrence of inflammatory reactions in liver may play a crucial role in promoting liver cell apoptosis and impaired liver function.

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Effects of flurbiprofen axetil on cognitive function and inflammatory factors in elderly patients with femoral head replacement

ZHOU Zhi-jun LI Ying-yun

2018, 49 (6): 765-769. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.012

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Objective To observe the effect of flurbiprofen axetil on cognitive function and inflammatory factors in elderly patients with femoral head replacement. Methods Seventy-five aged patients selectively undergoing femoral head replacement under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia(CSEA) were randomly selected and divided into three groups according to random number table, and each group had 25 patients: group C (control group, normal saline was administrated in clinical patients), group S (solvent group, the lipo microspheres for Kaifen preparations were administrated in clinical patients), group K (Kaifen group, Kaifen Flurbiprofen axetil injection was administrated in clinical patients). The hemodynamic indexes: heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure(MAP) in three groups were recorded respectively at time points of the 24th hour before surgery (T0), the end of surgery (T₁) and 3 hours (T₂), 12 hours (T₃) and 24 hours (T₄) after surgery, and 3 ml peripheral blood was extracted and retained to detect the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-1β using the ELISA assay. Furthermore, the mini-mental status examination (MMSE) was performed at time points of T₀, T₂, T₃and T₄ to evaluate the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in all patients. Results Compared to group C and S, there were no significant differences in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels in patients of group K between time points of T0 and T1; Compared to group C and S, there were no significant differences in MMSE in patients of group K between time points of T₀ and T₂; Compared to group C and S, the plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in patients of group K were significantly decreased between time points of T₂ and T₄; Compared to group C and S, the MMSE score in patients of group K was significantly increased between time points of T₃ and T₄; Compared to group C and S, there were no significant differences in occurrences of nausea and vomiting and respiratory depression in patients of group K between time points of T₂ and T₄, and the pain score in group K were significantly lower than those in group C and S (P<0.05). In addition, the postoperative incidence rate of POCD in group K was significantly lower than those in group C and S. Conclusion The advanced use of flurbiprofen can reduce the perioperative inflammatory response and decrease the incidence rate and extent of POCD, but can not increase the incidence rate of complications such as postoperative nausea, vomiting and respiratory depression.

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Cyclooxygenase-2 promoting the expression of E-selectin and the cerebral protective effects of breviscapine after cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury in rats

YANG Ying-chun REN Zhan-chuan CHEN Xin-ji

2018, 49 (6): 703-707. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.001

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Objective To investigate the mechanisms of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) aggravating cerebral injury and the protective effects of breviscapine after cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury, by observing the effect of COX-2 on the expression of E-selectin and the effect of breviscapine on the expression of COX-2 and E-selectin. Methods Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, saline group, SC-58125 group and breviscapine treatment group, at ischemia hour 2/reperfusion hour 24. Nerve function scores were used to observe the neurobehavioral changes of rats, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to assess the changes of cerebral infarction volume. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the expression of COX-2 and E-selectin. Results In SC-58125 group and breviscapine treatment group, nerve function scores, cerebral infarction volume and COX-2 and E-selectinwere significantly decreased. Conclusion COX-2 aggravates inflammatory response of ischemia area by promoting the expression of E-selectin; breviscapine may play a protective role by inhibiting the expression of COX-2 and E-selectin.

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Effects of heroin on oxidative damage and specific protein expression in retina of newborn mice

LI Chong-yang GOU Tao-ran LIU Ting-ting YU Shi-yuan

2018, 49 (6): 708-713. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.002

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Objective To explore the effects of heroin on oxidative damage and specific protein expression in mice retina. Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into 2 groups：the control group and the heroin groupThe mice of heroin group were injected intraperitoneally with heroin of the increasing doses (0.0571 g/kg, 0.0667 g/kg, 0.0706 g/kg) continuous(1-5, 6-10 and 11-15 days) for 15 days(twice a day)，and the control group was injected with equivalence salineactivities of lactic dehydrogenase（LDH）and content of glutathione（GSH）in plasma，activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in retinal tissue were detected by colorimetryThe expressions of Caspase-3 and nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB) protein of retina were examined by immunohistochemistry method. Results Compared with control group，the content of plasma GSH remarkable lower in heroin group. Meanwhile，the activities of plasma LDH remarkable rise in heroin group，the activities of mice retina iNOS remarkable increase in heroin group. The positive expressions of Caspase-3，NF-κB protein in retina were significantly increased. Conclusion Heroin may effect on GSH content and LDS activities in plasma and activity of iNOS in retinal tissue，induces the expressions of Caspase-3 and NF-κB protein of retinal cells，to influence the structure of the animal retina.

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Influence of galectin-3 low expression on proliferation of MGC-803 cells

WU Xue-yan ZHAO Yi-na WANG Xiao-jie LI Xin

2018, 49 (6): 724-729. doi: 10.16098/j.issn.0529-1356.2018.06.005

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Objective To investigate the influence of galectin-3 suppression on the proliferation of human stomach carcinoma MGC-803 cells by down-regulating galectin-3 expression using RNA interference technique. Methods The MGC-803 cells were divided into three groups. The cells transfected with siRNA targeted galectin-3 was regarded as si-RNA interference group, the cells transfected with scrambled siRNA was taken for negative control and those with lipofectine TM2000 alone was blank control. Western blotting was applied to detect the suppression rate of galectin-3. The growth of the cells was assessed by MTT and colony formation assays. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of cyclin D1 and proliferationg cell nuclear antigen(PCNA). Results The expression of galectin-3 was significantly inhibited in the experiment cells group when compared with those of the blank cells group and negative cells group (P<0.05). MTT and colony formation assays showed that proliferation of the experiment cells group decreased significantly (P<0.05). The expression of cyclin D1 and PCNA decreased compared with the negative control group and the blank control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Galectin-3 low expression inhibits the proliferation of MGC-803 cells which might associate with the suppression of cyclin D1 and PCNA expression.

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